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[{"id":4609,"title":"Form N-400, Explained","subtitle":"Understanding the \u201cApplication for Naturalization\u201d","body":"What is Form N-400?Form N-400 (officially called the \u201cApplication for Naturalization\u201d) is a government form used by green card holders who are ready to apply for U.S. citizenship after meeting certain eligibility requirements.Filing this form with U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), which is part of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS), is the first step of \u201cnaturalization,\u201d the process of becoming an American citizen.In this guide, we\u2019ll discuss who can and cannot use Form N-400, filing instructions, required documents, and tips for completing your application.For a flat rate of $395, Boundless helps you complete your entire naturalization application, including all supporting documents, independent attorney review, and support from the moment your application is filed until you obtain U.S. citizenship. \n Learn more, or \n start your application today.Who can file Form N-400?Only individuals who have satisfied the eligibility requirements for naturalization may file an N-400. In general, you must be at least 18 years old and have had a green card for five years (or three years if you\u2019re married to a U.S. citizen) \u2014 unless you\u2019re applying based on qualifying military service. Our guide to naturalization lists all of the basic eligibility requirements for U.S. citizenship.Who cannot file Form N-400?You cannot file an N-400 if you:Have not met the eligibility requirements for naturalization. \u201cAcquired\u201d or \u201cderived\u201d citizenship through at least one U.S.-citizen parent or are a child of a U.S. citizen and live abroad (see this guidance from USCIS to learn more).Not sure if you\u2019re eligible for naturalization? You can \n check your eligibility on Boundless without providing any personal information. When you\u2019re ready to apply for U.S. citizenship, Boundless can guide you through every milestone of the naturalization process, starting with your N-400 application all the way to the finish line. \n Learn more, or \n get started today.How much does it cost to file Form N-400?The current government fee for filing an N-400 is $725, including $640 for processing and $85 for biometrics services, both nonrefundable whether the application is approved or denied. Certain applicants, however, are eligible for a reduction or waiver of the fees. (Boundless has a detailed guide on the full cost of naturalization.)How long does it take to process Form N-400?The current average processing time for naturalization applications is a little over 10 months. Generally, however, the speed of processing depends on the USCIS field office handling the application, and some applicants can get a head start on the process (see \u201cFiling Early\u201d below). Our detailed guide to the U.S. citizenship timeline has more details on what to expect during each stage of the naturalization process.Can I file my N-400 online?Yes, you may file your N-400 online unless you\u2019re applying based on your military service; are applying from abroad; or are applying for a fee reduction or waiver, in which case you must use the paper Form N-400 and file by mail (see the next question for information on where to send your paper N-400).To apply online, you must create an online account with USCIS and sign your application electronically (by typing your full name at the end of the application).Where should I send my N-400 form?Where you must send your N-400 application and materials depends on whether you file online\u00a0or by mail. If you\u2019re filing by mail, the USCIS address to send your materials to will depend on the state in which you live and the delivery service you choose (U.S. Postal Service vs. FedEx, UPS, or DHL).If you\u2019re applying based on your (or your family member\u2019s) military service, you will send your N-400 materials to a special address, depending also on the delivery method you choose.USCIS provides a list of the addresses to which applicants must send their N-400 (see \u201cWhere to File\u201d tab).IMPORTANT:\u00a0Make sure to make a copy of your completed N-400 before you submit it to USCIS. Your citizenship interview will focus largely on the answers you provided on your naturalization application. It\u2019s important to review those answers prior to attending your interview.Boundless turns all the government requirements for naturalization into simple questions you can answer online, typically in under an hour \u2014 compared with days or weeks the traditional way. We make it easy to complete your naturalization application and avoid common problems. \n Learn more, or \n get started today.The 90-day early-filing rule: You may file your naturalization application with USCIS as early as 90 days before the end of your three- or five-year wait period as a green card holder \u2014 as long as you\u2019ve met all other eligibility criteria. (Boundless has a detailed guide on naturalization eligibility requirements.)To determine your early-filing date, you must find the date on your green card (officially called a \u201cPermanent Resident Card\u201d); add three or five years, whichever is applicable; then subtract 90 days. (USCIS provides a calculator to help you determine your 90-day early filing date. For the \u201cAnniversary Date,\u201d you\u2019ll need to enter the date that is three or five years from the date on your Permanent Resident Card.)Let\u2019s assume, for instance, that you\u2019re a green card holder with no special circumstances, in which case your wait period is five years. If the date on your Permanent Resident Card is January 1, 2013, then you become eligible for naturalization on January 1, 2018. Ninety days before that would be October 3, 2017, which is the earliest date you\u2019d be able to file.IMPORTANT: You cannot actually become a U.S. citizen until after you\u2019ve waited the full three or five years. Filing early just gives you a head start on the process.When completing your naturalization application through Boundless, you\u2019ll simply answer a series of questions online \u2014 typically within just an hour (compared with days or weeks the traditional way) \u2014 and the completed forms arrive at your doorstep. \n Let\u2019s begin!All naturalization applicants must include supporting documents with their Form N-400. If you file your application online, you will need to upload digital copies (scans or photos) of these documents to your online USCIS account.Required documents for all applicants include:A copy of your green card (Form I-551, officially called the \u201cPermanent Resident Card\u201d) Application fee payment (by check or money order, with your A-Number written on the back, or by credit card using Form G-1450)Some applicants must submit additional supporting documents with their N-400, based on their particular circumstances, including:Proof of your current marital status, if you\u2019re married or were previously married (marriage certificate, divorce papers, annulment certificate(s), and\/or death certificate(s) for former spouses) Two 2-inch-by-2-inch passport-style photos, if you live and are applying from abroad Form N-426, officially called the \u201cRequest for Certification of Military or Naval Service,\u201d if you\u2019re applying for based on your military service Form N-648, officially called the \u201cMedical Certification for Disability Exceptions,\u201d if you\u2019re applying for an exemption to the U.S. citizenship test based on a qualifying medical conditionFiling your application package is only the first step of the naturalization process. It could be several months or more until you obtain U.S. citizenship. Boundless will guide you through to the end, helping you stay on top of interview preparation, follow-on forms, and every other important milestone along the way. \n Ready to start your application?You can follow these tips to help ensure a smooth N-400 application process (if you\u2019re filing by mail):Do\u2019s:Do use black ink only. USCIS is very particular about the color of ink used to complete an application, which is why it\u2019s best to fill out the form electronically then print it afterward or use a service like Boundless, which will print out all your forms and documents, assembled precisely how the government prefers (learn more about \n our services). If you decide to complete your application by hand, make sure to use the correct color of ink to prevent any delays.Do review your Form N-400 before filing. It\u2019s important to make sure that all of your answers are correct and all supporting documents are included with your application before you send your materials to the U.S. government. Any missing information or document could delay processing. Worse, it could lead to a denial of your application \u2014 based on a new USCIS policy that raises the stakes of completing immigration applications accurately the first time \u2014 which means you would need to go through the process again and pay the filing fee a second time.Do provide translations. If any of your supporting documents was produced in a language other than English, you will need to obtain a certified English translation of that document with your N-400 application.Don\u2019ts:Don\u2019t clutter your form. Do not highlight, cross out, or type or write beyond the space provided for your answer. If you need to correct your answer to a question, it\u2019s best to complete a fresh N-400 form. USCIS prefers this instead of using correcting fluid or tape to correct an error. USCIS scans information from the application, and their machines may detect text that\u2019s covered by the correcting fluid or tape, which could potentially lead to errors and processing delays.Don\u2019t submit unnecessary paperwork. The Form N-400 instructions will clearly indicate which documents are required to be submitted as photocopies versus originals. If you submit original copies of documents that USCIS did not specifically request or require, you may not get these back, as USCIS may destroy them immediately upon receiving them.Don\u2019t forget to sign! If your signature is missing from your application when USCIS receives it, they will most likely reject (that is, refuse to accept) your application and ask you to send a new one. A recent USCIS policy change, however, makes it imperative to follow all USCIS instructions carefully, as a single mistake or missing document could lead to a denial of your application. That means you would need to re-apply and pay another $725 to process your paperwork (unless you qualify for a fee reduction or waiver).With Boundless, you get an independent immigration lawyer who will review your entire application package to make sure it\u2019s accurate and complete. Only after this independent lawyer has confirmed the readiness of your application package will Boundless mail it to you for filing with the federal government. The attorney will also answer any extra questions you might have \u2014 for no additional fee. \n Learn more, or \n start your application today!What should I do if I\u2019ve moved since filing my application?If you move after filing your N-400, you must notify USCIS within 10 days of relocating to your new address. This ensures that you will not miss any notices that USCIS sends to you by mail. (See the USCIS website for address-change instructions.)I\u2019m currently in college. What should I put down on my application as my physical and mailing addresses?The current physical address that you\u2019ll need to use depends on where you plan to attend your future citizenship interview and exam appointment. The location of your appointment will be determined by your ZIP code. If, for instance, you attend college in San Antonio, Texas but live in Houston, you would need to provide your ZIP code in San Antonio if you want to attend your interview and exam at the USCIS field office in San Antonio or your ZIP code in Houston if you prefer the Houston field office.As for your mailing address, you must use the address where you\u2019d like to receive all written correspondence from USCIS. Because these letters contain sensitive information, many people prefer to use their actual home address to receive their mail. In our example above, for instance, you may find it more comforting to receive these letters at your home address in Houston rather than at a temporary school address, especially if you\u2019ll be leaving school within the next couple of years.\n\n \n Boundless \u2014 for people who want the expertiseof an immigration lawyer, not the price tag.\n \n \n \n Check My Eligibility\n \n \n \n Learn what we do for you\n \n \n \nRELATED INFORMATIONWhat Is Naturalization?How to Avoid Naturalization TrapsRequirements for U.S. CitizenshipThe Benefits of Becoming a Naturalized AmericanWhat Is the Cost of Naturalization?How Long Does It Take to Naturalize?How Do I Prepare for the Naturalization Interview?Sample Naturalization Interview Questions to Help You PrepareHow Do I Prepare for the Naturalization Exam?Supporting Documents for CitizenshipNaturalization Oath of Allegiance CeremonyWhat Is Dual Citizenship?","excerpt":"What is Form N-400?Form N-400 (officially called the \u201cApplication for Naturalization\u201d) is a government form used by green card holders who are ready to apply for U.S. citizenship after meeting certain eligibility requirements.Filing this form with U.S. Citizenship and Immigration","permalink":"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/immigration-resources\/form-n-400-explained\/"},{"id":4867,"title":"U.S. Citizenship Interview Questions","subtitle":"Citizenship Interview Question Samples to Help You Prepare","body":"U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) officers typically draw naturalization interview questions directly from your responses on your Application for Naturalization (Form N-400). In some cases, they may also ask questions related to the contents of your \u201cA-File.\u201d The rest of the questions are those you studied for the citizenship exam.This guide is intended to familiarize you with the questions that are typically asked by a USCIS officer during the citizenship interview. It is not a comprehensive list of every possible interview question.For the flat rate of $395, Boundless helps you complete your entire naturalization application, including interview preparation, independent attorney review, and support from the moment you file your application until you obtain U.S. citizenship. Learn more about \n our services, or \n get started today. You can also \n check your eligibility for naturalization through Boundless without providing any personal information.The following is a sample of possible naturalization interview questions (organized by category). You will not be asked all of these questions. Most will already be familiar to you because you\u2019ve previously answered the same questions in your citizenship application.Although some questions might seem unimportant, such as those in the first two categories, we have listed them in this guide because USCIS officers observe responses to every question, no matter how simple, as part of the citizenship speaking test.GREETING THE USCIS OFFICERHow are you? How are you feeling? How are you doing today?BEING PLACED UNDER OATHDo you promise to tell the truth and nothing but the truth, so help you God? Do you understand what an \u201coath\u201d means?BASIC PERSONAL INFORMATIONWhat is your name? Have you used any other names? Do you want to legally change your name? When is your birthday? Where were you born? What is your race? Are you Hispanic or Latino?PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTESHow tall are you? What color are your eyes? What color is your hair?FAMILY HISTORYWhat is your mother\u2019s name? What is your father\u2019s name? Is your mother or father a U.S. citizen? When did they become U.S. citizens? Were they married before you turned 18 years old? How many children do you have? What are their names? Where were your children born? Where do they currently live? Is your child your biological child, stepchild, or adopted child? When are their birthdays?RELATIONSHIP HISTORYAre you currently single, married, divorced, or widowed? What is the name of your current spouse? When and where were you married? Is your spouse a U.S. citizen? What is your spouse\u2019s country of citizenship or nationality? When is your spouse\u2019s birthday? Is your spouse in the military? What is your spouse\u2019s current job? Where does your spouse currently work? How many times have you been married? When did your previous marriage end? How many times has your spouse been married? How did your spouse\u2019s marriage to their previous spouse end?MILITARY SERVICEHave you ever served in the U.S. military? Have you ever left the United States to avoid being drafted into the military? Have you ever applied for an exemption from military service? Have you ever deserted from the military (left before discharge)? Have you lived in the United States or received your green card at any time between the ages of 18 and 26? If so, did you register for Selective Service? (if you\u2019re male) When did you register with Selective Service? (if you\u2019re male) Why didn\u2019t you register with Selective Service? (if you\u2019re male)IMMIGRATION STATUSAre you a citizen of [name of your home country]? When were you approved for your green card (permanent residence)? How long have you had your green card (permanent resident card)?TRIPS ABROADHow many times have you left the United States since you became a green card holder\/permanent resident? Did any of your trips abroad last six months or longer? What were the reasons you needed to take trips abroad? When was your last trip outside the United States? Which countries did you visit? Do you remember the day you returned to the United States?RESIDENTIAL HISTORYWhere do you currently live? How long have you lived there? Where else have you lived in the past five (or three) years? When did you live there?EMPLOYMENT AND EDUCATION HISTORYWhere do you currently work? What is your current job? Where else have you worked in the past five (or three) years? When did you work there? Where did you last attend school? What is the name of your school? When did you attend that school?INCOME TAX OBLIGATIONSHave you ever not filed an income tax return since becoming a green card holder? If yes, did you consider yourself a \u201cnon-resident\u201d of the United States? Have you ever claimed to be a \u201cnon-resident\u201d on a federal, state, or local income tax return since becoming a green card holder? Do you owe any taxes to the federal government or to a state or local government?PERSONAL ETHICSHave you ever claimed to be a U.S. citizen? Have you ever voted or registered to vote in a federal, state, or local election in the United States? Have you ever attacked, discriminated against, or denied the rights of another person because of their nationality, race, religious beliefs, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion? Do you support the U.S. Constitution and the U.S. government? Will you obey the laws of the United States? Do you understand and are you willing to take the Oath of Allegiance to the United States? If necessary, would you be willing to defend the United States in a war? If necessary, would you be willing to perform noncombatant (civilian) services in the U.S. military or work of national importance in a civilian capacity?QUESTIONS ABOUT YOUR AFFILIATIONS WITH OR MEMBERSHIPS IN CERTAIN ORGANIZATIONSHave you ever been a member of nobility in any country other than the United States? If so, would you be willing to give up your title of nobility upon swearing your allegiance to the United States? Have you ever been associated with or a member of any organization, association, fund foundation, party, club, or similar group anywhere in the world? (If you answer \u201cyes,\u201d you may also be asked to the name the group, its purpose, and when you were involved.) Have you ever been associated with or a member of the Communist Party, the Nazi Party, or a terrorist organization?QUESTIONS ABOUT LEGAL ISSUESThe questions related to legal issues are too numerous to list in this guide, but include, for example, questions related to:Any previous arrests, citations, charges, convictions, and incarceration Involvement in police, rebel, or vigilante groups Immigration violations (such as unlawful entry or presence or overstaying)All such questions can be found under \u201cPart 12. Additional Information About You (Person Applying for Naturalization)\u201d of Form N-400. Your responses to these questions are used to determine whether you have met the \u201cgood moral character\u201d requirement of naturalization.OTHER POSSIBLE QUESTIONSDo you understand why you are being interviewed? Why do you want to become a U.S. citizen? Have you ever been declared legally incompetent or been confined to a mental institution? Questions you studied for the citizenship exam (see this guide for more details)If you anticipate answering \u201cyes\u201d to any of the questions about legal issues or about affiliations with or memberships in certain organizations \u2014 except about a title of nobility \u2014 it\u2019s essential to seek legal assistance before you apply for naturalization. The American Immigration Lawyers Association (AILA) can help find a licensed immigration attorney near you. Alternatively, the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) accredits certain nonprofit organizations that provide low-cost or free immigration legal services.Do you have confidential questions about how your personal history as a green card holder might affect your citizenship application? With Boundless, you get an experienced, independent immigration attorney who will answer your questions and review all of your application materials \u2014 for no additional fee. \n Learn more, or \n start your application today. You can also \n check your eligibility for citizenship through Boundless, without providing any personal or financial information.Every green card holder in the United States has what is called an \u201cA-File\u201d (short for \u201cAlien Registration Number\u201d) \u2014 basically an official collection of records \u2014 that USCIS uses to track a green card holder\u2019s immigration history. USCIS identifies your A-File using your A-Number (short for \u201cAlien Registration Number,\u201d which you can find on your green card).Your A-File contains records of all communications and interactions between you and USCIS, plus communications about you that USCIS has had with other government agencies, such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) or the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS).These records generally include the following:Records of when and how you became a green card holder Records of green card applications and supporting documents for any family members you\u2019ve sponsored Records of other forms and documents you\u2019ve submitted to USCIS, such as for work and travel permits Records of previous encounters with law enforcement and immigration proceedings (such as a deportation hearing), if anyYou can generally request these records by submitting a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request to USCIS (see FOIA.gov for instructions on filing a FOIA request).Boundless helps you stay on top of interview preparation, follow-on forms, and every other important milestone along the way. \n Learn more, or \n get started today.\n\n \n Boundless \u2014 for people who want the expertiseof an immigration lawyer, not the price tag.\n \n \n \n Check Your Eligibility\n \n \n \n Learn what we do for you\n \n \n \nRELATED INFORMATIONThe Naturalization InterviewThe Naturalization ProcessThe U.S. Citizenship Application (Form N-400)What Are the Requirements for Naturalization?The Advantages of Becoming a Naturalized CitizenHow Much Does Naturalization Cost?How Long Will It Take to Become a U.S. Citizen?Preparing for the Naturalization TestCitizenship Supporting DocumentsTaking the Citizenship Oath of AllegianceImmigration FAQ","excerpt":"U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) officers typically draw naturalization interview questions directly from your responses on your Application for Naturalization (Form N-400). In some cases, they may also ask questions related to the contents of your \u201cA-File.