USCIS Resumes Neighborhood Checks for Citizenship Applicants

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) may interview neighbors, coworkers, or employers as part of its review of applications for U.S. citizenship.

The agency resumed “neighborhood investigations” in August 2025, restoring a practice it had stopped using in 1991. On August 25, 2026, USCIS added guidance to its Policy Manual explaining how it decides whether to conduct an investigation and how applicants can submit reference letters for consideration.

What naturalization applicants need to know

Not every applicant will undergo a neighborhood investigation. USCIS may waive an investigation for an individual applicant or a group of cases. Its Fraud Detection and National Security Directorate makes that decision in coordination with the Field Operations Directorate.

Applicants may voluntarily submit testimonial or character reference letters, preferably from U.S. citizens who are not family members. The letters can address the applicant’s character, loyalty to the United States, attachment to the principles of the U.S. Constitution, and other citizenship requirements.

USCIS considers these letters when deciding whether to waive an investigation, but submitting them does not guarantee a waiver.

The guidance took effect immediately and applies to naturalization applications pending or filed on or after August 25, 2026.

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Neighborhood checks: What to expect now

• When USCIS May Apply It: Officers will make decisions individually. If your application clearly shows continuous residence and good moral character, USCIS may waive the check. If questions arise, a neighborhood investigation is more likely.
• How to Prepare: Submitting testimonial letters with your application may help USCIS determine an investigation isn’t needed. Preparing this evidence early can reduce delays.
• Possible Delays: USCIS staff reductions and new vetting requirements may slow down the naturalization process.

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What employers should know

USCIS has said neighborhood investigations may include contacting an applicant’s workplace. That could mean interviewing employers, managers, or coworkers to confirm details about the applicant’s character and eligibility.

Employers don’t need to prepare special documents in advance, but it’s helpful to be aware of this possibility. If contacted by USCIS, you should be ready to confirm basic information such as dates of employment and the applicant’s role.

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Preparing for your application

A neighborhood investigation is not automatic for every applicant. Review your application and supporting records for accuracy, and respond to any USCIS requests by the deadline provided. If you choose to submit reference letters, ask people who know you personally and can provide specific, truthful information.

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