\u201d The rest","permalink":"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/immigration-resources\/u-s-citizenship-interview-questions\/"},{"id":2823,"title":"How to Get a Copy of Your Lost I-94 Travel Record","subtitle":"Where to get an I-94 copy to prove lawful entry and status in the United States","body":"If you\u2019re applying for a marriage-based green card from within the United States, you must prove that you are eligible for one. To do this, your travel documents must show that you entered the country lawfully and have maintained lawful status \u2014 meaning you\u2019ve been documented \u2014 while waiting for your case to be approved. (Undocumented spouses may still be eligible for a marriage-based green card, but it\u2019s important to understand the rules for this situation.)In this guide, we\u2019ll walk you through the steps to requesting a copy of your I-94 travel record (officially called the \u201cForm I-94 Arrival\/Departure Record\u201d) or the visa from your passport if you cannot locate them. We\u2019ll also cover alternative options if these documents are not available.Boundless prints out all your forms and documents, assembled precisely how the government prefers. We mail the whole package to your doorstep, ready for you to sign and send to the correct government address. \n Learn more, or \n get started today!Who must submit a copy of their travel documents?Only the spouse seeking a green card from within the United States must submit their travel documents to the U.S. government. They must also bring these documents to their green card interview.Which travel documents are required in order to prove lawful U.S. entry and status?The I-94 travel record generally suffices to prove both lawful U.S. entry and status. This document is issued by a U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) officer and attached to your passport when you enter the United States.You should also provide, however, a photocopy of your passport page containing the admission stamp issued by a U.S. immigration officer and the page with your visa \u2014 if they\u2019re available \u2014 in order to further prove lawful entry.With Boundless, you get an independent immigration attorney to answer all of your questions \u2014 including those about your I-94 travel record and other green card documents \u2014 for no additional fee. \n Let\u2019s get started!If you cannot locate either your passport containing your admission stamp and visa or your I-94 travel record, you may request these records from U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), but the method you must follow depends on when you arrived in the United States:If you entered the United States before April 2013, you may request a replacement of your I-94 by submitting Form I-102 (officially called the \u201cApplication for Replacement\/Initial Nonimmigrant Arrival-Departure Document\u201d). You must mail your completed form to USCIS and pay a filing fee of $445. If you entered the United States after April 2013, you may request a copy of your most recent I-94 and travel history from the past five years from CBP. There is no cost for this service.Although the above options are the fastest ways to obtain your records, you may instead request the release of your records under the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA). Processing this request, however, can take up to one year.There are three ways to submit a FOIA request:Complete an online form. The U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) provides an online submission form that it will forward to U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) once completed. Alternatively, you can make the same request to U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), but CBP generally processes such requests much faster. Complete a paper form. USCIS also provides a paper form (G-639) for this procedure, but it is generally not required and takes much longer than an online request through CBP. If you choose this option, you must follow the specific instructions on the form. Write to USCIS. If you prefer, you can also write your request and mail or fax it to the National Records Center of USCIS.If you choose the third option, you must submit your request with the following:Your full name, address, and phone number A detailed description of the records you seek (be as specific as possible) A statement of your willingness to pay any fees (currently up to $25) associated with the request Your signature witnessed by a notary publicBoundless makes it easy to complete your green card application, guiding you through all the documents you need to submit. \n Learn how we can help you, or \n get started now.If you cannot produce your travel records through one of the above options, DHS will presume that you entered the United States unlawfully (officially termed \u201cwithout inspection\u201d). In such cases, you must instead submit both of the following:A notarized personal affidavit (written statement) in which you fully explain why the documents are not available Any other evidence that supports your claim that you entered the United States lawfully (for example, an airline receipt of your plane ticket, your boarding pass from the day you traveled to the United States, or a copy of one of your parents\u2019 passports showing an admission stamp and visa if you arrived with them)If other evidence is also not available, you must submit at least two additional notarized personal affidavits (written statements) from other people who have personal knowledge of your lawful entry to the United States.All affidavits, including those from you and other people, should explain the following in detail:When and where you entered the United States What travel documents you had, if any Whether you showed your travel documents to the U.S. immigration officer who inspected you Any questions the immigration officer asked you Any other details you can provide about your entry to the United StatesWith Boundless, you can easily organize all of your documents and keep them together securely online in one place. \n Ready to start?\n\n \n Boundless \u2014 for people who want the expertiseof an immigration lawyer, not the price tag.\n \n \n \n Check My Eligibility\n \n \n \n Learn what we do for you\n \n \n \nRELATED INFORMATIONWhat Documents Do We Need for a Marriage Green Card?Top 10 Hard-to-Find Immigration Documents and How to Get ThemHow to Get a Copy of Your Birth CertificateHow to Get a Copy of Your Marriage CertificateHow Do I Get a Copy of My Divorce Decree?How to Get Military RecordsHow to Obtain a Police Clearance CertificateHow to Obtain Court Records and Police ReportsTranslating Your Immigration Documents into English","excerpt":"If you\u2019re applying for a marriage-based green card from within the United States, you must prove that you are eligible for one. To do this, your travel documents must show that you entered the country lawfully and have maintained lawful","permalink":"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/immigration-resources\/get-copy-lost-i94-travel-record\/"},{"id":4366,"title":"The Employment Verification Letter, Explained","subtitle":"How to request proof of employment for visa or green card applications","body":"An employment verification letter (EVL) is generally requested by an organization, such as a bank or landlord, to verify your current (or previous) job status and other details about your employment. The letter can also serve as supporting evidence for immigration purposes, such as when you\u2019re applying for a green card or other visa.Known by other terms \u2014 for example, \u201cexperience letter\u201d or \u201cverification of employment\u201d (VOE) \u2014 this letter should not be confused with the Employment Authorization Document, or EAD, commonly known as the \u201cwork permit.\u201dIn this guide, we\u2019ll discuss the various uses of the employment verification letter (in an immigration context), how to request one, what information it should contain, and how it\u2019s typically formatted. We\u2019ve also prepared free printable employment verification letter templates you can customize.Boundless prints out all your forms and documents \u2014 including your employment verification letter \u2014 assembled precisely how the government prefers. We mail the whole package to your doorstep, ready for you to sign and send to the correct government address. We even provide the envelope and cover the shipping fee. \n Learn more, or \n get started now.An employment verification letter is often required as evidence in immigration applications. Common situations include:Applying for a marriage-based green cardIf you\u2019re the sponsoring spouse (the U.S. citizen or green card holder) on a marriage green card application, you\u2019ll need to submit a financial support form (Form I-864, officially called the \u201cAffidavit of Support\u201d) to U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS). This form proves that you have sufficient financial resources to support the spouse seeking a green card.With this form, it\u2019s important to provide supporting financial documents, such as an individual federal income-tax return, forms W-2 or 1099 (whichever is applicable), pay stubs (if employed), and an employment verification letter. The letter is especially important if you\u2019ve recently switched jobs or if you\u2019re combining your income with your spouse.Self-employed green card sponsorsImmigration officers primarily rely on a sponsoring spouse\u2019s individual federal income-tax return for evaluating a marriage-based green card application, but some situations call for additional evidence to prove your eligibility to sponsor. This is especially true if you\u2019re self-employed.If you can\u2019t provide a Form W-2 as financial evidence because you\u2019re a business owner or an independent contractor, USCIS will still require an employment verification letter. You, however, must draft and sign the letter yourself. It generally should include the same information that would appear in a standard employment verification letter from an employer (see below for more details). It\u2019s also a good idea to have the letter notarized, considering that the letter would be coming from you personally.Keep in mind that self-employed sponsors are often required to submit significantly more supporting evidence than would otherwise be necessary with a letter from a traditional employer. This additional evidence can include proof of your business\u2019 existence (such as a state business registration or business bank account documents), contracts with clients, payment receipts from clients, and a corporate income-tax return.Applying for a tourist visaA B-2 visitor visa allows a traveler from another country to enter the United States temporarily as a tourist. When applying for this visa, USCIS will want to make sure that you:Have solid ties and will return to your home country after visiting the United States. Have the ability to financially support yourself during your trip to the United States.An employment verification letter can prove that you\u2019re employed in your home country and therefore have a job waiting for you upon your return. It can also prove that you earn an income through your employment, which will allow you to financially support yourself while you\u2019re touring the United States. (Boundless has more details on proving strong connections with your home country and sufficient resources.)Applying for a work visaThere are multiple types of visas that allow people from other countries to work in the United States. Among these are the H-1B visa and the L-1A\/L-1B intracompany transfer visa. For each of these visa categories, the purpose of the employment verification letter will be slightly different, but the focus of both letters should be your job experience.Although not all H-1B visa applications require prior experience, USCIS will want to see your employment history. Evidence of this commonly includes your r\u00e9sum\u00e9 or CV (curriculum vitae) but also an employment verification letter. In the L category, on the other hand, your eligibility for the visa not only depends on your ability to perform the duties of the position you seek, but also a minimum of one year\u2019s experience prior to applying.Applying for an employment-based green cardAn employment-based green card generally requires an employment verification letter. Your eligibility for this type of green card strongly depends on your work experience, especially if the prospective employer indicates that past experience for the job is required.Often more detailed and technical than an employment verification letter for a B-1 or B-2 visa, for example, the letter for an employment-based green card must describe your previous responsibilities in your previous jobs, in addition to your titles and dates of employment. The information in the letter is critical and can often mean the difference between approval and denial of your green card.Applying for a temporary business visaB-1 visas are intended for \u201cTemporary Business Visitors\u201d to the United States with (as you can guess) business-related purposes. Those purposes, however, may not involve doing actual work or receiving a salary from a U.S. source. Business visitors often come to attend meetings and seminars, negotiate contracts with business associates, appear as a guest speaker or lecturer, participate in training, or to purchase goods or property.With a B-1 visa, you will need an employment verification letter to confirm your job status with your employer abroad and to describe the activities you\u2019ll be participating in while in the United States. The letter should clearly state that you\u2019re entering the United States only for a short visit, solely to engage in the activities described in the letter, and that you will not be working for or receiving payment from a U.S. source.With Boundless, you get the confidence of an independent immigration attorney who will review all of your materials and answer any questions you have \u2014 for no additional fee. Learn more about \n how Boundless can help you, or \n start your application today.Although there\u2019s no specific format required for the employment verification letter, it\u2019s important to include the required details that the government needs to see. Some letters will require more detail than others, depending on the situation. But much of the information will generally be the same. It\u2019s also important to ensure the accuracy of the letter \u2014 especially when submitting it as proof on a green card or visa application \u2014 to avoid delays or denial.The letter should be written on your employer\u2019s letterhead (or your own, if you\u2019re self-employed), and the body should include the following key information (see below for templates):Dates of your employment Your job title Your annual salary A description of your responsibilities (see \u201cWhen It\u2019s Needed\u201d above for situations that commonly require this information)The signature line should include the drafter\u2019s signature, full printed name, and official title.IMPORTANT: Notarization is not required but is generally recommended.Boundless helps you understand what documents you need, and keep them all together securely online. Find out more about \n what Boundless does, or \n let\u2019s begin!There are different ways to request an employment verification letter from a current or former employer:Ask your supervisor or manager. This is often the easiest way to request the letter. Just make sure to provide full details and context. Contact Human Resources. Some companies have formal processes that require going through the human resources department. Get a template from the company or organization requesting the letter. Sometimes, the people requesting the letter will provide their own template because it contains specific information they want. (USCIS does not provide a template for immigration applications.) Use an employment verification service. If it\u2019s particularly difficult to get the letter from your employer, it may be easier to use a service that sends them your request. Some companies also use these services to streamline these types of processes. Ask your employer if the company is registered with a service like InVerify (provides a specific employment verification letter for immigration purposes) or The Work Number.Boundless prepares you for success. We stay with you until the finish line \u2014 helping you respond to government questions and get ready for your green card interview. \n Ready to start?The following are employment verification letter samples that can be customized based on whether you currently or previously worked for the employer drafting the letter.From current employer(You can also download this customizable template.)Note: Unless your employer is using letterhead, the letter should also include your employer\u2019s information (the first three lines of the following template).[Employer\u2019s name][Employer\u2019s address][Employer\u2019s city, state, and ZIP code][Date][Recipient\u2019s name][Recipient\u2019s address][Recipient\u2019s city, state, and ZIP code]RE: Employment verification for [your full name]To Whom It May Concern:This letter confirms that [your full name] has been employed [part-\/full-time] as [a\/an] [your job title\/position] at [company name] for the past [how long you\u2019ve worked there]. [He\/she] was hired on [date]. [His\/her] current gross annual salary is $[amount].Please feel free to contact me at [company official\u2019s phone number] if you have any questions or require additional information.Sincerely,[Signature of company official][Company official\u2019s full name][Company official\u2019s title][Optional notarization]From previous employer(You can also download this customizable template.)Note: Unless your employer is using letterhead, the letter should also include your employer\u2019s information (the first three lines of the following template).[Employer\u2019s name][Employer\u2019s address][Employer\u2019s city, state, and ZIP code][Date][Recipient\u2019s name][Recipient\u2019s address][Recipient\u2019s city, state, and ZIP code]RE: Employment verification for [your full name]To Whom It May Concern:This letter confirms that [your full name] was employed [part-\/full-time] as [a\/an] [your job title\/position] at [company name] from [start date] to [end date]. As of [end date], [his\/her] gross annual salary was $[amount].Please feel free to contact me at [company official\u2019s phone number] if you have any questions or require additional information.Sincerely,[Signature of company official][Company official\u2019s full name] [Company official\u2019s title][Optional notarization]Boundless helps you avoid common problems, such as forgetting to include an important supporting document (like the employment verification letter) or placing it in the wrong section of the application package, which can cause delays or even denial. \n Learn more, or \n get started now.\n\n \n Boundless \u2014 for people who want the expertiseof an immigration lawyer, not the price tag.\n \n \n \n Check My Eligibility\n \n \n \n Learn what we do for you\n \n \n \n\nRELATED INFORMATIONHow to Fill in Your Employment History on a Green Card ApplicationDocuments Needed for a Marriage Green CardHow to Avoid Receiving a Request for Evidence (RFE)Where to Look for Hard-to-Find Immigration DocumentsCan You Work with a Pending Green Card Application?Applying for a Work Permit","excerpt":"An employment verification letter (EVL) is generally requested by an organization, such as a bank or landlord, to verify your current (or previous) job status and other details about your employment. The letter can also serve as supporting evidence for","permalink":"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/immigration-resources\/employment-verification-letter-explained\/"},{"id":272,"title":"Getting Your Marriage Green Card, from Start to Finish","subtitle":"Detailed guides for each of the four main pathways to a spousal visa","body":"A spouse seeking a marriage-based green card must generally follow one of four different pathways, based on where they live and whether their spouse is a U.S. citizen or permanent resident (green card holder).Boundless has produced a detailed guide for each pathway, so you can understand what to expect and then navigate the immigration system with confidence.Which marriage-based immigration guide best describes your situation?Living in the United States and Married to a U.S. CitizenLiving in the United States and Married to\u00a0a U.S. Green Card HolderLiving Abroad and Married to a U.S. CitizenLiving Abroad and Married to a U.S. Green Card Holder","excerpt":"A spouse seeking a marriage-based green card must generally follow one of four different pathways, based on where they live and whether their spouse is a U.S. citizen or permanent resident (green card holder).Boundless has produced a detailed guide for","permalink":"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/immigration-resources\/guides\/"},{"id":18,"title":"Marriage Green Cards, Explained","subtitle":"How to get a green card through marriage","body":"Congratulations on your marriage!If you and your spouse plan to live permanently together in the United States, the next big thing on your mind may be applying for a marriage green card.What is a marriage green card?A marriage green card allows the spouse of a U.S. citizen or green card holder to live and work anywhere in the United States. A green card holder will have \u201cpermanent resident\u201d status until they decide \u2014 if they wish \u2014 to apply for U.S. citizenship, for which they become eligible after three years.How do I get a marriage green card?Getting a green card through marriage is generally a three-step process:Establish the marriage relationship (Form I-130) Apply for the green card (Form I-485 or Form DS-260) Attend the green card interview and awaiting approvalThis guide will walk you through each step, with links to more detailed information along the way. (For even more details specific to your own situation, check out these start-to-finish marriage green card guides from Boundless. You can also view the types of questions that you\u2019re likely to encounter on a marriage green card application.)Boundless makes it easy to complete your green card application. With our online tool, all the required forms for your situation become simple questions you can answer in a short amount of time \u2014 typically under two hours. \n Learn more, or \n get started now!Establishing the marriage relationship (Form I-130)The first step in the process of getting a green card through marriage is to submit Form I-130 (officially called the \u201cPetition for Alien Relative\u201d) to U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), which is part of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security.The main purpose of the I-130 form, along with supporting documents, is to establish that a valid marriage exists.The spouse filing the I-130 is called the \u201cpetitioner\u201d or \u201csponsor.\u201d This is the spouse who is a U.S. citizen or current green card holder. The spouse seeking a green card is called the \u201cbeneficiary\u201d or \u201cgreen card applicant.\u201dCritical elements of a complete I-130 filing package include:Government filing fee of $535 Proof that the sponsoring spouse is a U.S. citizen (copy of the sponsor\u2019s birth certificate, naturalization certificate, or valid U.S. passport photo page, for example) or permanent resident (copy of the sponsor\u2019s green card, for example) Proof that a legally valid marriage exists (for example, a marriage certificate showing the names of both spouses, as well as the place and date of the marriage) Proof that the marriage is not fraudulent (for example, a joint lease, joint bank account statements, and pictures together) Proof that any previous marriage of either spouse has been terminated (typically, a divorce document)Once the I-130 filing package is complete, it must be mailed to the appropriate USCIS address. USCIS will then send the sponsoring spouse an official acknowledgement (or \u201creceipt notice\u201d) in the mail, typically within two weeks.If USCIS needs more information or documents to process the filing package, they will send the sponsoring spouse a Request for Evidence (RFE) within 2\u20133 months. Once USCIS has everything they need, they will typically make a decision on the I-130 application within 7\u201315 months, depending on the couple\u2019s situation.After receiving notice that the I-130 form has been approved, the next step will be to determine whether the spouse seeking a green card is eligible for one.With Boundless, you get the confidence of an independent immigration attorney who will review all of your materials and answer any questions you have \u2014 for no additional fee. Learn more about \n how we can help you, or \n get started now!Establishing the spouse\u2019s eligibility for a green cardThe U.S. government follows two different processes to determine a spouse\u2019s eligibility for a marriage-based green card. The right process depends on where that spouse currently lives:FOR GREEN CARD APPLICANTS LIVING IN THE UNITED STATESIf the spouse seeking a green card physically lives in the United States, the next step is to file Form I-485 (officially called the \u201cAdjustment of Status\u201d application). The I-485 is filed with USCIS, and its primary purpose is to establish that the spouse is eligible for a green card.Critical elements of an I-485 filing package include:Government filing fees of $1,225 (including $1,140 for the green card application and $85 for biometrics) Proof of nationality of the spouse seeking a green card (copy of birth certificate and passport photo page) Proof of lawful entry to the United States by the spouse seeking a green card (copy of I-94 travel record and prior U.S. visa) Medical examination performed by a USCIS-approved doctor Proof of the sponsoring spouse\u2019s ability to financially support the spouse seeking a green card (including Form I-864, or \u201cAffidavit of Support,\u201d and evidence such as tax returns and pay stubs)For spouses of U.S. citizens, this I-485 filing package can usually be combined with the I-130 form and supporting documents described in Step 1 above (a process known as \u201cconcurrent filing\u201d). USCIS typically processes this concurrent filing within 9\u201311 months.For spouses of U.S. green card holders, however, the I-485 filing package cannot be submitted until the U.S. Department of State determines that a green card is available in the visa bulletin, given various annual caps. The wait time is currently about one and a half years, but this can vary by a few months, depending on the home country of the spouse seeking a green card. Once the I-485 filing package is submitted, USCIS will typically process it within 9\u201311 months.Boundless prints out all your forms and documents, assembled precisely how the government prefers. We mail the whole package to your doorstep, ready for you to sign and send to the correct government address. We even provide the envelope and cover the shipping fee. \n Ready to start?FOR GREEN CARD APPLICANTS LIVING ABROADThere is a different process to sponsor a green card for a spouse living abroad. The next step is to file an application package with the National Visa Center (NVC), which is run by the State Department. The NVC gathers the necessary forms and documents and decides whether the spouse is ready for an interview at a U.S. embassy or consulate abroad (a procedure known as \u201cconsular processing\u201d).Critical elements of an NVC filing package include:Government filing fees of $445 (including $120 for the financial support form and $325 for the State Department processing fee) Form DS-260 (green card application filed online) Proof of nationality of the spouse seeking a green card (copy of birth certificate and passport photo page) Copy of a police clearance certificate for the spouse seeking a green card (showing previous interactions with law enforcement, if any) Proof of the sponsoring spouse\u2019s ability to financially support the spouse seeking a green card (including Form I-864, or \u201cAffidavit of Support,\u201d and evidence such as tax returns and pay stubs)The NVC typically processes an application package within 3\u20135 months, and then forwards it to a U.S. embassy or consulate in the home country of the spouse seeking a green card.Boundless can help guide you through the entire marriage green card process. Read more about \n what you get with Boundless, or \n get started today.Attending the green card interview and awaiting approvalThe final step in the marriage-based green card process is the green card interview. The interviewing officer\u2019s primary goal is to assess the authenticity of the marriage. Questions can focus on the couple\u2019s relationship history, as well as their daily activities and future plans together. If the interviewing officer is sufficiently convinced that the marriage is not fraudulent, they will approve the spouse for a green card.The location of the interview \u2014 in addition to whether the sponsoring spouse must also attend \u2014 depends on where the spouse seeking a green card currently lives:DOES YOUR SPOUSE LIVE IN THE UNITED STATES?A spouse applying for a green card from within the United States will attend their interview with the sponsoring spouse at their local USCIS office. The physical green card will typically arrive by mail within 2-3 weeks of case approval.DOES YOUR SPOUSE LIVE ABROAD?A spouse applying for a green card from abroad will attend an interview at a U.S. embassy or consulate in their home country. The sponsoring spouse does not attend this interview.The spouse seeking a green card will then receive a visa stamp in their passport, allowing for travel to the United States. The USCIS Immigrant Fee ($220) must be paid online before a physical green card can be issued. (USCIS recommends paying this fee before the spouse leaves for the United States.) The green card is typically mailed to the couple\u2019s U.S. address within 2-3 weeks of the spouse\u2019s arrival.Boundless can help you stay on top of interview preparation and every other important milestone in the green card process. \n Let\u2019s go!What happens next depends on the length of the marriage at the time of green card approval:Have you been married for less than two years?The spouse will receive a CR1 (or \u201cconditional\u201d) green card. Conditional green cards are valid for only two years. Couples together must file Form I-751 (officially called the \u201cPetition to Remove Conditions on Residence\u201d) during the 90-day period immediately before the expiration of the conditional green card in order to \u201cremove the conditions\u201d and obtain a permanent green card. Upon receiving this form, USCIS will re-evaluate the couple\u2019s marriage to make sure it is authentic and that the couple did not marry only for immigration purposes.Have you been married for more than two years?The spouse will receive an IR1 (or \u201cimmediate relative\u201d) green card \u2014 a \u201cpermanent\u201d green card that is valid for 10 years. In most cases, renewing this 10-year green card is a simple process and does not require the couple to prove the authenticity of their marriage again.With Boundless, your satisfaction is 100% guaranteed. \n See how we help you.\n\n \n Boundless \u2014 for people who want the expertiseof an immigration lawyer, not the price tag.\n \n \n \n Check My Eligibility\n \n \n \n Learn what we do for you\n \n \n \nMore resources about Marriage Green CardsFianc\u00e9 Visa Vs. Marriage Green CardHow Long Does the Marriage Green Card Process Take?How Much Does a Marriage Visa (green card) Cost?What Documents Do I Need for a Marriage Green Card?What Is an Affidavit of Support?Questions to Expect in a Green Card ApplicationHow Does Adjustment of Status Compare with Consular Processing?","excerpt":"Congratulations on your marriage!If you and your spouse plan to live permanently together in the United States, the next big thing on your mind may be applying for a marriage green card.What is a marriage green card?A marriage green card","permalink":"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/immigration-resources\/marriage-based-green-cards-explained\/"},{"id":23,"title":"How Much Does a Marriage Green Card Cost in 2019?","subtitle":"Government fees and other common expenses for green card applications","body":"How much does it cost to apply for a marriage green card?The total cost of getting a green card through marriage is approximately $1,960 for an applicant living in the United States or $1,400 for an applicant living abroad. This includes mandatory U.S. government fees, which are nonrefundable, plus the typical cost of the required medical examination.The following chart breaks down both the fees you must pay directly to the government \u2014 in most cases, that\u2019s U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), unless otherwise noted \u2014 and to the physician who performs the required medical exam:Marriage Green Card Costs Fee Type Cost (to Applicant Living in the U.S.) Cost (to Applicant Living Abroad) Family Sponsorship Form (I-130) $535 $535 Green Card Application Form (I-485) $1,140 Form not required Financial Support Form (I-864) $0 $120 Work Permit Application Form (I-765) $0 Form not required Travel Permit Application Form (I-131) $0 Form not required Biometrics (Fingerprints & Photo) $85 $0 State Department Processing Fee not required $325 USCIS Immigrant Fee Fee not required $220 Medical Examination $200* $200* Total $1,960 $1,400 *The most typical cost for a medical exam is around $200, but this amount can vary significantly by provider. Boundless customers have reported prices ranging from $100 to $500. Our detailed guide to preparing for the medical exam\u00a0has more information.Also note that these government fees are only paid at the same time if you are\u00a0married to a U.S. citizen and living in the United States. For other scenarios, these fees will be paid several months apart, during different stages of the green card application process.You can use this calculator from USCIS to help you determine how much you\u2019ll need to pay.With Boundless, all the required forms listed above turn into simple questions you can answer in under two hours. \n Get started today.Beyond direct government fees and the medical exam fee, there are other green card costs to keep in mind:Vaccination fees: Should your medical exam require it, you may need to update your vaccinations before receiving your completed medical examination report. Like medical exam fees, vaccination costs will vary by provider.Translation services fees: If your green card application package includes any documents in a language other than English, you must also include a translation of each document, certified as accurate by the translator. The cost of these services will vary \u2014 for example, a certified translation of a one-page birth certificate might range between $20 and $40. Please note: Boundless does not currently provide translation services.Document fees: As part of the green card application process, you will be asked to submit digital or physical copies of supporting documents, such as a birth certificate, marriage certificate, and passport. You and your spouse will also need to bring the original copies when attending your final green card interview (either in the United States or at a U.S. embassy or consulate abroad). Government agencies generally charge fees for issuing certain official documents.Professional photography fees: To verify your identity and conduct background checks, the U.S. government will ask you to submit two recent 2-inch-by-2-inch photographs, which will vary in price by service provider. Although you are allowed to take your own photos, it\u2019s generally a good idea to use a professional photography service, and many drug stores provide passport-style photos for a relatively low fee.Travel expenses: When you attend your biometrics appointment, green card interview, and medical exam, the U.S. government will not reimburse you for the expenses you incur when traveling to these locations. The same is true if you must travel to various government agencies to obtain official documents.Shipping costs: At different stages of the green card application process, you will pay nominal charges for postage and mailing of your application and supporting documents.Boundless takes the hassle out of shipping your green card application \u2014 your complete application package arrives at your doorstep, ready for you to sign and drop back in the mail to the correct government address. We even provide the envelope and cover the shipping fee. \n Get started today.Boundless guides you through the entire marriage green card application process for a flat $750 fee that includes all of the following:A \n step-by-step online tool to complete the green card application package with confidence Live support with the U.S.-based Boundless team Independent immigration attorney review, with opportunities to ask questions A ready-to-submit green card application package, assembled precisely how the the government prefers, and mailed to your doorstep Helpful updates on your case status all the way until you get your green card 100% satisfaction guaranteeRead more about \n everything you get by using Boundless!\n\n \n Boundless \u2014 for people who want the expertiseof an immigration lawyer, not the price tag.\n \n \n \n Check My Eligibility\n \n \n \n Learn what we do for you\n \n \n \nRELATED INFORMATIONUnderstanding the Affidavit of Support (I-864)How to Get a Joint Sponsor for Your Green CardRequired Income for Marriage Green CardRequired Marriage Green Card DocumentationTimeline of Marriage Green Card ProcessMarriage Green Card Interview Questions","excerpt":"How much does it cost to apply for a marriage green card?The total cost of getting a green card through marriage is approximately $1,960 for an applicant living in the United States or $1,400 for an applicant living abroad. This","permalink":"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/immigration-resources\/marriage-green-card-cost\/"},{"id":24,"title":"What Documents Do We Need for a Marriage Green Card?","subtitle":"The documents needed to apply for a green card through marriage","body":"The documents required for a marriage green card vary by situation but generally include the following:Birth certificate Marriage certificate Financial documents Proof of sponsor\u2019s U.S. citizenship or permanent residence Proof of lawful U.S. entry and status, if applicable Police clearance certificate, if applicable Prior-marriage termination papers, if applicable Court, police, and prison records, if applicable Military records, if applicable Immigration violation records, if applicableIn the tables below, we\u2019ll discuss which documents are required for each of the most common marriage-based green card forms and who must submit them to the U.S. government. If you can\u2019t locate certain records, make sure to check out our detailed guide to obtaining hard-to-find immigration documents.Boundless prints out all your forms and documents, assembled precisely how the government prefers. We mail the whole package to your doorstep, with clear instructions on where to sign and send it to the U.S. government. We even provide the envelope and cover the shipping fee. Learn more about \n how we can help you, or \n get started today!To complete the family sponsorship form, or Form I-130\u00a0(officially called the \u201cPetition for Alien Relative\u201d), you must provide the following documents.Document Type Examples of Acceptable Documents Who Needs It? Proof of U.S. citizenship U.S. birth certificate Valid U.S. passport Naturalization Certificate Certificate of Citizenship Consular Report of Birth Abroad Sponsoring spouse who is a U.S. citizen Proof of green card holder (permanent resident) status Green card Passport issued in another country and bearing stamp of temporary permanent residence in the United States Sponsoring spouse who is a green card holder (permanent resident) Proof of valid marriage Marriage certificateAlso provide as many of the following as possible: Joint lease Joint bank account statements Photos of the couple together Both spouses Proof of termination of prior marriage(s), if any Divorce papers Death certificate of former spouse Certificate of annulment Both spouses Proof of official name change, if any Marriage certificate (usually sufficient) Court order of name change Adoption papers Both spouses Boundless can guide you through the entire marriage green card application process. Read more about \n what you get with Boundless, or \n get started today.To complete the green card application form, or Form I-485 (officially called the \u201cApplication to Register Permanent Residence or Adjust Status\u201d), the spouse seeking a green card from within the United States must provide the following documents.Document Type Examples of Acceptable Documents Proof of nationality Birth certificate issued in another country Passport issued in another country Proof of lawful U.S. entry and status Both of the following are required: U.S. visa I-94 travel record Records of previous interactions with law enforcement, if any Court, police, or prison records Records of previous immigration violations, if any Deportation document With Boundless, you get the confidence of an independent immigration attorney who will review all of your materials and answer any questions you have \u2014 for no additional fee. Learn more about \n how we can help you, or \n get started now!To complete the online green card application, or Form DS-260 (officially called the \u201cImmigrant Visa Electronic Application\u201d),\u00a0the spouse seeking a green card from abroad must provide the following documents.Document Type Examples of Acceptable Documents Proof of nationality Birth certificate issued in another country Passport issued in another country Proof of valid marriage Marriage certificate Proof of termination of prior marriage(s), if any Divorce papers Death certificate of former spouse Certificate of annulment Records of military service, if applicable DD-214 (if you served in the U.S. military) Other U.S. military service records Military service records from a country other than the United States Records of previous interactions with law enforcement, if any, or lack thereof Police clearance certificate Records of previous immigration violations, if any Deportation document Boundless makes it easy to complete your green card application. We turn all the required forms for your situation into simple questions you can answer in a short amount of time \u2014 typically under two hours. \n Learn more, or \n get started now!To complete the financial support form, or Form I-864 (officially called the \u201cAffidavit of Support\u201d), the sponsoring spouse (and any co-sponsors) must provide the following documents.Document Type Examples of Acceptable Documents Who Needs It? Proof of ability to financially support the spouse seeking a green card Copy of latest U.S. federal income tax return(If you do not meet the minimum income requirements for a marriage-based green card, you must provide additional documentation.) Sponsoring spouse and financial co-sponsor (if any) Proof of asset value (if you\u2019re counting your assets to meet the income requirements for a marriage-based green card) If using bank\/investment accounts: Ownership document of stocks, bonds, Certificates of Deposit (CDs), or other investment account Bank statementsIf using your home: Ownership document (such as title or deed) A recent appraisal by a licensed appraiser or a recent tax assessment A document showing the amount of every loan secured by a mortgage, trust deed, or other lien on the homeIf using your second vehicle: Ownership document (such as title or deed) for all vehicles, including the one you\u2019re including as an asset A recent appraisal by a licensed appraiser or a statement from the dealer indicating the vehicle\u2019s current value Sponsoring spouse, financial co-sponsor (if any), and spouse seeking a green card\u00a0 Not sure if you meet the income requirements for a marriage green card? With Boundless, you get an experienced, independent attorney to answer your questions and review your application materials, including the Affidavit of Support. \n Ready to start?To complete the work permit application, or Form I-765 (officially called the \u201cApplication for Employment Authorization Document,\u201d or EAD), the spouse seeking a green card from within the United States must provide the following documents.Document Type Examples of Acceptable Documents Who Needs It? Proof of lawful U.S. entry and status I-94 travel record Valid U.S. visa Passport issued in another country Spouse seeking a green card from within the United States Proof of pending marriage-based green card application Receipt notice (Form I-797C, or \u201cNotice of Action\u201d) Spouse seeking a green card from within the United States and married to a green card holder (Spouses of U.S. citizens typically file their work permit and green card applications at the same time.) Proof of previous authorization to work in the United States Prior work permit(s), if any Spouse seeking a green card from within the United States who has been issued a previous work permit Proof of nationality Birth certificate and photo ID Visa issued by the consulate of a country other than the United States Other national identity document with your photo and\/or fingerprint Spouse seeking a green card from within the United States who has not been issued a previous work permit Proof of identity Two 2-inch-by-2-inch passport-style photos* Spouse seeking a green card from within the United States *If you are submitting (or have already submitted) a set of two passport-style photos for your green card application and an additional set for your travel permit application, you do not need to submit a third set for your work permit application. You will need to provide only two total sets. If, however, you\u2019re married to a green card holder or if you\u2019re married to a U.S. citizen and file your work permit application after submitting your green card application (which would be unusual), then you will need to provide a new set with your work permit application.Boundless takes all the required government forms, including the work permit application, and turns them into simple questions you can answer online \u2014 typically in under two hours. \n Ready to start?To complete the travel permit application, or Form I-131 (officially called the \u201cApplication for Travel Document\u201d), the spouse seeking a green card from within the United States must provide the following documents.Document Type Examples of Acceptable Documents Who Needs It? Proof of identity (must show your name, date of birth, and photo) Green card Passport (photo page only) Current work permit, if available Valid government-issued driver\u2019s license Spouse seeking a green card from within the United States and married to a green card holder (Spouses of U.S. citizens typically file their work permit and green card applications at the same time.) Proof of present immigration status Valid U.S. visa Any other document issued by U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) showing your present status, if any, in the United States (such as Form I-797, or \u201cNotice of Action\u201d) Spouse seeking a green card from within the United States Proof of pending marriage-based green card application Receipt notice (Form I-797C, or \u201cNotice of Action\u201d) Spouse seeking a green card from within the United States and married to a green card holder (Spouses of U.S. citizens typically file their work permit and green card applications at the same time.) Additional proof of identity Two 2-inch-by-2-inch passport-style photos* Spouse seeking a green card from within the United States *If you are submitting (or have already submitted) a set of two passport-style photos for your green card application and an additional set for your travel permit application, you do not need to submit a third set for your work permit application. You will need to provide only two total sets. If, however, you\u2019re married to a green card holder or if you\u2019re married to a U.S. citizen and file your work permit application after submitting your green card application (which would be unusual), then you will need to provide a new set with your work permit application.With Boundless, you get a professionally assembled green card application package \u2014 including the travel permit application \u2014 arranged in the precise format the government prefers. \n Learn more, or \n get started now!Unavailable documentsIf you have trouble locating certain documents, you may be able to obtain official copies. If you cannot access copies, you will need to provide notarized statements from yourself and one or two other people. Boundless has a guide on providing secondary evidence when primary evidence (the documents listed above) is not available.Documents in a foreign languageIf some of your documents are written in a language other than English, you will need to obtain certified English translations and attach these to your documents.With Boundless, you get the confidence of an independent immigration attorney who will review all of your materials and answer any questions you have \u2014 for no additional fee. Learn more about \n how we can help you, or \n get started now!\n\n \n Boundless \u2014 for people who want the expertiseof an immigration lawyer, not the price tag.\n \n \n \n Check My Eligibility\n \n \n \n Learn what we do for you\n \n \n \nMarriage Green Cards, ExplainedHow is a Fianc\u00e9 Visa Different from a Marriage-Based Green Card?How Long Does It Take to Get a Marriage Green Card in the U.S.?What Are The Costs of a Marriage-Based Green Card?What Do I Get with Boundless?What\u2019s an Affidavit of Support?Preparing for the USCIS Spouse Green Card InterviewQuestions to Expect in a Green Card Application","excerpt":"The documents required for a marriage green card vary by situation but generally include the following:Birth certificate Marriage certificate Financial documents Proof of sponsor\u2019s U.S. citizenship or permanent residence Proof of lawful U.S. entry and status, if applicable Police clearance","permalink":"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/immigration-resources\/what-documents-for-marriage-green-card\/"},{"id":4632,"title":"Adjustment of Status vs. Consular Processing","subtitle":"Which green card application process is better, and when do you have a choice?","body":"When applying for a spousal visa\u00a0(marriage-based green card), the appropriate process to follow will depend on where the spouse seeking a green card currently lives.If they live and apply from within the United States, they\u2019ll go through a process known as \u201cadjustment of status.\u201d It is also referred to as \u201cconcurrent filing\u201d when the required paperwork \u2014 the family sponsorship form\u00a0(I-130) and adjustment of status application\u00a0(I-485) \u2014 are filed together (filing these separately is unusual in most cases). All applications filed from within the United States are handled by U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), which is part of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS).When the spouse seeking a green card lives and applies from abroad, however, the procedure to follow is known as \u201cconsular processing,\u201d because it involves officers at U.S. consulates and embassies. Applications filed from abroad are handled by the National Visa Center (NVC), which is part of the U.S. Department of State.Each process has its own timeline, as well as a different set of application forms, supporting documents, and costs, but the overall eligibility requirements are the same. While most couples have no choice between the two options, some couples may be in a position to decide for themselves whether one approach is better than the other for their specific circumstances and goals.In this guide, we\u2019ll discuss when you do and don\u2019t have a choice in the process, along with important considerations for each path.Boundless can help you obtain a marriage-based green card, whether you apply through adjustment of status or consular processing. We make it easy to complete your green card application by turning all the required government forms into simple questions you can answer online \u2014 typically in under two hours, compared with days or weeks the traditional way. \n Learn more, or \n get started now.Most couples don\u2019t actually have a choice in whether to apply for a marriage green card from within the United States or from abroad. Let\u2019s explore each scenario where a couple must follow one particular process:Adjustment of statusIf the sponsoring spouse is a green card holder (not a U.S. citizen), and the spouse seeking a green card lives and plans to stay in the United States while their green card application is pending, they would need to apply for adjustment of status.In this case, however, the spouse seeking a green card must be able to maintain a valid immigration status in the United States while they wait. Maintaining a valid immigration status means having a valid visa \u2014 such as an H-1B work visa or an F-1 student visa \u2014 until they\u2019ve filed their green card application (Form I-485). That\u2019s because they\u2019ll need to wait until a visa number becomes available before applying for the green card from within the United States. (Visa numbers are immediately available to spouses of U.S. citizens but not to spouses of green card holders.) In practice, this means that the spouse seeking a green card must have a valid visa for up to 2.5 years after filing the marriage-based green card application.\u00a0(Learn more from our detailed guide to the marriage-based green card timeline.)Consular processingIf the sponsoring spouse is a green card holder (not a U.S. citizen), and the spouse seeking a green card lives in the United States but cannot maintain a valid immigration status, they\u2019ll need to apply from abroad and follow the consular process. Not being able to maintain a valid immigration status means their current visa has expired or is due to expire, and they\u2019re unable to secure an extension or an entirely new visa before they file their\u00a0green card application (Form I-485).If they stay in the United States for six months or longer past their temporary visa\u2019s expiration date, they would be barred from re-entering the United States for three or 10 years once they leave and attempt to return (see this article for important details about the consequences of \u201coverstaying\u201d).They would also need to obtain a document called a \u201cwaiver of inadmissibility\u201d (basically, \u201cforgiveness\u201d from the U.S. government) before they leave the United States, which would allow them to avoid the three or 10-year bars to re-entry, so it\u2019s essential to leave the United States within six months of the temporary visa\u2019s expiration and continue the green card process from abroad.If the spouse seeking a green card lives abroad and does not have a valid visa to enter the United States, then they generally must apply from abroad and follow the consular process.The drawback here is that the couple may need to live apart while waiting for green card approval, though not necessarily the entire time. Although a spouse seeking a green card may technically visit their spouse in the United States with a tourist visa, this option is generally discouraged because of the risks involved. More importantly, if they visit the United States as a tourist and then apply for a green card while in the United States, they would potentially be violating U.S. immigration law. It\u2019s usually much easier for the sponsoring spouse to visit their spouse abroad.Boundless prints out all your marriage green card forms and documents, assembled precisely how the government prefers. We mail the whole package to your doorstep, ready for you to sign and send to the correct government address. We even provide the envelope and cover the shipping fee. \n Learn more, or \n get started now.Some couples may choose where and how to apply for a marriage-based green card. Let\u2019s discuss when one process may be a more suitable approach:Living in the United States with a valid visaIf the sponsoring spouse is a U.S. citizen, and the spouse seeking a green card lives in the United States and currently has valid immigration status (that is, they have a temporary visa, such as an H-1B work visa or an F-1 student visa, that has not expired), they can choose between adjustment of status and consular processing.The best option depends on the couple\u2019s goals for the next year or two:Option 1: Apply from abroad through consular processingThis is generally the best option if, before settling in the United States, the spouse seeking a green card wants to spend a year in their home country for any reason (for example, to finish their education or sell their home).Option 2: Apply from within the United States through an adjustment of statusThis is generally the best option if the spouse seeking a green card wants to stay in the United States while their green card application is pending. The spouse seeking a green card will be able to stay in the United States even if their current visa (or other immigration status) has expired. Any amount of time that the spouse seeking a green card \u201coverstayed\u201d would generally be waived as a benefit of marriage to a U.S. citizen. It\u2019s important to understand, however, that a new USCIS policy may increase the risks of staying in the United States with an expired immigration status, even for spouses of U.S. citizens (read the full details in our policy alert).The spouse seeking a green card may also follow this process if they live in the United States but are on a short international trip. They should keep in mind, however, the consequences of marrying a U.S. citizen or green card holder within 90 days of entering the United States on a temporary visa.Do you have confidential questions about how a prior immigration violation might affect your marriage-based green card application? With Boundless, an independent immigration attorney can answer your questions for no additional fee. \n Ready to start?Living together abroadIf both spouses live together abroad, there are a couple of ways to apply for a marriage-based green card:Option 1: Apply as if the sponsoring spouse were living in the United StatesIf the sponsoring spouse is a U.S. citizen, you can follow the process for most spouses living abroad and married to a U.S. citizen, and you will need to take additional steps (see below).If the sponsoring spouse is a green card holder, you would follow the process for most spouses living abroad and married to a green card holder, and you will need to take additional steps (see below).Some couples may send their application materials to an international USCIS office rather than to a U.S.-based USCIS office. This option is available in countries or regions where USCIS has an office (check this list of office locations). The biggest advantage of filing with an international USCIS office is faster processing time compared with filing with USCIS in the United States. Depending on which office you file with, it could shave months off of the application process.Option 2: Apply based on \u201cexceptional circumstances\u201dFor couples with \u201cexceptional circumstances,\u201d they may submit their application materials directly to their nearest U.S. consulate or embassy. This special process is called \u201cDirect Consular Filing\u201d and is the fastest way to get a marriage-based green card: usually about three months from start to finish. Not all U.S. consulates offer this filing option, however, and the State Department does not provide an official list of those consulates.Examples of exceptional circumstances that qualify for this type of processing include the following (see the full list on the State Department\u2019s website):If the sponsoring spouse is in the U.S. military, is stationed abroad, and is deployed or must transfer under short notice If either spouse needs urgent medical treatment in the United States If either spouse faces an imminent threat to their personal safetyAdditional stepsRegardless of which option you choose to follow above, if both spouses live abroad, then the sponsoring spouse will also need to prove one of the following:That they\u2019ve maintained residency in the United States (for example, by maintaining a home or employment in the United States and filing a U.S. income-tax return). That they intend to re-establish residency in the United States once the marriage-based green card application is approved. To do so, the sponsoring spouse will need to submit both evidence and an affidavit (sworn statement) stating that they intend to return to the United States. Evidence can include signing a lease on a U.S. home, registering your children in a U.S. school, opening a U.S. bank account, and taking a U.S.-based job.Get the peace of mind that comes with having an independent immigration attorney who answers your confidential questions and reviews your entire green card application. Find out more about \n what you get with Boundless, or \n get started now.Not sure which option is best for you, as the spouse seeking a green card? Here\u2019s a quick summary of when it\u2019s likely better to apply from within the United States (adjustment of status) and from abroad (consular processing):Consider using adjustment of status if:You physically live in the United States and want to spend the next year living here. Your sponsoring spouse is a green card holder, and you\u2019ll be able to maintain a valid immigration status in the United States for the next 2.5 years.Consider using consular processing if:You want to spend the next year living abroad, and your sponsoring spouse is a U.S. citizen. Your sponsoring spouse is a green card holder, and you won\u2019t be able to maintain a valid immigration status in the United States for at least 2.5 years after filing the family sponsorship form (Form I-130).Boundless prints out all your forms and documents, assembled precisely how the government prefers. We mail the whole package to your doorstep, ready for you to sign and send to the correct government address. We even provide the envelope and cover the shipping fee. \n Learn more, or \n start your application today.Traveling internationallyRegardless of which process you follow, there will be some limitations on when and where you can travel as the spouse seeking a green card:If you choose to go through consular processing, it can be difficult to travel to the United States while your application is pending \u2014 even just for a short trip. This is the case even if you already have a valid tourist visa. If you choose to go through adjustment of status, you may not travel outside of the United States until you receive a travel permit (officially called an \u201cAdvance Parole Travel Document\u201d). In addition, you\u2019ll have to be present for interviews and appointments, either in the United States or at the U.S. embassy or consulate.Consular processing complicationsWhen going through consular processing, there\u2019s an added risk that your application could be flagged for \u201cadministrative review,\u201d which means your application will undergo further screening. It\u2019s unclear exactly why certain cases are flagged for review, but it generally means that an immigration officer has found some type of irregularity. This would add time \u2014 sometimes months \u2014 to the application process. During this period, it would also be difficult to find out the status of an application.There is no danger of \u201cadministrative review,\u201d however, if you apply for a marriage-based green card from within the United States.\u201cPublic charge\u201d complicationsIn January 2018, the U.S. Department of State began applying a stricter set of standards on who is eligible for a green card, scrutinizing factors such as age, health, education, family size, and finances. USCIS has proposed its own policy, known as the \u201cpublic charge rule,\u201d which would impose even greater constraints on green card applicants. The USCIS policy won\u2019t go into effect until mid-2019 at the earliest, however, which means that for now, the adjustment of status pathway may be more predictable and less onerous than the consular processing pathway.Boundless helps you avoid common problems. Every marriage-based green card application through Boundless is thoroughly reviewed by independent immigration lawyer for accuracy and completion. Only after this independent lawyer has confirmed the readiness of your application package will Boundless mail it to you for filing with the federal government. \n Let\u2019s begin!\n\n \n Boundless \u2014 for people who want the expertiseof an immigration lawyer, not the price tag.\n \n \n \n Check My Eligibility\n \n \n \n Learn what we do for you\n \n \n \nRelated informationGoing from a J-1 Visa to a Marriage Green CardGoing from an F-1 Visa to a Marriage Green CardThe Marriage Green Card ProcessWhat is a green card?How Much Time Does It Take to Get a Marriage Green Card?Is It Okay to Visit My Spouse in the United States?Can I Work in the United States Before I Get My Green Card?Why Green Card Applications Get DeniedFianc\u00e9 Visa vs. Marriage Green Card: What\u2019s the Difference?","excerpt":"When applying for a spousal visa\u00a0(marriage-based green card), the appropriate process to follow will depend on where the spouse seeking a green card currently lives.If they live and apply from within the United States, they\u2019ll go through a process known","permalink":"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/immigration-resources\/adjustment-of-status-vs-consular-processing\/"},{"id":25,"title":"What Is an Affidavit of Support?","subtitle":"Promising financial support as a green card sponsor","body":"What is an Affidavit of Support?The \u201cAffidavit of Support\u201d is a signed document to accept financial responsibility for a spouse who is seeking a green card. It is also known as U.S. Immigration Form I-864.For simplicity, we\u2019ll call the person signing this Affidavit of Support the \u201cfinancial sponsor.\u201d This is usually (but not always) the same person as the sponsoring spouse.Not sure if you qualify for a marriage-based green card based on your income? You can \n check your eligibility through Boundless without providing any personal information. When you\u2019re ready to apply, Boundless can guide you through every milestone of the green card process, starting with your Form I-130 all the way to the finish line. \n Learn more, or \n get started today.Boundless has prepared a detailed article on the income requirements\u00a0for a financial sponsor. Here is a short summary:The financial sponsor must be a U.S. citizen or U.S. green card holder, at least 18 years old, and living in the United States. The financial sponsor must have an annual income that is at least 125% of the Federal Poverty Guidelines. The more people there are in your household, the higher your income will need to be to meet the requirements. The financial sponsor can also use assets (not just income) to meet these requirements. Assets include cash, stocks and bonds, and property (for example, a home). It is possible to have a household member or even a non-family member help meet the income or asset requirements, if the sponsoring spouse does not meet them alone. The spouse seeking the green card (the \u201cbeneficiary\u201d) may also use his or her own income to meet the financial requirements, but only as long as this income will continue from the same source after the green card is obtained.Do you meet the qualifications for financial sponsorship? You can \n check your eligibility through Boundless.\u00a0For the flat rate of $750, Boundless helps you complete your entire marriage-based green card (spousal visa) application \u2014 including all required forms and supporting documents, independent attorney review, and support \u2014 from the moment your application is filed until you receive your green card. \n Learn more, or \n start your application.The Affidavit of Support is essentially a contract between the financial sponsor and the U.S. government. The government has the right to recover from the financial sponsor certain public benefits (such as Supplemental Insurance Income, or SSI, and Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, or TANF) used by their spouse after obtaining a green card. (See the USCIS website for a list of public benefits that must be repaid \u2014 \u201cBenefits Subject to Public Charge Consideration\u201d \u2014 and those that need not be repaid.)IMPORTANT: The U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has proposed changes to the rules that determine who can receive a green card or other visa, by redefining what makes a person dependent on public benefits (or likely to be in the future). (See our detailed guide to \u201cPublic Charge\u201d to learn more.)The financial sponsor\u2019s obligations under the Affidavit of Support end only when one of four things happen:The death of either spouse. The spouse seeking a green card becomes a U.S. citizen. The spouse seeking a green card has worked for 40 quarters in the United States. The spouse seeking a green card moves out of the United States permanently.If you have been a financial sponsor for others in the past (either as the primary sponsor or as a secondary co-sponsor), everyone you sponsored in the past will need to be counted as you get ready to file a new Affidavit of Support\u2014unless one of the events mentioned above has happened and your obligations to that person have ended.With Boundless, you get the peace of mind that comes with having an independent immigration attorney who answers your confidential questions and reviews your entire green card application \u2014 for no additional fee. Ready to start? Learn more about \n what you get with Boundless, or \n check your eligibility now.\n\n \n Boundless \u2014 for people who want the expertiseof an immigration lawyer, not the price tag.\n \n \n \n Check My Eligibility\n \n \n \n Learn what we do for you\n \n \n \nRelated informationMarriage Green Cards, ExplainedHow Long Does It Take to Get a Marriage Green Card?What Are The Costs of a Marriage Visa?What Is a Joint Sponsor for a Green Card?About the DS-260 and DS-261 Online FormsPreparing for the Green Card InterviewAbout the Advance Parole Card","excerpt":"What is an Affidavit of Support?The \u201cAffidavit of Support\u201d is a signed document to accept financial responsibility for a spouse who is seeking a green card. It is also known as U.S. Immigration Form I-864.For simplicity, we\u2019ll call the person","permalink":"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/immigration-resources\/what-is-an-affidavit-of-support\/"},{"id":26,"title":"How Long Does It Take to Get a Marriage Green Card?","subtitle":"The spousal visa process typically takes 10 to 38 months","body":"How long does it take to get a marriage green card?The total wait time for a marriage-based green card ranges between 10 to 38 months, depending on whether you are married to a U.S. citizen or green card holder and where you currently live (not including possible delays).Here\u2019s how long it typically takes to get a marriage green card:If your spouse is a\u2026 And you currently live\u2026 Then you will wait about\u2026 U.S. citizen In the U.S. 10\u201313 months Abroad 11\u201317 months U.S. green card holder In the U.S. 29\u201338 months Abroad 23\u201332 months Keep reading to find out which processing time applies to your own\u00a0marriage-based green card application.For applicants living in the United States, Boundless also has more information about green card processing times by location as well as travel and work permit processing delays.Spouse seeking a green card lives in the U.S. and is married to a U.S. citizenEstablishing the marriage relationship (Form I-130) and applying for a green card at the same time (Form I-485): 9\u201311 months Interview and approval: 1\u20132 monthsTotal estimated time:\u00a010\u201313 months\u00a0(full details here)Boundless takes all the required government forms for your situation and turns them into simple questions you can answer online in under two hours. \n Get started today.Spouse seeking a green card lives in the U.S. and is married to a U.S. green card holderEstablishing the marriage relationship (Form I-130): 11\u201315 months Waiting for green card availability in the visa bulletin: 8\u201310 months Applying for the green card (Form I-485): 9\u201311 months Interview and approval: 1\u20132 monthsTotal estimated time: 29\u201338 months\u00a0(full details here)With Boundless, you get an experienced independent attorney to review all of your materials and answer your questions. \n Ready to start?Spouse seeking a green card lives abroad and is married to a U.S. citizenEstablishing the marriage relationship (Form I-130): 7\u201310 months Applying for the green card (National Visa Center application): 3\u20135 months Interview and approval: 1\u20132 monthsTotal estimated time: 11\u201317 months\u00a0(full details here)Boundless prints out your completed green card application package, assembles it precisely how the government prefers, and mails it to your doorstep. \n Let\u2019s get started.Spouse seeking a green card lives abroad and is married to a U.S. green card holderEstablishing the marriage relationship (Form I-130): 11\u201315 months Waiting for green card availability in the\u00a0visa bulletin: 8\u201310 months Establishing the spouse\u2019s eligibility for a green card (National Visa Center application): 3\u20135 months Interview and approval: 1\u20132 monthsTotal estimated time: 23\u201332 months\u00a0(full details here)With Boundless, your satisfaction is 100% guaranteed. \n See how we help you.\n\n \n Boundless \u2014 for people who want the expertiseof an immigration lawyer, not the price tag.\n \n \n \n Check My Eligibility\n \n \n \n Learn what we do for you\n \n \n \nobtaining a green card\u00a0through marriageMarriage Green Cards, ExplainedHow Is a Fianc\u00e9 Visa Different from a Marriage-Based Green Card?How Much Does a Marriage Green Card Cost?Preparing for the Green Card Interview with USCISA General Guide to Green Cards","excerpt":"How long does it take to get a marriage green card?The total wait time for a marriage-based green card ranges between 10 to 38 months, depending on whether you are married to a U.S. citizen or green card holder and","permalink":"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/immigration-resources\/how-long-does-marriage-green-card-take\/"},{"id":27,"title":"Preparing for the Green Card Interview","subtitle":"How to successfully navigate your USCIS or NVC interview","body":"The last step of the marriage green card process is the interview, which is scheduled by U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) if the spouse seeking a green card lives in the United States and by the National Visa Center (NVC) if they live abroad. Although this interview may still be months or later in the future, knowing what to expect will help you feel more confident and prepared when that important day comes.Whether your interview will take place in the United States or abroad, the interviewing officer\u2019s primary goal will be to determine whether your marriage is authentic \u2014 in other words, not based on fraud. Questions can focus on, for example, the history of your relationship, your daily activities as a married couple, and your future plans together.Below, we\u2019ve prepared a list of the most common questions that are asked during the interview, as well as some useful tips. Make sure to also check out our guide to questions on a green card application.Boundless not only makes it easy for you to complete your marriage-based green card application, but we can also help you get ready for your green card interview and respond to government questions. Learn more about \n what you get with Boundless, or \n get started now.While you can never be certain about the questions that an interviewing officer will ask, here are some of the most typical questions that couples encounter, grouped by category:YOUR RELATIONSHIP HISTORYHow did you meet? Where did some of your first dates take place? How long did you date before deciding to get married? What is the story of your marriage proposal?YOUR WEDDINGWhat was your wedding like? Who attended your wedding? What food was served? Were there any special rituals performed? If so, what kind? Did you go anywhere for your honeymoon? If so, where?YOUR DAILY ROUTINESWhat is daily life like for you and your spouse around the house? How do you start your day? How often do you text or talk on the phone when you\u2019re apart? Which of you likes to cook? Which of you likes to clean?YOUR KIDS (IF ANY)How do your kids get to school? Who are their friends? What are their favorite foods? Do they play any sports? If so, what?YOUR PERSONAL HABITS AND NEEDSWhat side of the bed do you sleep on? What pajamas do you wear? What medications does your spouse take?BIG EVENTS, RITUALS, OR CELEBRATIONSWhen are your birthdays? What did you do to celebrate? What did you get each other as gifts? What\u2019s the most important holiday of the year in your household, and where do you typically celebrate it?Boundless stays with you until the green card finish line, helping you keep on top of interview preparation, follow-on forms, and every other important milestone along your immigration journey. \n Learn more, or \n get started now.Follow these tips to help you ace your interview:Be honest and open. Think of the interview as an opportunity to give the officer a window into your life as a couple, not as an obligation to portray the ideal marriage. Every couple experiences marital difficulties, and you shouldn\u2019t be penalized for admitting your own.Speak your mind. Some interviewing officers will ask very personal questions. If you find a question too offensive, you can let the officer know, and you can decline to answer. Most officers will understand and move on to the next question.Practice, practice, practice. It\u2019s important to rehearse before your interview, especially if one of you tends to be forgetful. Even people in long-term marriages can often find these interviews stressful, but the more you practice, the less anxious you\u2019re likely to be. In this situation, it\u2019s almost always better to be overprepared than under.Have fun! It\u2019s essential to be honest and thorough when documenting and recalling details about your marriage, but don\u2019t forget to loosen up. After all, you get to stroll down memory lane and make sure your spouse indeed knows what you like to eat for breakfast!With Boundless, you get the peace of mind that comes with having an independent immigration attorney who answers your confidential questions and reviews your entire green card application \u2014 for no additional fee. \n Ready to start?\n\n \n Boundless \u2014 for people who want the expertiseof an immigration lawyer, not the price tag.\n \n \n \n Check My Eligibility\n \n \n \n Learn what we do for you\n \n \n \nRelated InformationBecoming Familiar with Questions on a Green Card ApplicationWhat You Get with Boundless ImmigrationMore About the Marriage Green Card InterviewPreparing for the Citizenship InterviewMost Commonly Asked Questions in a Citizenship InterviewSpouse Visa FeesWhat Is an I-485 for a Spouse?","excerpt":"The last step of the marriage green card process is the interview, which is scheduled by U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) if the spouse seeking a green card lives in the United States and by the National Visa Center","permalink":"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/immigration-resources\/preparing-for-the-marriage-green-card-interview\/"},{"id":28,"title":"How Is a Fianc\u00e9 Visa Different from a Marriage-Based Green Card?","subtitle":"Comparing the pros and cons of visas for fianc\u00e9s vs. spouses","body":"Congratulations on your engagement! If you\u2019re visiting this page, it probably means that either you or your partner isn\u2019t a U.S. citizen, but you are planning on building your life as a married couple in the United States. What\u2019s the best path for you and your fianc\u00e9(e)?What is a fianc\u00e9 visa?A fianc\u00e9 visa, technically called a K-1 visa, is issued by U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), a branch of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security.(For simplicity, below we\u2019ll use \u201cfianc\u00e9\u201d to mean either a male or female engaged partner.)Before filing for a fianc\u00e9 visa, a couple must typically have seen each other in person within the previous two years.The foreign partner applying for the fianc\u00e9 visa\u00a0must marry their U.S. citizen partner within 90 days of entry, or depart the United States.Note: If you\u2019re already married, or if your future spouse already lives in the United States, the fianc\u00e9 visa isn\u2019t available. Refer to our explanation of spousal visas\u00a0for more information about that process.How is a fianc\u00e9 visa different from a marriage green card?Fianc\u00e9s of U.S. citizens have two primary options for immigrating to the USA:The future spouse could come to the U.S. on a fianc\u00e9 visa (the \u201cK-1 visa\u201d), which means that the marriage then happens in the United States. Alternatively, you could first get married outside the United States, and the U.S. citizen spouse could sponsor the foreign spouse for a green card (the \u201cI-130 petition,\u201d sometimes also referred to as the \u201cIR1 \/ CR1 process\u201d).For engaged couples, there are advantages and disadvantages to each of these two options. The right choice for your budding family will depend on factors such as where you want to hold your wedding, how quickly the foreign\u00a0fianc\u00e9 wants to come to the United States, and how cost-conscious you are. Read on for a clear comparison of the two processes.If you\u2019re already married, Boundless can help you complete your entire marriage-based green card (spousal visa) application \u2014 including all required forms and supporting documents, independent attorney review, and support \u2014 from the moment your application is filed until you receive your green card. \n Learn more, or \n check your eligibility without providing any personal or financial information.Fianc\u00e9 VisaThe K-1 fianc\u00e9 visa is available to fianc\u00e9s of U.S. citizens who are living outside of the United States and intend to get married within 90 days of arriving in the United States. The K-1 fianc\u00e9 visa requirements include:Both you and your fianc\u00e9 must be single and eligible to be married under U.S. law. (This means that same-sex couples are eligible for the K-1 fianc\u00e9 visa, whether or not the foreign spouse\u2019s home country recognizes same-sex marriages.) If you or your fianc\u00e9 have been married previously, you\u2019ll need to provide divorce or death certificates for any previous spouse. The sponsoring partner must be a U.S. citizen. U.S. green card holders are not eligible to apply for fianc\u00e9 visas. You and your fianc\u00e9 must prove that your relationship is authentic\u2014through photos, correspondence, and written statements from people who know you as a couple. It\u2019s generally best to have concrete wedding plans in the United States. You can show this through invitations, venue reservations, or other proof that the wedding is not a vague dream but a specific, planned event.\u00a0Alternatively, you can provide a simple signed statement of your intent to marry within 90 days of arrival. You must have met in person at least once in the past two years. This requirement can be waived for religious practices or in cases of extreme hardship to the U.S. citizen partner. The U.S. citizen partner must meet certain income requirements, earning at least 100% of the federal poverty guidelines when applying for the fianc\u00e9 visa, and earning 125% of these guidelines when the foreign partner applies for his or her green card.Marriage-Based Green CardThe marriage green card process (initiated with an I-130 petition) is open to spouses of U.S. citizens and U.S. green card holders (permanent residents). Requirements include:You and your spouse must have a legally valid marriage, typically proven with a marriage certificate showing the names of both spouses, the place of marriage, and the date of marriage. (The marriages of same-sex couples and heterosexual couples are equally valid under U.S. law.) You must prove that any previous marriages for both spouses have been terminated (typically with a divorce or death certificate). You and your spouse must prove that your marriage is not fraudulent, using evidence like a joint lease, joint bank account statements, and pictures together. The U.S. citizen spouse must earn at least 125% of the federal poverty guidelines.Not sure if you qualify for a marriage-based green card? You can \n check your eligibility through Boundless without providing any personal or financial information. When you\u2019re ready to apply, Boundless can guide you through every milestone of the marriage-based green card process, starting with your Form I-130 all the way to the finish line. \n Learn more, or \n get started today.Most engaged couples could potentially meet the requirements for either the K-1 fianc\u00e9 visa or the marriage-based green card, and may choose between these paths based on differences in the timeline and cost.Fianc\u00e9 Visa (K-1)Estimated Fianc\u00e9 visa process time: 13 months to obtain green cardFianc\u00e9 visa cost: $2,025If you decide to apply for a K-1 fianc\u00e9 visa, here\u2019s what the process and timeline will look like:The U.S. citizen partner completes the appropriate government form (I-129F \u2013 \u201cpetition for a K-1 Visa\u201d), and mails it to United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), along with the $535 filing fee. Once the petition is approved, the National Visa Center (NVC), which is run by the U.S. State Department, assigns a case number and forwards your paperwork to the U.S. embassy or consulate closest to where the foreign fianc\u00e9 lives. The foreign fianc\u00e9 completes a visa application (Form DS-160), submits it online (or according to the local consulate\u2019s instructions), and pays the $265 visa fee. The foreign fianc\u00e9 goes to an interview at the U.S. embassy or consulate, and presents any requested documents during the interview. The foreign fianc\u00e9 gets a visa stamp in his or her passport and uses it to enter the United States within six months.This part of the process generally takes approximately 7 months. But you\u2019re not done yet! Once the foreign fianc\u00e9 has entered the United States, here are the next steps to keep in mind:The couple gets married within 90 days and files a green card application (Form I-485, technically called an \u201cAdjustment of Status\u201d application), including the $1,140 filing fee and the $85 biometrics fee for fingerprinting. If the foreign partner intends to seek employment or travel outside of the United States while the green card application is being processed, he or she must file for a work permit (\u201cemployment authorization document\u201d) and a travel permit (\u201cadvance parole\u201d).This second part of the process takes approximately 6 months, so the total time from start to green card is around 13 months. The total cost is $2,025, not including any necessary translations, travel to and from the consulate, medical exams, or other minor costs.Marriage-Based Visa (I-130)Estimated time: 10-13\u00a0months to obtain green cardEstimated marriage-based visa cost: $1,200If you and your fianc\u00e9 decide to get married outside of the United States and apply for a marriage-based green card instead of a fianc\u00e9 visa, you can expect a different process and timeline:The first step is to get married! (That\u2019s the fun part.) The U.S. citizen spouse submits the marriage relationship form (I-130 petition) and other required materials to USCIS, along with the $535 filing fee. Once the petition is approved, the National Visa Center (NVC) assigns you a case number and forwards your paperwork to the U.S. embassy or consulate closest to where the foreign spouse lives. You file a green card application package with the NVC, including an online form (DS-260) and the $445 filing fee. The foreign spouse attends an interview at the U.S. embassy or consulate, and presents any requested documents during the interview. If the case is approved, the foreign spouse receives a visa stamp in his or her passport that allows for travel to the United States. At this point you\u2019ll need to pay the $220 Immigrant Fee to USCIS online, ideally after you\u2019ve picked up your visa but before you depart for the United States. The foreign spouse becomes a U.S. permanent resident as soon as he or she enters the United States. Typically 2-3 weeks later, the physical green card is mailed to the couple\u2019s U.S. address.On average, it takes around 10-13 months to complete this marriage-based green card process, and the total cost is $1,200, not including translations, travel to and from the consulate, medical exams, or other minor costs.Boundless makes it easy to complete your green card application by turning all the required government forms into simple questions you can answer online \u2014 typically in under 2 hours, compared with days or weeks the traditional way. You\u2019ll also get an independent immigration attorney who will review your entire application package and answer your questions \u2014 for no additional fee. Ready to start? \n Learn more, or \n check your eligibility now.Marriage Visa vs. Fianc\u00e9 Visa: Which path should I choose?Generally speaking, the K-1 fianc\u00e9 visa makes more sense for engaged couples if one or more of the following is true:You want to be together in the United States as soon as possible\u2014typically 7 months for a fianc\u00e9\u00a0instead of 10-13 months for a spouse. You want to hold your wedding in the United States. There is an impediment to getting married abroad (for example, a same-sex couple where one fianc\u00e9 lives in a country that does not recognize same-sex marriages).On the other hand, the marriage-based green card process generally makes more sense for engaged couples if:You are cost-conscious ($1,200 in fees for a spouse instead of $2,025 in fees for a fianc\u00e9). You want the partner seeking a green card to immediately become a permanent resident when he or she arrives in the United States. You plan to hold your wedding outside of the United States. You don\u2019t mind waiting longer for your partner to arrive in the United States\u2014typically 10-13 months instead of 7 months. (Your spouse can make a temporary visit sooner, but there are special travel considerations to keep in mind.)Both processes result in the foreign partner actually getting the green card about 13 months after the application process starts. In both cases, if you have been married for less than two years at the time the green card is approved, you will need to file another form (the I-751 petition) to \u201cremove the conditions\u201d and obtain a permanent green card.Currently, Boundless can help you complete your marriage green card application, but not a K-1 visa application.With Boundless, you get the confidence of an independent immigration attorney who will review all of your application materials and answer any questions you have \u2014 for no additional fee. Learn more about \n what you get with Boundless, or \n check your eligibility for free.\n\n \n Ready to start your marriage green card application?\n \n \n \n Let\u2019s Go\n \n \n \n Learn what we do for you\n \n \n \nMore information About the Marriage Green Card Path:Marriage Green Cards, ExplainedHow Long Does It Take to Get a Marriage Green Card?What Are The Spouse Visa Fees?What Documents Do I Need?Income Requirements for Marriage Green CardsWhat Is Consular Processing?","excerpt":"Congratulations on your engagement! If you\u2019re visiting this page, it probably means that either you or your partner isn\u2019t a U.S. citizen, but you are planning on building your life as a married couple in the United States. 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\u2013 \u5bf9\u4e8e\u60f3\u8981\u4e13\u4e1a\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u5f8b\u5e08\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ef7\u683c\u6807\u7b7e\u3002\u7acb\u5373\u5f00\u59cb\u60a8\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f* \u7ed3\u5a5a\u7eff\u5361\u7533\u8bf7\u662f\u82f1\u6587\u7684\u3002","excerpt":"\u606d\u559c\u60a8\u5df2\u559c\u7ed3\u826f\u7f18!\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u6216\u7eff\u5361\u6301\u6709\u8005\uff08\u5373\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u6c38\u4e45\u5c45\u6c11\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u60a8\u7684\u914d\u5076\u662f\u5916\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u60a8\u5fc3\u76ee\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4ef6\u5927\u4e8b\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u60a8\u7684\u914d\u5076\u83b7\u5f97\u7eff\u5361\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e3a\u5916\u7c4d\u914d\u5076\u7533\u8bf7\u7eff\u5361\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5305\u62ec\u4e09\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u5bf9\u6b64\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u8ff0\u2026","permalink":"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/immigration-resources\/marriage-based-green-cards-explained-chinese\/"},{"id":4131,"title":"How to Change Your Status from a J-1 Visa to a Green Card through Marriage","subtitle":"Navigating from J-1 status to a spousal visa","body":"If you\u2019re a J-1 exchange visitor who recently married a U.S. citizen or green card holder (permanent resident), you can apply for a marriage visa\u00a0to live with your spouse in the United States. It\u2019s important to understand how the rules of your J-1 visa \u2014 especially the home residency requirement \u2014 will affect when you can begin the application process and whether you can apply from within the United States (\u201cadjustment of status\u201d) or must apply from abroad (\u201cconsular processing\u201d).This guide will explain those rules and help you prepare for your journey toward permanent residence (and ultimately citizenship) in the United States.Boundless can help you transition from a J-1 exchange visitor to a marriage green card holder. Learn more about \n how Boundless can help you, or \n get started today.The first step in determining your eligibility for a marriage-based green card is to find out whether the two-year \u201chome residency requirement\u201d applies to you.The home residency requirement means that some J-1 visa holders (and their dependents on J-2 visas, if any) must return to their home country for a cumulative period of two years after completing their exchange program. They may still travel to and from the United States during this two-year period. But only after fulfilling this home residency requirement can they begin the green card application process \u2014 and they generally must apply from abroad.The purpose of the home residency requirement is to benefit the exchange visitor\u2019s home country by applying the skills and experience they acquired in the United States.Does the two-year home residency requirement apply to you?There are multiple ways to find out:1. Check your visa. Toward the bottom of your visa (a document that\u2019s affixed to a page of your passport), look for a note that indicates whether or not you\u2019re subject to the requirement:If you are, the notation might read: \u201cBEARER IS SUBJECT TO INA(212)E. TWO YEAR RULE DOES APPLY.\u201d (This refers to the specific section of the Immigration and Nationality Act creating the requirement.) If you are not, the notation might read: \u201cNOT SUBJECT TO TWO-YEAR RESIDENCE REQUIREMENT.\u201dIMPORTANT: Not all J-1 visas will contain this note. If you don\u2019t find this note in your visa, you must try one of the other following methods instead.2. Check your Form DS-2019. This form (officially called the \u201cCertificate of Eligibility for Exchange Visitor (J-1) Status\u201d) should indicate whether the requirement applies to you. You should have received this form from your program sponsor prior to applying for your J-1 visa. If you can\u2019t locate your Form DS-2019, contact your program sponsor.Here\u2019s where you might find information about the requirement on Form DS-2019:Source: U.S. Department of Homeland Security3. Request a formal determination. You can ask the U.S. Department of State\u2019s Waiver Review Division to issue an official \u201cAdvisory Opinion\u201d stating whether the home residency requirement applies to you. This agency will review your request based on your J-1 program records and send a written determination by mail within four to six weeks of receiving your request. (Please visit the State Department\u2019s website for complete instructions.)4. Apply the rules. In general, the home residency requirement does apply if any of the following is true:Your J-1 program is entirely or partly funded by the U.S. government, your home country\u2019s government, or an international organization that also receives funding from either of these governments. The skills you\u2019re acquiring through your J-1 program are needed to improve your home country (see the U.S. State Department\u2019s full list of skills by country). You are receiving graduate medical education or training, such as a fellowship or residency, through your J-1 program.Next stepsIf the home residency requirement does apply to you, the next step toward a marriage-based green card is to obtain a waiver (see \u201cWaiving the Home Residency Requirement\u201d below) that will allow you to stay and complete the green card application process from within the United States.If the requirement does not apply to you, then you\u2019re ready to start the marriage-based green card process (see \u201cTwo Paths to a Green Card\u201d below). Before submitting your paperwork, however, make sure that the 90-day rule (see below for details) will not affect you.Boundless turns all the required government forms into simple questions you can answer online in under two hours. We make it easy to complete your green card application and avoid common problems. Read more about \n how we help you, or \n start your application.To qualify for a waiver, you must do one of the following:Request a letter (officially called a \u201cNo Objection Statement\u201d) issued by your home country\u2019s embassy in Washington, D.C. stating that your government allows you to pursue U.S. permanent residence. (This is not an option for exchange visitors receiving medical education or training.) Demonstrate exceptional hardship to your spouse or child (if they are U.S. citizens or green card holders). Demonstrate fear of racial, religious, or political persecution in your home country. Gain support from a designated State Public Health Department (only available to exchange visitors receiving medical education or training) or a U.S. government agency that wants to hire you.How to apply for a waiverStep 1. Visit the State Department\u2019s J Visa Waiver Online service, and complete Form DS-3035 (officially called the \u201cJ Visa Waiver Recommendation Application\u201d). You will receive a case number and a printable Form DS-3035 with a unique barcode.Step 2. Print and mail your completed Form DS-3035 to the appropriate State Department address (see the agency\u2019s website for the list), along with the following items:Copies of all forms DS-2019 and IAP-66 (the DS-2019\u2019s predecessor) that have ever been issued to you Two self-addressed, stamped legal-size envelopes Application processing fee (currently $120 and nonrefundable; you may only pay by check or money order made out to U.S. Department of State)A State Department office in St. Louis, Missouri will then process the fee and forward your application to the Waiver Review Division in Washington, D.C.Step 3. Submit your supporting documents, such as a \u201cNo Objection Statement,\u201d to the State Department (visit the agency\u2019s website for specific instructions for each type of supporting document and the appropriate mailing address). These documents are in addition to the items listed in steps 1 and 2 above.IMPORTANT: There is an additional fee for processing a supporting document (Form I-612, officially called the \u201cApplication for Waiver of the Foreign Residence Requirement\u201d) on the basis of exceptional hardship to a spouse or child.The processing time for each type of supporting document varies between one to four months (sometimes longer). The State Department may also request additional information later, which can add more time to the process.Step 4. After one month, you can check the status of your waiver request at the J Visa Waiver Online website, but your waiver request will not necessarily be approved by then (see \u201cStep 3\u201d for more details on document processing times).If your waiver request is approved, you will no longer be subject to the two-year home residency requirement, and you can proceed with applying for your green card through your\u00a0spouse who is a U.S. citizen or green card holder without leaving the United States.Boundless can help guide you through the entire marriage green card process. Read more about \n what you get with Boundless, or \n get started today.Timing is an important factor when applying for a marriage-based green card. That\u2019s because immigration officers apply a special guideline called the \u201c90-day rule\u201d when evaluating these applications.The 90-day rule helps immigration officers determine whether a spouse seeking a green card was honest about why they originally wanted to travel to the United States. If you apply for a green card within the first 90 days of entering the United States, the U.S. government will presume that you \u201cwillfully misrepresented\u201d your reason for coming \u2014 in other words, that you had no intention of returning to your home country to fulfill the two-year home residency requirement of your J-1 visa, for example.You may still be able to convince the U.S. government that you originally intended to honor the terms of your J-1 visa, but it will be a challenge (please see this article for more details about the 90-day rule).Calculating 90 daysTo determine when the 90-day rule would apply, check your I-94 travel record (officially called the \u201cForm I-94 Arrival\/Departure Record\u201d), find the date of your most recent entry to the United States, then add 90 days. For example, if the entry date on your I-94 is April 1, 2018, 90 days later would be June 30, 2018.It\u2019s important to note that the 90-day rule applies only to your most recent entry to the United States.If, for example, you originally traveled to the United States on a B-2 visitor (tourist) visa and later returned to the United States on a J-1 visa, the 90-day rule would apply to the date you entered the United States on the J-1 visa, not the B-2 visa.But let\u2019s suppose that you entered on a B-2 visa. While you were still in the United States, you then applied and were approved for a J-1 visa before your B-2 visa expired. In this scenario, the 90-day rule would apply to the date you entered with a B-2 visa, not the date you obtained a J-1 visa.Do you have confidential questions about how your situation might affect your green card application? With Boundless, you get an independent immigration attorney who can help you understand your options. \n Learn more, or \n get started today.If you are not subject to the home residency requirement, if you can get it waived, or if you have satisfied it, you generally should be able to apply for a marriage-based green card from within the United States. The process of transitioning from a J-1 exchange visitor to a marriage-based green card holder, however, depends on whether your spouse is a U.S. citizen or green card holder.Let\u2019s review each scenario, including how to avoid common pitfalls:Path 1: If you\u2019re married to a U.S. citizenYou will need to follow the same procedure for most other spouses living in the United States and married to a U.S. citizen. You and your spouse must first file the following forms, typically at the same time (you can file these separately, but doing so is unusual in most cases):The family sponsorship form\u00a0\u2014\u00a0or Form I-130 (officially called the \u201cPetition for Alien Relative\u201d) \u2014 to be completed and signed by your spouse who is a U.S. citizen The green card application\u00a0\u2014 or Form I-485 (officially called the \u201cApplication to Register Permanent Residence or Adjust Status\u201d) \u2014 to be completed and signed by you, the J-1 exchange visitorAs long as you married your spouse (who is a U.S. citizen) \u201cin good faith\u201d \u2014 meaning you did not marry just to obtain a green card, which you\u2019ll need to prove to the U.S. government \u2014 your green card should arrive within\u00a010\u00a0to\u00a013 months from the time USCIS receives your application package.Avoiding the 90-day ruleThe best way to avoid the 90-day rule is to wait at least 90 days after last entering the United States before applying for a marriage-based green card (whether submitting forms I-130 and\u00a0I-485 together or submitting\u00a0Form I-485 separately). Form I-130 can be filed on its own at any time before or after the 90 days is up and will not trigger the 90-day rule \u2014 but again, it\u2019s unusual to file these forms separately.If you aren\u2019t married already, it\u2019s also generally a good idea to wait 90 days since your last entry to get married.If you apply (file\u00a0Form I-485) within 90 days of last entering the United States, the immigration officer evaluating your marriage-based green card application will presume \u201cwillful misrepresentation.\u201d In other words, they will likely suspect that you had intended to live permanently in the United States when you applied for a temporary J-1 exchange visitor visa.Proving that your plans changedOvercoming the U.S. government\u2019s presumption of \u201cwillful misrepresentation\u201d can be challenging but not impossible. To prove that you did not misrepresent your original intention for obtaining a J-1 visa, you would need to provide documentation such as email correspondence between you and your program sponsor, detailing the official start and end dates of your training. (See this article for other ways to demonstrate to the U.S. government that you have commitments and strong ties to your home country.)Boundless can help you respond to government questions and prepare for your green card interview. Learn more about \n what Boundless does, or \n start your application now.Working in the United States and traveling abroadWhile your Form I-485 is pending, you must not travel outside the United States until you\u2019ve obtained a travel permit\u00a0(officially called the \u201cAdvance Parole Document\u201d). Otherwise, the U.S. government will consider your marriage-based green card application \u201cabandoned,\u201d and you will need to start the application process all over again.You also should not seek employment in the United States until you\u2019ve secured a temporary work permit (officially called the \u201cEmployment Authorization Document,\u201d or EAD). Once you receive this work permit, you\u2019ll be able to continue working in the United States while you wait for your green card, even after your J-1 visa has expired. If your J-1 visa expires before your new work permit is approved, however, you must stop working during that gap period.Boundless takes all the required government forms \u2014 including the work permit application \u2014 and turns them into simple questions you can answer online. \n Ready to start?Path 2: If you\u2019re married to a green card holderThere are different processes to follow if you\u2019re on a J-1 visa and married to a green card holder.First, your spouse who is a green card holder will need to file the family sponsorship form, or Form I-130 (officially called the \u201cPetition for Alien Relative\u201d). Once the Form I-130 is approved, you must wait to receive a visa number.Without a visa number, you will not be able to apply for a marriage-based green card. Visa numbers are immediately available to spouses of U.S. citizens, but spouses of green card holders must wait. (If your spouse who is a green card holder becomes a U.S. citizen while you\u2019re waiting for a visa number, you can then follow the process described in Path 1 above.)How you\u2019ll proceed from here depends on whether your visa number becomes available before or after your J-1 visa expires:Staying in the United StatesIf a visa number becomes available before your J-1 term concludes, you\u2019ll be able to stay in the United States and follow the same green card application process for most other spouses living in the United States and married to a green card holder. That means filing\u00a0Form I-485 (officially called the \u201cApplication to Register Permanent Residence or Adjust Status\u201d).If the U.S. government approves this marriage-based green card application, you will receive a physical green card typically about\u00a029 to\u00a038 months after USCIS originally received your Form I-130.Applying from AbroadIf a visa number is set to become available after your J-1 visa expires, and you can\u2019t maintain a valid immigration status, you will need to leave the United States and follow the same green card application process for most other spouses living abroad and married to a green card holder. You will need to use the online green card application, or Form DS-260 (officially called the \u201cImmigrant Visa Electronic Application\u201d).Upon approval of your marriage-based green card application, you can expect to receive receive your physical green card typically about 23 to\u00a032 months after USCIS originally received your Form I-130.Keep in mind that you will need to follow this particular process unless you can get an extension of your J-1 visa or obtain a different type of temporary visa (such as a\u00a0B-2 visitor visa) to continue residing lawfully in the United States, in which case you must follow the process for spouses living in the United States and married to a green card holder.Avoiding the 90-day ruleAs in \u201cPath 1\u201d above, the best way to avoid triggering the 90-day rule in this case is to wait at least 90 days after last entering the United States before applying for a marriage-based green card (submitting\u00a0Form I-485 only).If you aren\u2019t married already, it\u2019s also generally a good idea to wait 90 days since your last entry to get married.If your visa number will not become available prior to the expiration date of your J-1 visa, then it\u2019s generally a good idea to apply for an extension of your J-1 status \u2014 or apply for a different type of visa (such as a\u00a0B-2 visitor visa) \u2014 in order to stay in the United States while you wait for your green card.Otherwise, you will need to leave the United States before your J-1 visa expires and continue the marriage-based green card process from abroad.Working in the United StatesYou are more likely to face a period with no work permit if you\u2019re married to a green card holder. That\u2019s because it can take 19 to 25 months between filing the initial family sponsorship application (Form I-130) and the green card application (Form I-485). Only then can you also submit a work permit application, which can take another five months (in some cases longer) to be approved.If your J-1 visa will expire before you can secure a new work permit, it\u2019s best to plan on either seeking an extension on your J-1 visa or applying for another type of temporary work visa, such as an H-1B visa, if possible. Either will allow you to continue working without any gaps in employment between the expiration of your J-1 visa and the approval of your new work permit.With Boundless, you get the confidence of an independent immigration attorney who will review all of your materials and answer any questions you have \u2014 for no additional fee. \n Learn more, or \n get started today.Staying past your visa\u2019s expiration dateIf you \u201coverstay\u201d \u2014 that is, if you remain in the United States past the expiration date of your visa \u2014 you could be barred from re-entering the United States for several years, depending on how long you stayed in the United States without a valid visa.If you\u2019ve overstayed, it\u2019s generally a good idea to leave the United States within six months following the expiration date of your J-1 visa. If you overstay for six months or longer, you will not be able to return to the United States for three years. If you overstay for more than one year, you will be barred from re-entering the United States for 10 years.If, however, you\u2019ve overstayed and your spouse who is a green card holder becomes a U.S. citizen before you leave the United States, you can generally then switch to the process described in Path 1 above. As a benefit of being married to a U.S. citizen, the amount of time you overstayed will be waived. It\u2019s important to be aware, however, that new USCIS policy may increase risks of overstaying, even for spouses of U.S. citizens (please read full details in this policy alert).Returning from a brief international trip after filing Form I-130As mentioned earlier, Form I-130 can be filed on its own and will not trigger the 90-day rule.If, however, you file Form I-130, travel internationally with J-1 status afterward, and return with that same status, you may have trouble re-entering the United States. That\u2019s because immigration officers at U.S. borders and ports of entry (where you would physically enter the United States) have much discretion when screening international travelers. If the immigration officer screening you discovers that you have a spouse in the United States, they are likely to suspect that you intend to live here permanently, which is inconsistent with the intended purpose of a temporary J-1 visa. In this situation, you may be denied entry to the United States or even get your J-1 visa revoked. You would then need to return to your home country.If that happens, you would be able to continue the marriage-based green card process from abroad. But later, you\u2019d need to convince the U.S. government that you did not intend to deceive immigration officers when you returned to the United States as a J-1 exchange visitor whose spouse is a U.S. green card holder.With Boundless, you get the confidence of an independent immigration attorney who will review all of your materials and answer any questions you have \u2014 for no additional fee. \n Learn more, or \n start your application today.\n\n \n Boundless \u2014 for people who want the expertiseof an immigration lawyer, not the price tag.\n \n \n \n Check My Eligibility\n \n \n \n Learn what we do for you\n \n \n \nRelated informationHow to Change Your Status from an F-1 Visa to a Green Card through MarriageAbout Green Cards Through MarriageReasons for Green Card DenialStart-to-Finish Marriage Green Card GuidesProve a Marriage Is RealHow Long Does It Take to Get a Green Card Through Marriage?About the Marriage Green Card InterviewBecoming a Permanent ResidentAbout Citizenship (Naturalization)","excerpt":"If you\u2019re a J-1 exchange visitor who recently married a U.S. citizen or green card holder (permanent resident), you can apply for a marriage visa\u00a0to live with your spouse in the United States. It\u2019s important to understand how the rules","permalink":"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/immigration-resources\/how-to-change-your-status-from-a-j-1-visa-to-a-green-card-through-marriage\/"},{"id":293,"title":"Form G-1145, Explained","subtitle":"When you want an e-notification from USCIS that they received and accepted your application.","body":"What is UCIS Form G-1145?Form G-1145 allows you to request that U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) send you a notification by email and\/or text message once they have received and accepted your application package for processing. That\u2019s why the G-1145 is technically called \u201ce-Notification of Application\/Petition Acceptance\u201d.The G-1145 is a mercifully short supporting form\u2014just two lines on one page!Download form G-1145 (PDF) directly from USCIS. Or fill out your forms the easy way with Boundless.Interested in a marriage-based green card but not sure if you qualify? You can \n check your eligibility through Boundless without providing any personal or financial information. When you\u2019re ready to apply, Boundless can guide you through every milestone of the marriage-based green card process, including your Form G-1145 all the way to the finish line. \n Learn more, or \n get started today.When Should You File Form G-1145?If you are filing a USCIS application package that is sent to a USCIS lockbox\u2014including all marriage green card applications\u2014you should consider filing the G-1145. While the G-1145 is not a required form, filing it will ensure that you get notified as early as possible once USCIS has accepted your application for processing. (Otherwise you\u2019ll have to wait an extra week or more to be notified by mail, which USCIS sends out whether or not you file the G-1145.)When Shouldn\u2019t You File?The G-1145 is only meant to be filed with applications that USCIS accepts for processing at one of its lockboxes (again, this includes all marriage green card applications).You should not file a G-1145 with an application that is being sent directly to a USCIS service center or field office. You could cause delays in application processing by including extra forms that are not appropriate for your application package.Boundless will always help you make sure that only the right forms go in the right package!How Much Does It Cost?There is no fee associated with the G-1145. It\u2019s just an \u201copt-in\u201d formality so that USCIS knows how to contact you via email and\/or text message once your application package is received and accepted for processing.Where Do I File This Form?The G-1145 should be filed with the rest of your green card application package, and where that goes depends on where you live. USCIS provides a chart with all the different scenarios (and Boundless pre-addresses your green card application package to the right one for you).Will I Receive Case Updates If I File the G-1145?No. Form G-1145 results in just one one update from USCIS: the initial message that your application package was accepted for processing. After that, to receive any future case updates directly from USCIS via email or text message, you\u2019d need to sign up for a \u201cmyUSCIS\u201d account and activate case status alerts. Even if you choose not to sign up for these additional email\/text notifications, USCIS will send you the same notifications by mail\u2014it will just take longer. (Either way, Boundless can send you immediate case updates via email and text.)For the flat rate of $750, Boundless helps you complete your entire marriage-based green card (spousal visa) application \u2014 including all required forms and supporting documents, independent attorney review, and support \u2014 from the moment your application is filed until you receive your green card. \n Learn more, or \n check your eligibility without providing any personal or financial information.\n\n \n Boundless \u2014 for people who want the expertiseof an immigration lawyer, not the price tag.\n \n \n \n Check My Eligibility\n \n \n \n Learn what we do for you\n \n \n \nCommon marriage-based immigration formsWork Permit (Form I-765)Affidavit of Support (Form I-864)Online Immigrant Visa Application (Form DS-260)Online Choice of Address and Agent (Form DS-261)Family Sponsorship Petition (Form I-130)Supplemental Information (Form I-130A)Application for \u201cAdjustment of Status\u201d (Form I-485)\u201cAdvance Parole\u201d Travel Document (Form I-131)","excerpt":"What is UCIS Form G-1145?Form G-1145 allows you to request that U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) send you a notification by email and\/or text message once they have received and accepted your application package for processing. That\u2019s why the","permalink":"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/immigration-resources\/form-g-1145-explained\/"},{"id":1585,"title":"Immigration Glossary","subtitle":"Definitions and correct spellings for common immigration terms","body":"A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y ZAadjudicateTo make a decision or determination, usually related to a legal issue or dispute. When an immigration case has been \u201cadjudicated,\u201d this means that an officer has made a decision to either approve or deny the case.Adjustment of StatusForm I-485 (Application for Adjustment of Status), is the next step in the family-based green card process after submitting\u00a0Form I-130\u00a0(Petition for Alien Relative).\u00a0In the context of a\u00a0spouse visa\u00a0(marriage-based green card), the main purpose of the I-485 is to prove that the foreign spouse is eligible for U.S. permanent residency. See our green card adjustment of status guide for more information.BCcorrespondenceWritten communication, usually by email or letters, between two or more people or organizations.Citizenship Status(See Immigration Status)CRConditional ResidentGreen cards marked \u201cCR1\u201d are issued to spouses who have been married for less than two years at the time their green card was first approved. Two years later, the conditional resident must file Form I-751 to \u201cremove the conditions\u201d and obtain a permanent green card. Learn more about the CR-1 Visa.DderivativeIn the context of immigration, a derivative is the person whose own status depends on the status of their spouse or parent. For example, having an H-4 visa is only possible for the spouse or child (the \u201cderivative beneficiary\u201d) of an H-1B visa holder (the \u201cprincipal beneficiary\u201d).domicileThe house or apartment where somebody lives and considers to be home.duplicateAn exact copy, or to make an exact copy. In the immigration context, many forms and documents must submitted in duplicate form (in other words, a photocopy instead of the original). Learn how to produce flawless document copies for immigration applications here.EemigrateTo leave one\u2019s home country in order to live permanently in a new country.escalateTo rapidly accelerate or increase the priority level of a given issue. In the immigration context, issues may be escalated when they need special attention. These issues may be moved ahead in line for faster processing or review by an immigration officer or manager.exclude \/ excludedTo be kept out or not included. In the immigration context, \u201cexclusion\u201d typically refers to a foreign national being denied entry into the United States through a removal procedure.expedite \/ expeditiousTo speed up the progress of something; \u201cexpeditious\u201d means speedy or quick. Under immigration law, certain cases can be expedited, meaning that a decision is reached more quickly than the normal processing time. Here are the latest estimates on how long it takes to get a marriage green card.FGgenderIn the context of immigration, gender refers to one\u2019s sex at birth.HIImmigration statusThe legal category in which someone has been admitted into the United States. While someone is maintaining their \u201cimmigration status\u201d in the United States, they are subject to various rules, responsibilities, and benefits associated that particular status. Note that \u201cstatus\u201d is different from a \u201cvisa.\u201dINAImmigration and Nationality Act \u2013 the source of U.S. immigration law. Read it here.IRImmediate Relative \u2013 Under U.S. immigration law, \u201cimmediate relatives\u201d are defined as spouses of U.S. citizens, children (who are under 21 years old and unmarried) of U.S. citizens, and parents of U.S. citizens (if the U.S. citizen is at least 21 years old). Green cards marked \u201cIR1\u201d can typically be renewed every 10 years.JjurisdictionThe geographical area or court system within which a particular part of the government exercises its authority. In the context of immigration, \u201cjurisdiction\u201d generally refers to the specific court that has the power and authority to make decisions on a matter. For example, the U.S. federal court system has jurisdiction over most immigration cases within the United States.KLlockboxA lockbox is a central filing location that U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) uses to take in filing fees more efficiently for certain types of applications. It\u2019s the first destination for an application package, which the lockbox staff then forwards to the proper USCIS service center for full processing. Currently, there are three lockboxes\u2014in Chicago, IL; Phoenix, AZ; and Dallas, TX. (Boundless will always put the right lockbox address on your application package, so you don\u2019t have to worry.)Mmaiden nameA woman\u2019s family name prior to marriage.NnationalityA person\u2019s country of citizenship, whether by birth or by naturalization.notarizedA notarized document is affirmed by a \u201cnotary public,\u201d which is a person officially authorized to confirm the identity of the person signing the document.OPpetitionerprocessA series of steps or actions taken to achieve a particular result. In the context of immigration, these are actions (including paperwork, filings, and interviews) necessary when applying for immigration benefits like a visa or citizenship.provinceA region or district within a country, often located outside a large city.QRreceiptProof provided for having received a document, payment, or other item. In the immigration context, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) will mail a \u201creceipt notice\u201d as proof they successfully received a certain document and or payment.reside \/ residedTo live somewhere.residenceThe place where someone lives (\u201cresides\u201d) and makes their home.retrogressTo go back to a previous state. In the context of immigration, \u201cretrogression\u201d is when somebody\u2019s place in line for a green card moves backward instead of forward.revoke \/ revokedTo cancel, reverse, or take something back. In the context of immigration, for example, the government can revoke a visa if the visa holder is no longer eligible.SstampA stamp is a marking placed in someone\u2019s passport to allow them to enter the United States as part of a certain category such as a student, temporary worker, or permanent resident.standaloneIn the context of immigration, this refers to a form or application that is filed on its own (alone), and not together with another form or application.Immigration statusThe legal category in which someone has been admitted into the United States. While someone is maintaining their \u201cimmigration status\u201d in the United States, they are subject to various rules, responsibilities, and benefits associated that particular status. Note that \u201cstatus\u201d is different from a \u201cvisa.\u201dTUVvisaA visa gives someone permission to apply to enter the United States. When a visa is approved, a certificate is issued or a stamp is marked in the visa holder\u2019s passport, granting entry into the country. Note that a \u201cvisa\u201d is different from \u201cstatus.\u201dvisa statusThere is technically no such term as \u201cvisa status\u201d in immigration law. See the separate definitions of \u201cvisa\u201d and \u201cstatus.\u201dWWork PermitObtaining an immigration work permit is one way for qualifying foreign nationals who are in the United States to legally obtain employment. To apply for a work permit you must complete and submit Form I-765, the Application for Employment Authorization Document (EAD).XxenophobiaA fear or dislike of people from other countries or cultures.YZ","excerpt":"A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z","permalink":"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/immigration-resources\/immigration-glossary\/"},{"id":3125,"title":"Naturalization, Explained","subtitle":"Navigating the U.S. citizenship application process and requirements","body":"Source: U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS)\/Barry Bahler\/Public DomainWhat is naturalization?Naturalization is the process through which an immigrant to the United States can become a U.S. citizen. Only certain immigrants are eligible: those who either have been green card holders (permanent residents) for 3\u20135 years or meet various military service requirements.Becoming an American citizen comes with many advantages, and it also means taking on new responsibilities.This guide will help you understand how to become a U.S. citizen, including the requirements for U.S. citizenship, the whole application process, and the rights and obligations of a naturalized citizen.Who is eligible to apply for U.S. citizenship through naturalization?Eligibility for naturalization generally depends on a number of factors:How long you\u2019ve had your green card How long you\u2019ve physically lived in the United States Whether you\u2019ve served in the U.S. military (and if so, whether your service was during \u201cpeacetime\u201d or \u201cwartime\u201d \u2014 see FAQs below for an explanation of these terms)The following table summarizes the most common groups of individuals who are eligible for naturalization and when they can apply, followed by a more detailed explanation below:Who can apply for U.S. citizenship and when? If you are a\u2026 And you\u2019ve physically lived in the U.S. for at least\u2026* You can apply for naturalization\u2026 Green card holder with no special circumstances 30 months (2.5 years) After 5 years Green card holder who is married to a U.S. citizen 18 months (1.5 years) After 3 years Widow or widower of a U.S. citizen who died while honorably serving in the military** Not required Anytime Green card holder with at least 1 year of peacetime military service Not required While in active duty or within 6 months of honorably separating from the military** Green card holder with less than 1 year of peacetime military service 30 months (2.5 years) After 5 years Green card holder with at least 1 year of peacetime military service and honorably discharged more than 6 months ago** 30 months (2.5 years) After 5 years Member of the military with any period of wartime service (with or without a green card) Not required Anytime * Consecutive or otherwise; any period of military service counts as having physically lived in the United States.** A discharge designated \u201cGeneral-Under Honorable Conditions\u201d is considered \u201chonorable\u201d discharge for naturalization purposes.If you\u2019re a green card holder with no special circumstances, you can apply for U.S. citizenship at least five years after obtaining your green card. You also must have physically lived in the United States for at least 30 months (two-and-a-half years) out of those five years.If you\u2019ve been married to a U.S. citizen for at least three years and lived with your spouse that entire time, you can apply for U.S. citizenship at least three years after \u00a0obtaining your green card. You also must have physically lived in the United States for at least 18 months (one-and-a-half years) out of those three years, and your spouse must have been a U.S. citizen for at least three years.If you\u2019re the widow or widower of a U.S. citizen who died while honorably serving in the U.S. military (and you were living with them at the time of their death), you can apply for U.S. citizenship at any time \u2014 as long as you\u2019re a green card holder at the time of your citizenship interview. You need not have held a green card for a certain number of years or have physically lived in the United States for any number of months prior to applying.If you\u2019ve served in the U.S. military for at least one year during peacetime, you can apply while in active duty or within six months of separating honorably from the military. You need not have held a green card for a certain number of years or have physically lived in the United States for any number of months prior to applying to become a naturalized citizen.If you\u2019ve served in the U.S. military for less than one year during peacetime, you can apply for U.S. citizenship five years after obtaining your green card (honorable service within this five-year period can count toward that required time, as well). You also must have physically lived in the United States for at least 30 months (or two-and-a-half years) out of those five years.If you\u2019ve served in the U.S. military for at least one year during peacetime and are filing after six months of separating honorably from the military, you can apply for U.S. citizenship five years after obtaining your green card (honorable service within this five-year period can count toward that required time, as well). You also must have physically lived in the United States for at least 30 months (two-and-a-half years) out of those five years.If you\u2019ve served in the U.S. military for any period during wartime, you can apply anytime and need not be a green card holder. You (or your military spouse) must only have been physically present in the United States (including U.S. territories) or aboard a U.S. vessel when you enlisted, re-enlisted, extended your service, or were inducted into the military. You need not have held a green card for a certain number of years (if you have one) or have physically lived in the United States for any number of months prior to applying for citizenship.Not sure if you\u2019re eligible for naturalization? You can \n check your eligibility on Boundless without providing any personal information. When you\u2019re ready to apply, Boundless can guide you through every milestone of the naturalization process, starting with your N-400 application all the way to the finish line. \n Learn more, or \n start your application now.In addition to waiting three or five years after getting your green card (unless you\u2019re applying based on qualifying military service), you must also satisfy the following requirements:You must be at least 18 years old. You must not have taken any trips of six months or longer outside of the United States during the three- or five-year wait period. You must have been a resident of the state where you plan to apply for citizenship for at least three months. You must have \u201cgood moral character,\u201d broadly defined as character that measures up to the standards of average citizens in your community. More specifically, however, it means you did not have certain types of crimes \u2014 such as murder, illegal gambling, or intentionally lying to the U.S. government in order to gain immigration benefits \u2014 on your record at any time before filing, and you did not lie during your naturalization interview. Whether an applicant meets this requirement is decided by the government on a case-by-case basis. You must pass a two-part naturalization test: the first is an English language test (covering reading, writing, and speaking skills) and the second a civics test (covering knowledge of U.S. history and government). You must be willing to serve in the U.S. military or perform civilian service for the United States if called upon to do so. You must register with the Selective Service System if you are male and have lived in the United States between the ages of 18 and 25. You must be willing to defend the U.S. Constitution.Exceptions based on age and disabilityException Exempt from English test? Exempt from Civics test? Applicants aged 50 and older and have lived in the U.S. as a green card holder for at least 20 years Yes No Applicants aged 55 and older and have lived in the U.S. as a green card holder for at least 15 years Yes No Applicants aged 65 and older and have lived in the U.S. as a green card holder for at least 20 years Yes No* Applicants with medical disabilities that have lasted, or are expected to last, at least 12 months Yes (with approved waiver) Yes (with approved waiver) *Applicants aged 65 and older are required to study only 20 of the 100 usual questions that most applicants must prepare for. The test administrator will ask 10 of the 20 questions, but the applicant will need to answer only six correctly to pass.Boundless has more details on the citizenship test exceptions.Exceptions based on disabilityApplicants with a physical or developmental disability or mental impairment may be exempt from the English and civics test requirement above. They may apply for the exemption by filing Form N-648 (officially called the \u201cMedical Certification for Disability Exceptions\u201d), which is completed by a medical doctor.Exceptions based on peacetime military serviceIndividuals who apply for naturalization based on at least one year of peacetime military service are exempt from requirement Nos. 2 and 3 above. To meet requirement No. 4, the applicant\u2019s criminal record must be free of certain crimes at least five years before filing until they naturalize.Exceptions based on wartime military serviceIndividuals who apply for naturalization based on any period of wartime military service are exempt from requirement Nos. 1 (they may be any age), 2, and 3 above. To meet requirement No. 4, the applicant\u2019s criminal record must be free of certain crimes at least one year before filing until they naturalize.Special requirements for U.S. military personnelGreen card holders who are current or former members of the U.S. armed forces must meet additional criteria:You must not have deserted (left before discharge) from the U.S. military. You must have never received a discharge or an exemption from the U.S. military based on your non-U.S. citizen status.How much does it cost to apply for naturalization?The current government filing fee for naturalization applications is $725, including $640 for processing and $85 for biometrics services. Military applicants are exempt from both the application filing fee and the biometrics fee. Applicants aged 75 and older are exempt from the biometrics fee\u00a0(see our detailed guide to naturalization costs).What if I can\u2019t afford the filing fee?If you cannot afford the filing fee for income-based reasons, you may apply for a fee reduction or waiver.For the flat rate of $395, Boundless helps you complete your entire naturalization application, including all supporting documents, independent attorney review, and support from the moment your application is filed until you obtain U.S. citizenship. Learn more about \n our services, or \n get started today.The following is a brief overview of the naturalization process.\u00a0Make sure to also check out our detailed guide to the U.S. citizenship timeline to help you understand when each stage of the naturalization process takes place.How to apply for U.S. citizenshipStep 1: Application for NaturalizationThe first step to becoming a U.S. citizen is to file an Application for Naturalization (Form N-400) and pay the filing fee (unless you are exempt \u2014 see above for details). You may fill out and mail a paper application or complete the application online. If you file online, you must first create an online account with U.S. Citizenship and Naturalization Services (USCIS).If you\u2019re applying based on your military service, from abroad, or for a fee reduction or waiver, you may not complete your application online. You must mail your application to the appropriate USCIS office.90-day early-filing rule: You may submit your N-400 to USCIS as early as 90 days before reaching your three- or five-year wait period as a green card holder \u2014 as long as you\u2019ve satisfied all other eligibility requirements. You must still wait\u00a0the full three or five years, however, to become a U.S. citizen. Filing early just lets you get ahead in the application process. (Our guide to the Form N-400\u00a0has the full details.)Step 2: Biometrics AppointmentThe next step is to set up your biometrics appointment \u2014 basically, getting your fingerprints taken \u2014 at your local USCIS field office. As with the marriage-based green card process, USCIS will take your fingerprints during naturalization in order to conduct a background check. The fingerprinting appointment usually takes place about a month after USCIS receives your U.S. citizenship application.Step 3: Citizenship Interview and ExamThe interviewThe citizenship interview is usually scheduled around 14 months after filing your application. Exactly how long it will take to process your naturalization application, however, depends heavily on the USCIS field office handling your case, which is assigned to you based on your ZIP code.During this interview, a USCIS officer will verify that all of the information on your naturalization application is correct. The interview usually takes place at the nearest USCIS office. If you are applying from abroad, you will attend the interview at a U.S. embassy or consulate. If you are in active military duty, your interview may be held at a military facility.The examThe citizenship interview is also referred to as a citizenship \u201cexam\u201d because, at the same time, the USCIS officer will also give you a two-part naturalization test (unless you qualify for an exemption): The first component, an English language test, will evaluate your written and spoken English skills. The second, a civics test, will assess your knowledge of U.S. history and basic information about how the U.S. government works. (Check out our detailed guide to the naturalization exam, which includes helpful preparation tips.)But don\u2019t panic! These tests are fairly basic, and USCIS provides study materials to help you prepare. You\u2019ll also have two chances to take the tests per application: once during your interview and again at a later date to retake any portion that you didn\u2019t pass the first time.If you pass the interview and exam, the USCIS officer will approve your application at the end of the interview. In some cases, USCIS may ask you for additional documentation or schedule a second interview.If you do not pass, USCIS will send you a denial letter explaining why, but you may appeal their decision within 30 days of receiving the letter or reapply. A USCIS policy on denied applications\u00a0taking effect on September 11, 2018 underscores the importance of completing the naturalization application and meeting all requirements correctly the first time.Step 4: Oath of AllegianceYou\u2019re almost finished! Once your application is approved, you will attend an Oath of Allegiance ceremony. It\u2019s very important that you complete this step. You are not a U.S. citizen until you have taken the Oath of Allegiance.After your citizenship interview, you\u2019ll receive a notice in the mail with the date, time, and location of the ceremony (usually a local courthouse or USCIS office). The time it takes to schedule the ceremony varies by state.You\u2019ll be asked to return your green card when you check in. Once the ceremony is over, you\u2019ll receive a Certificate of Naturalization and begin your life as a U.S. citizen!Boundless can help you stay on top of interview preparation, follow-on forms, and every other important milestone along the way. \n Ready to start?Becoming a U.S. citizen is the next logical step for most green card holders, especially if they intend to stay in the United States for the long term. U.S. citizenship provides many advantages not available to green card holders, including:You cannot be deported to your country of former citizenship or nationality. As a naturalized citizen, you\u2019ll have just as much right as any other American to live and work in the United States. Even if you\u2019re charged with a crime in the future, you\u2019ll be able to stay in the United States. (Although recent news reports have indicated that the U.S. government plans to pursue more \u201cdenaturalizations\u201d based on prior criminal offenses, this should not affect the vast majority of naturalized U.S. citizens.)You can travel with one of the most powerful passports in the world. Applying for a U.S. passport after receiving your Certificate of Naturalization is a major benefit of U.S. citizenship. With a U.S. passport, you can travel to more than 180 destinations for short-term trips without a visa, take as many trips abroad as you want for as long as you want, and seek assistance from the local U.S. embassy during times of trouble.You can obtain federal benefits available only to U.S. citizens. Upon naturalizing, you\u2019ll gain full access to certain government assistance programs, such as Social Security and Medicare, which green card holders can access only for a limited time. You\u2019ll also be able to take advantage of most federal college assistance programs that are not available to non-U.S. citizens.You can apply for a green card for your relatives. You\u2019ll be able to sponsor your parents, adult children, and siblings for their own green cards.Your children automatically become U.S. citizens \u2014 even if they\u2019re born abroad. You\u2019ll simply need to report your child\u2019s birth to a U.S. embassy or consulate.You no longer have to deal with immigration paperwork. You won\u2019t need to renew your green card or pay immigration filing fees. You also won\u2019t have to notify USCIS every time you move.You can apply for jobs with the U.S. government. Most federal employment is reserved only for U.S. citizens. Although every job has its pros and cons, federal employees and their families tend to receive relatively better benefits and earnings than private-sector workers.You can vote in any U.S. election. Only U.S. citizens can vote in federal elections. Non-citizens may only vote in some local elections.You can run for elected office. U.S. citizenship is required for federal office and for most positions in public office at the state and local levels.With Boundless, you get an independent immigration lawyer who will review your entire application package and answer any extra questions you might have \u2014 for no additional fee. Only after this independent lawyer has confirmed the readiness of your application package will Boundless mail it to you for filing with the federal government. \n Learn more, or \n start your application now.Before you begin your journey toward U.S. citizenship, it\u2019s important to understand the basic responsibilities of being an American citizen. Some of the most important duties include the following:You may be required to renounce your citizenship in other countries. Depending on your home country\u2019s rules for dual citizenship (being a citizen of two countries at the same time), you may need to give up your current citizenship upon becoming an American. The United States permits dual citizenship, but it requires U.S. nationals to use their U.S. passports when traveling in and out of the United States.Many countries \u2014 Australia, Canada, and the United Kingdom, for instance \u2014 also allow you to be a national of another country. India, Japan, and a number of others, however, require you to relinquish your citizenship in those countries once you become an American.It\u2019s best to check your home country\u2019s policy on dual nationality before applying for naturalization if you intend to maintain your citizenship in that country.You may be called upon to serve in the military. Mandatory military service enforced by a draft was officially discontinued in 1973. If reinstated, however, you could be drafted to serve. Any male who is a U.S. citizen or green card holder and has lived in the United States between the ages of 18 and 25 must register with the Selective Service System.You may need to serve on a jury. In the United States, jury duty in a legal proceeding is mandatory. If summoned, you must attend, but you may not necessarily serve. Only those who are selected by the judge and attorneys after being summoned will actually serve on the jury.Active-duty military service members, professional fire and police department workers, and some public government officers who serve full time in their positions are exempted from federal jury duty. Individuals who have served on a federal jury in the past two years, are aged 71 and older, or are volunteer first responders generally may request to be excused from service, but policies vary by district court. State and local courts impose their own rules but generally also exempt individuals based on age, disability, or their positions in public office.You must file U.S. income tax returns for life \u2014 no matter where you live. As a U.S. citizen, even if you move abroad, you must still file U.S. income tax returns. As long as you meet certain requirements, though, you\u2019ll be able to exclude from your income up to the yearly limit \u2014 currently over $100,000 \u2014 allowed by the U.S. government, meaning it won\u2019t be taxed. Any income that exceeds that limit will generally be taxed.Your criminal history will be heavily scrutinized. If you\u2019ve committed a crime that could make you deportable \u2014 such as immigration fraud, drug abuse, or domestic violence \u2014 it\u2019s especially important to seek legal assistance before applying for naturalization.Do you have confidential questions about your eligibility for U.S. citizenship?\u00a0With Boundless, you get the confidence of an\u00a0independent immigration lawyer who will answer any questions you have and\u00a0review your entire US citizenship application \u2014 for no additional fee. \n Let\u2019s begin!What do the terms \u201cpeacetime\u201d and \u201cwartime\u201d mean?\u201cPeacetime\u201d refers to any point in time. \u201cWartime\u201d refers specifically to the following periods:World War I (April 6, 1917\u2013November 11, 1918) World War II (September 1, 1939\u2013December 31, 1946) Korean War (June 25, 1950\u2013July 1, 1955) Vietnam War (February 28, 1961\u2013October 15, 1978) Persian Gulf War (August 2, 1990\u2013April 11, 1991) War on Terrorism (September 11, 2001\u2013present)Although peacetime naturalization is always an option for any applicant with at least one year of military service, anyone eligible for wartime naturalization would almost certainly choose that path instead.\n\n \n Boundless \u2014 for people who want the expertiseof an immigration lawyer, not the price tag.\n \n \n \n Check My Eligibility\n \n \n \n Learn what we do for you\n \n \n \nRELATED INFORMATIONAvoiding Naturalization PitfallsCompleting the Application for Naturalization (Form N-400)Documents Required for CitizenshipWhat Are the Benefits of U.S. Citizenship?What Are the Requirements for Naturalization?How Much Does Naturalization Cost?How Long Is the Naturalization Process?Preparing for the Naturalization InterviewCommon Naturalization Interview QuestionsUnderstanding the Naturalization ExamCitizenship Oath of Allegiance CeremonyImmigration FAQ","excerpt":"Source: U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS)\/Barry Bahler\/Public DomainWhat is naturalization?Naturalization is the process through which an immigrant to the United States can become a U.S. citizen. Only certain immigrants are eligible: those who either have been green card holders","permalink":"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/immigration-resources\/naturalization-explained\/"},{"id":56,"title":"The Immigration Medical Exam, Explained","subtitle":"What to expect and how to prepare for the green card medical exam","body":"The green card medical examination is an important step of the immigration process and is required for all spouses seeking a marriage-based green card. The exam, to be completed by a government-authorized doctor, consists of several parts:A review of your medical history and immunization records A physical and mental evaluation Drug and alcohol screening Tests for various diseases and illnessesThe purpose of the green card medical exam is to ensure that the spouse seeking a green card has no health condition that could make them \u201cinadmissible\u201d to the United States \u2014 meaning they\u2019re ineligible to receive a green card.Many green card applicants get nervous about this step of the process, and that\u2019s normal. But there\u2019s no need to worry! Adequate preparation can make the entire exam less stressful and also help you avoid any issues that could delay or cause denial of your green card application. Plus, it\u2019s rare to fail the medical exam. And even if you do have a condition that might complicate your green card application, you can often request a waiver.To help you prepare, this guide will cover everything you can expect in every stage of the medical exam process: before, during, and after.For the flat rate of $750, Boundless helps you complete your entire marriage-based green card (spousal visa) application, including all required forms and supporting documents, independent attorney review, and support from the moment your application is filed until you receive your green card. Learn more about \n our services, or \n get started today.Who\u2019s the doctor?There are only two types of doctors who can perform the medical exam, and the right one for your situation depends on where you\u2019re applying from:If you\u2019re applying from within the United States, you will see a civil surgeon\u00a0designated by U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS). If you\u2019re applying from abroad, you will see a panel physician\u00a0authorized by the U.S. Department of State.When choosing a doctor, make sure to ask about fees, the doctor\u2019s availability, and whether they accept your health insurance.How much will the exam cost?The cost of the medical exam varies significantly by location and provider. Boundless customers have reported paying between $100 and $500, but $200 is typical. (See our detailed guide on the costs of a marriage-based green card.)When and how do I schedule the exam?The process for scheduling the medical exam and the validity period of the results depend on where the spouse seeking a green card is applying from. Regardless, the exam must be completed prior to your green card interview, so\u00a0it\u2019s important to be mindful of the marriage green card timeline for your particular situation.If you\u2019re applying from within the United StatesWhen to schedule:\u00a0You have two options \u2014 each with pros and cons \u2014 as far as when to schedule your appointment (also see this\u00a0important policy change from USCIS regarding when the results must be certified by a doctor\u00a0and how long they will be valid):1. Schedule it before you begin the green card application process. In this case, you would submit your medical exam results with your application package (including all government forms and supporting documents). This process is known as \u201cconcurrent filing.\u201d You are not required to do it this way. With this option, however, you risk needing to repeat the medical exam (and pay the doctor\u2019s fees again) if USCIS does not schedule your\u00a0green card interview before your initial exam results expire. (See below about an important policy change from USCIS regarding when the results must be certified by a doctor\u00a0and how long they will be valid.)2. Schedule it after filing your green card application package. In this case, you can either send your medical exam results to USCIS soon after submitting your green card application (Form I-485) or bring the results with you to your\u00a0green card interview. Some people choose this option to avoid needing to take the medical exam a second time \u2014 as long as USCIS schedules their interview within two years (the exam results expire after that, as of November 1, 2018). But if they wait too long \u2014 and it\u2019s hard to predict when USCIS will schedule the interview \u2014 then they also risk not completing the medical exam in time.\u00a0(See below about an important policy change from USCIS regarding when the results must be certified by a doctor\u00a0and how long they will be valid.)How to schedule:\u00a0Use the USCIS \u201cfind a doctor\u201d tool, or call the USCIS Contact Center at 1-800-375-5283 (TTY: 1-800-767-1833) to locate a nearby civil surgeon authorized to perform immigration medical exams. Let the doctor\u2019s office know that you are contacting them to set up a medical exam appointment for immigration purposes.IMPORTANT: USCIS recently announced an\u00a0important change\u00a0to the rules regarding medical exams conducted in the United States (effective November 1, 2018):The medical exam results form, I-693 (more\u00a0information about this form\u00a0below), must be signed by a civil surgeon no earlier than 60 days before the\u00a0green card application (Form I-485) is submitted. For example, if you submit your application package on February 1, 2019, the earliest that a civil surgeon may sign your Form I-693 would be December 3, 2018 (60 days before). (If the doctor signed the form more than 60 days before you submitted your green card application \u2014 following the same example, that would be December 2, 2018 or earlier \u2014 the results will be invalid, and you will need to repeat the medical exam.) Exam results will be valid for two years instead of one year.If Form I-693 was signed before November 1, 2018, the results will also be valid for two years except in the following cases:If the doctor signed Form I-693 more than 60 days before you submitted your\u00a0green card application to USCIS \u2014 and you submitted Form I-693 within one year after the doctor signed it \u2014 then the results will be valid for only one year from the date you submitted\u00a0\u00a0Form I-693. For example, let\u2019s say the doctor signed Form I-693 on December 2, 2018, and you submitted your green card application on February 1, 2019 (61 days later). You hold on to Form I-693 and don\u2019t submit it to USCIS until November 2, 2019 (11 months after the doctor signed it). In this case, your medical exam results will be valid until November 2, 2020 (one year after you submitted Form I-693). If you submit\u00a0Form I-693 to USCIS more than one year after the doctor signed it, the results will be invalid, and you will need to repeat the exam. For example, if the doctor signed Form I-693 on October 31, 2018, and you submit it to USCIS on November 1, 2019 (one year and one day later), USCIS will reject the results, and you will need to repeat the medical exam.If you\u2019re applying for a green card from abroadWhen to schedule:\u00a0You may schedule your medical exam only\u00a0once you\u2019ve received your\u00a0green card interview appointment letter from the National Visa Center (NVC), which is part of the State Department that processes green card applications for spouses living abroad. The State Department explicitly instructs spouses seeking a green card from abroad not to schedule their medical exam until they\u2019re notified of their green card interview date.How to schedule:\u00a0Far in advance of receiving your appointment letter,\u00a0search for your U.S. embassy or consulate, which provides instructions for the medical exam, as well as contact information on authorized doctors in each country. You will need to select a doctor yourself (the NVC will not assign one to you). It\u2019s generally best to set up your appointment as soon as you receive an interview appointment date, which is often just weeks after the NVC sends the appointment letter.When you schedule your appointment, make sure to let the doctor\u2019s office know that you seek a medical exam to immigrate to the United States.The exam results will be valid for\u00a0six months (unless the spouse seeking a green card has certain medical conditions, in which case the exam results could expire in three months).What should I bring to my exam?Having all of your documents ready before your appointment can help the medical exam go smoothly. Here\u2019s what you\u2019ll need to bring with you:Your immunization or vaccination records A copy of your medical history Copies of any previous chest X-rays, if any A letter from your regular doctor outlining the treatment plan for any health problems you have A government-issued photo ID, such as your passport, state ID, driver\u2019s license, travel permit, or work permit Payment for the medical exam fee (check with the doctor\u2019s office before your appointment for acceptable payment options) Your health insurance card, if any (check with the doctor\u2019s office before your appointment if they accept your insurance)You must also bring an additional document, depending on where you\u2019re applying from:If you\u2019re applying from within the United StatesYou must also bring\u00a0Form I-693 (officially called the \u201cReport of Medical Examination and Vaccination Record\u201d), which is where the civil surgeon will document the results of your exam.IMPORTANT: See above for information about a recent important change that USCIS made to the rules regarding medical exam results.Most doctors will provide a copy of this form at their office. Generally, however, it\u2019s best to download Form I-693 from the USCIS website yourself (to make sure you\u2019re using the latest version) and bring it with you to the doctor\u2019s office. USCIS periodically updates these forms, and some doctors forget to replace old copies with current ones. If you submit an expired form, USCIS will reject it and ask you to submit the newest edition of the form, which means returning to the doctor\u2019s office and delaying the application process.To save time, it\u2019s a good idea to complete your portion of the form before going to your appointment, but do not sign the form until the civil surgeon instructs you to do so. The civil surgeon will complete their portion of the form at the end of your exam.There is no fee to file Form I-693, but you will need to pay the medical exam fee (see above).If you\u2019re applying from abroadYou must bring your green card interview appointment letter from the NVC. The doctor will not perform the medical exam unless you arrive with this document, which they\u2019ll use to verify that you have an active green card application.Boundless turns all the required government forms for a marriage-based green card into simple questions you can answer online \u2014 typically in under two hours, compared with days or weeks the traditional way. We make it easy to complete your green card application and avoid common problems. Learn more about \n what Boundless does, or \n get started now.The green card medical exam is not like a routine physical you\u2019d receive from your family doctor. Nor will the doctor give you a \u201cpass\u201d or \u201cfail\u201d grade based on your overall health. (See below for important medical exam information for women.)During the medical exam, the doctor will review your immunization and medical history with you. They will ask both general and specific questions about your health. You\u2019ll also get a basic checkup (or \u201cphysical\u201d).In addition, the doctor will look for specific conditions that fall into the following categories (see below for information about how the presence of such conditions can affect your green card application):Communicable diseases (including tuberculosis, syphilis, and gonorrhea) Drug abuse or addiction Physical or mental disorders associated with harmful behavior Conditions that make it impossible for you to support yourselfTo check for the above conditions, the doctor will conduct several types of tests:Tuberculosis testCivil surgeons in the United States and panel physicians abroad follow different tuberculosis testing guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC):If you\u2019re applying from within the United StatesThe civil surgeon will follow the CDC\u2019s Tuberculosis Technical Instructions for Civil Surgeons, which currently require them to conduct a test called the \u201cinterferon gamma release assay\u201d (IGRA) on all green card applicants aged 2 and older. Generally, you will not be required to return to the doctor\u2019s office to obtain the IGRA results.If, however, the IGRA results reveal signs or symptoms of tuberculosis, you\u2019ll be required to return to the clinic in order to get a chest X-ray and undergo other further testing.IMPORTANT: As of October 1, 2018, the IGRA is the only acceptable tuberculosis test for all green card applicants within the United States. Civil surgeons may no longer use the tuberculin skin test (TST) as an alternative option to the IGRA. The civil surgeon performing this test will most likely be aware of the CDC\u2019s updated guidance, but it\u2019s nonetheless important to make sure that you receive the right kind of tuberculosis test.If you\u2019re applying from abroadThe panel physician will follow the CDC\u2019s Tuberculosis Technical Instructions for Panel Physicians, which currently require all green card applicants aged 15 and older (in countries considered to be \u201cheavily tuberculosis-burdened\u201d) to have a chest X-ray.If necessary, you may be required to return to the clinic for further testing if the chest X-ray and other relevant screening (medical history review and physical checkup) show signs and symptoms of tuberculosis.It\u2019s important to also check the specific medical exam instructions from your U.S. embassy or consulate that may be relevant to tuberculosis testing.Blood and urine testsDoctors are required to perform a blood test for syphilis and a urine test for gonorrhea on all green card applicants aged 15 and older \u2014 whether applying from within the United States or abroad.Vaccination screeningThe doctor is required to make sure that you\u2019ve received all required vaccines. If you\u2019re missing any, you\u2019ll be required to obtain these before you attend your green card interview, but the doctor should be able to provide these vaccines during your medical exam.Drug and alcohol screeningThe doctor will ask questions about any prescription drugs you take, as well as your past and present drug and alcohol use.To learn more about specific screening procedures for green card applicants, check out the CDC\u2019s guidance for civil surgeons (if you\u2019re applying from within the United States) or its guidance for panel physicians (if you\u2019re applying from abroad).Boundless helps you prepare for every milestone of the marriage-based green card process, including the medical exam. Find out more about \n what you get with Boundless, or \n let\u2019s begin!Unless you\u2019re instructed to come back to the doctor\u2019s office, the doctor will provide your medical exam results in a sealed envelope at the end of your appointment. Do not break the seal or open the envelope.Doctors normally provide a copy of the results for your records. This is the only copy you are allowed to open. If they don\u2019t automatically give you a copy, it\u2019s generally a good idea to ask for one before they seal the envelope.If you\u2019re applying from within the United StatesYou must send the sealed, unopened envelope (which also contains your completed\u00a0Form I-693) to USCIS or bring it to your interview, depending, again, on whether you schedule your medical exam before or after filing your green card application package (see scheduling instructions above).If you\u2019re applying from abroadThe doctor will either give you the sealed, unopened envelope (and your X-ray) to bring to your interview, or they may send it directly to your U.S. embassy or consulate, depending on your home country\u2019s specific requirements for the medical exam.Boundless stays with you until the green card finish line \u2014 helping you respond to government questions and prepare for your green card interview. Learn more about \n our services, or \n start your application today.All female applicants must complete the medical exam even if they are having a menstrual period.In addition, women who are pregnant must have a chest X-ray, if required. They must, however, give prior consent to the doctor and must be provided additional protection during the procedure.Pregnant women may also postpone the X-ray until after giving birth, but the X-ray must be completed before entering the United States (if applying from abroad) or before completing a green card application, or Form I-485 (if applying from within the United States).During the exam, the doctor\u2019s job is to make sure that the spouse seeking a green card doesn\u2019t pose a health threat to current residents of the United States.The main health-related reasons why a person might be denied a green card include the following:Communicable diseases: If you have active, untreated, and infectious gonorrhea, leprosy, syphilis, or tuberculosis, you will be unable to get a green card until the disease has been treated and\/or cured.Drug and alcohol abuse: If you have a history of drug abuse, you might be asked to take a drug test and\/or certify that you have completed a drug treatment program. If you\u2019re currently abusing prescription drugs, illegal drugs, or alcohol, you will not be allowed to get a green card.Mental illness with history or threat of violence: If you have a mental illness that has caused you to be violent in the past or is associated with violence, either against yourself or others, you may have trouble getting a green card. According to USCIS policy, drunk driving falls into this category.Inability to work: If your health is so poor that you won\u2019t be able to support yourself financially, you could be denied a green card based on your likelihood of becoming a \u201cpublic charge,\u201d basically a person who has depended, or is likely to depend at any time in the future, on government benefits. This is likely the case for people with serious degenerative or fatal diseases.Recently, however, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) proposed changes to the \u201cPublic Charge\u201d rule that could potentially expand the scope of the medical exam and tighten the standards for scrutinizing green card, visa, and U.S. citizenship applicants with medical conditions (see our blog post to learn more about these plans).With Boundless, you get the peace of mind that comes with having an independent immigration attorney who answers your confidential questions and reviews your entire green card application. Read more about \n what we do, or \n get started now.A spouse seeking a green card generally would not be denied on medical grounds if they:Have a cold at the time of the medical exam. Have a chronic but well-managed disease, such as diabetes or heart disease. Are HIV-positive. Previously had one of the communicable diseases listed above (and have since been cured).If, however, a spouse seeking a green card has a health-related condition that could lead to denial of their application, it\u2019s generally best to do the following:If you\u2019ve tested positive for gonorrhea, syphilis, leprosy, or tuberculosis in the past: It\u2019s important to show USCIS or the State Department that you have been successfully treated. Typically, the best way to do so is to bring copies of your medical records showing the treatment you received and the results of that treatment, as well as a statement from your regular doctor confirming that your disease is either cured or being managed.If you have any history of drug abuse or mental illness: It\u2019s important to bring proof to the medical exam that your drug addiction has been treated or that your mental health is under control.If you have any other potentially serious disease: It\u2019s good practice to get a letter from your regular doctor explaining how your disease is controlled and how your life is affected \u2014 including how your illness impacts your ability to work, if at all.If your green card application is denied for health-related reasons: You can apply for a \u201cwaiver of inadmissibility\u201d (basically, \u201cforgiveness\u201d from the U.S. government in order to enter the United States).USCIS will generally consult with the CDC to determine if a waiver should be granted. USCIS can also attach conditions to the grant of a waiver as they see fit. For example, an applicant with tuberculosis would need to agree to see a doctor immediately upon entering the United States and make arrangements to receive treatment. USCIS may deny a waiver if the applicant openly states that they\u2019re unwilling to obtain treatment for their medical condition.Do you have confidential questions about how a medical condition might affect your marriage-based green card application? With Boundless, you get an independent immigration attorney who will answer your questions and review all of your application materials \u2014 for no additional fee. \n Ready to start?\n\n \n Boundless \u2014 for people who want the expertiseof an immigration lawyer, not the price tag.\n \n \n \n Check My Eligibility\n \n \n \n Learn what we do for you\n \n \n \nRelated informationMarriage Green Cards, ExplainedHow Is a Fianc\u00e9 Visa Different from a Marriage-Based Green Card?How Long Does It Take to Get a Marriage Green Card in the U.S.?What Are the Costs of a Marriage-Based Green Card?What Documents Do I Need for a Marriage-Based Green Card?What Is an Affidavit of Support?Preparing for the Green Card Interview","excerpt":"The green card medical examination is an important step of the immigration process and is required for all spouses seeking a marriage-based green card. The exam, to be completed by a government-authorized doctor, consists of several parts:A review of your","permalink":"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/immigration-resources\/preparing-for-the-medical-exam\/"},{"id":58,"title":"The \"Advance Parole\u201d I-131 Application for Travel Document","subtitle":"Traveling abroad while awaiting your green card","body":"The travel document allows someone living in the U.S. while awaiting their green card to travel abroad without nullifying their green card application.The entire marriage-based green card process generally takes about 10-13 months for the spouse of a U.S. citizen living in the United States, from the day you mail off your application package to the day you receive your green card in the mail. For spouses of U.S. green card holders, this process can take nearly three years.That is a long time to avoid leaving the United States, especially if you have family or business ties abroad\u2014or if you just like to travel. But make no mistake:Your green card application will be terminated if you leave the United States while that application is pending, unless you have a valid travel document at the time you leave the country.Even if you don\u2019t have any specific travel plans, it\u2019s a good idea to apply for a travel document at the same time you first submit your green card application. Then, if you do need to travel for a family emergency, a business opportunity, or any other reason, you won\u2019t need to decline because of your pending green card application.Interested in applying for a marriage-based green card? Boundless takes all the required government forms, including the travel permit application, and turns them into simple questions you can answer online \u2014 typically in under 2 hours. \n Learn more, or \n check your eligibility without providing any personal or financial information.Why you need a travel documentThe travel document provides someone living in the United States with \u201cadvance parole.\u201d (This has nothing to do with the \u201cparole\u201d you hear about in an episode of Law & Order. In the context of immigration law, \u201cadvance parole\u201d is just a technical way of saying \u201cpermission ahead of time to re-enter the United States.\u201d)If you leave the United States while your green card application is pending and you don\u2019t have a travel document, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) will consider your green card application abandoned and will deny it. At best, that means you\u2019ll have to redo all of the paperwork and pay the fees a second time. At worst, you could find yourself unable to re-enter the United States.When and how to apply for a travel documentThe fastest, cheapest, and easiest way to apply for a travel document is as part of the original marriage green card application package you send to USCIS, by including Form I-131 (\u201cApplication for Travel Document\u201d) along with the main forms (I-130 and I-485).You must attach a copy of your photo identification (such as a copy of the photo page of your passport) to the travel document application, as well as two passport-sized photos. There is no additional fee if you submit your travel document application (Form I-131) at the same time as your initial application for a green card (Form I-485, filed anytime after July 30, 2007).If you\u2019ve already submitted your green card application, you can still get a travel document that will allow you to leave the United States without paying an additional fee. In this case, when you file Form I-131 with USCIS, include a copy of your photo ID, two passport-sized photos, and a copy of the receipt notice showing that USCIS previously received your green card application including the full application fee.Travel restrictions and renewing your travel documentIt\u2019s essential that you don\u2019t leave the United States until you\u2019ve actually received your travel document, but otherwise there are no travel restrictions for marriage-based green card applicants. You can only remain outside the United States, however, as long as you re-enter the U.S. before the expiration date printed on your travel document.The travel document is valid for one year after it\u2019s issued, typically within 150 days (in some cases longer) after submitting your application materials to USCIS. (Until recently, the normal processing time for a travel document was 90 days, but a growing backlog has caused additional delays. USCIS provides a database where you can check the most current processing times, updated once per month.)If you haven\u2019t received your green card yet and you plan to travel after that year has elapsed, it\u2019s important to renew your travel document in a timely fashion. You can file a renewal application as early as 120 days before your current travel document expires, and it\u2019s a good idea to submit the renewal as early as possible. The renewal travel document is usually processed within the same timeframe as that for the initial application: 150 days or longer. It\u2019s important to plan ahead to avoid gaps in your ability to travel.To renew your travel document, submit Form I-131 with a copy of your current travel document, a copy of the receipt notice from your green card application, and two passport-sized photos. There is no additional fee.If all of this sounds confusing, don\u2019t worry!\u00a0With Boundless, you get the peace of mind that comes with having an independent immigration attorney who answers your confidential questions and reviews your entire green card application \u2014 for no additional fee. Ready to start? Learn more about \n what you get with Boundless, or \n check your eligibility now.EmergenciesIt is possible to get an expedited travel document if you need to travel because of an emergency. USCIS issues emergency travel documents in situations like the death or sudden illness of a family member abroad. If you find yourself in this situation, you can make an appointment with your local USCIS office. You should bring your completed I-131, two passport photos, and evidence to prove that you have an urgent need to travel. This evidence might be a death certificate, medical records, or a signed letter from your family member\u2019s doctor. There is no additional fee for an emergency travel document.Planning your tripThe travel document usually arrives within 150 days (sometimes longer) after submitting your application. You can\u2019t leave the country until you have your approved travel document in hand, so you should expect to spend the 3\u20135 months after submitting your green card application in the United States.Theoretically, you could be out of the United States for as long as you have a travel document (one year plus renewals). In practice, however, that\u2019s not possible, because then you would miss your fingerprinting and green card interview appointments. If you find that you are unable to attend your fingerprinting or interview appointment, you should promptly follow the rescheduling instructions printed on the USCIS appointment notice.In general, it\u2019s a good idea to make arrangements to be alerted of any USCIS notices that are sent to you while you are abroad. (For example, you can ask a friend or a neighbor to inform you of any USCIS notices you receive by mail.)Boundless stays with you until the green card finish line, helping you keep on top of interview preparation, follow-on forms, and every other important milestone along your immigration journey. \n Learn more, or \n check your eligibility for free.Returning to the United States with a travel documentEven after you have submitted your green card application, you are still not a permanent resident of the United States. When you re-enter the United States, you\u2019ll be considered an \u201carriving alien.\u201d It\u2019s fairly common for people with travel documents to be pulled aside for secondary inspection. Don\u2019t be alarmed if that happens\u2014the border agent is likely just verifying that you have a pending green card application.Travel documents do not guarantee that the border agent will allow you back into the United States, however. If you have any reason to suspect that you might be turned away at the border, you should carefully consider whether or not you need to travel before your green card application has been approved.For example, If you have been in the United States for any amount of time without legal immigration status, then leaving the United States under most circumstances will trigger a bar from re-entering the United States for either three or ten years, depending on how long you were in the United States without status. If you\u2019re in this situation, it is a good idea to avoid travel until you have a green card.In summary, there is really no downside to applying for a travel document at the same time you submit your green card application, so you should do so even if you don\u2019t have any specific travel plans.With Boundless, you get a professionally assembled green card application package \u2014 including the travel permit application \u2014 arranged in the precise format the government prefers. \n Learn more, or \n check if you qualify for a marriage-based green card.\n\n \n Boundless \u2014 for people who want the expertiseof an immigration lawyer, not the price tag.\n \n \n \n Check My Eligibility\n \n \n \n Learn what we do for you\n \n \n \nRelated InformationMarriage Green Cards, ExplainedHow is a Fianc\u00e9 Visa Different from a Marriage-Based Green Card?How Long Does It Take to Get a Marriage Green Card in the U.S.?What Are The Costs of a Marriage-Based Green Card?What Documents Do I Need for a Marriage-Based Green Card?What is an Affidavit of Support? U.S. Immigration Help for SpousesPreparing for the Green Card Interview\u2014U.S. Immigration Help","excerpt":"The travel document allows someone living in the U.S. while awaiting their green card to travel abroad without nullifying their green card application.The entire marriage-based green card process generally takes about 10-13 months for the spouse of a U.S. citizen","permalink":"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/immigration-resources\/the-advance-parole-travel-document-explained\/"},{"id":59,"title":"Immigration Work Permit: Form I-765, Application for Employment Authorization Document (EAD)","subtitle":"How to obtain an Employment Authorization Document (EAD)","body":"The ability to work not only allows you to support yourself and your family financially, but can also be important to your sense of self-esteem. If you\u2019re applying for a marriage visa from within the United States, you might be eager to start or continue your professional life here. If you want to work while you\u2019re waiting out the 10\u00a0months or more\u00a0for your marriage-based green card application to be processed, however, you\u2019ll need a work permit, also called an Employment Authorization Document (EAD).(If you\u2019re applying for a marriage-based visa (green card)\u00a0from abroad, you can\u2019t get a separate work permit ahead of time\u2014your work authorization simply begins once you enter the United States and receive your green card.)Working in the United States without authorization is taken quite seriously by U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), and doing so could put your entire green card application at risk. It\u2019s important to remember that just because you have legal status to be present in the United States does not automatically mean that you have permission to work.Unless you have some other immigration status that allows you to work (e.g. H-1B), it\u2019s important that you don\u2019t do any kind of paid work until your work permit has arrived.The good news is that getting a work permit is a relatively easy process, especially if you file the work permit application at the same time as the rest of your marriage-based green card application. Here\u2019s what you need to know about getting permission to work in the United States while you\u2019re waiting for your green card.Interested in applying for a marriage-based green card? Boundless takes all the required government forms, including the work permit application, and turns them into simple questions you can answer online \u2014 typically in under 2 hours. \n Learn more, or \n check your eligibility without providing any personal or financial information.When and how to apply for a work permitYou apply for a work permit with USCIS Form I-765 (\u201cApplication for Employment Authorization\u201d). You can file this form along with your marriage-based green card application (Form I-485) or at any time after you\u2019ve gotten a notice that USCIS has received your green card application. If you apply for a work permit in the same package with your green card application, you simply need to include a completed Form I-765 and two passport-sized photos. There is no fee for filing a work permit application if it is included in the same package as your green card application (as long as your I-485 was filed after July 30, 2007).Even if you\u2019ve already submitted your green card application, you can still apply for a work permit by filing Form I-765 along with a copy of the notice from USCIS showing that your green card application (including the I-485 filing fee) was received.What documents must I submit with my work permit application?The following documents are needed to apply for a work permit:Copy of your I-94 travel record (front and back), if available, or a printout of your electronic I-94 obtained from U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) Copy of your U.S. visa (a document placed in your passport) Copy of your passport photo page Copies of previous work permits (front and back), if any Two 2-inch-by-2-inch passport-style photos of yourself taken recently (print your full name and Alien Registration Number on the back of each with a pencil or felt-tip pen) Copy of receipt notice (official acknowledgment letter) from USCIS that your marriage-based green card application (Form I-485) is pending, but only if: You\u2019re married to a green card holder You\u2019re married to a U.S. citizen and applying for a work permit after submitting your green card application (which would be unusual)If you have not been issued a work permit before, you must also submit a copy of one of the following forms of government-issued identification:Birth certificate and a photo ID Copy of a visa (a document placed in your passport) that was issued by the consulate of a country other than the United States Other national identity document with your photo and\/or fingerprintHow long does it take to get a work permit?In general, it takes around 150 days (sometimes more) for USCIS to process work permit applications. (Previously, USCIS processed work permit applications within 90 days, but a growing backlog has caused additional delays.)Who is not eligible for a work permit?According to USCIS, if you are eligible for a marriage-based green card, you are also eligible for a work permit. As long as you have a pending green card application (Form I-485), you may apply for the work permit.What are the reasons for denial of a work permit in the USA?There are two primary reasons that your work permit might be denied. The first is if you filled out the work permit application form (I-485) incorrectly, forgot to sign it, or left out a required element (for example, if you applied for the work permit after your green card application, and you failed to include a copy of the original USCIS receipt notice). The second, less common reason for denial is that your green card application is processed so quickly that you already have an approved green card before your work permit application is finished being processed. This is a good (if rare) problem to have, since once you have a green card, you don\u2019t need a separate work permit in order to legally work.With Boundless, you get a professionally assembled green card application package \u2014 including the work permit application \u2014 arranged in the precise format the government prefers. \n Learn more, or \n check if you qualify for a marriage-based green card.What if you already have work authorization?It\u2019s not uncommon for someone who came to the United States as a student or through a temporary work visa to meet and fall in love with their spouse in the United States. If you are already working in the United States with a valid H-1B visa, through the Optional Practical Training (OPT) program for recent graduates, or through any other work visa, you don\u2019t have to stop working just because you\u2019re applying for a green card. But it\u2019s still a good idea to submit an application for a work permit when you apply for your marriage-based green card. That\u2019s because there are no obvious disadvantages to having two types of work authorization at the same time, and having a work permit based on your green card application gives you peace of mind\u2014for example, in case your H-1B visa isn\u2019t renewed, or if you\u2019d like to switch employers or start your own business. The work permit based on your green card application is an \u201copen market\u201d Employment Authorization Document\u2014that is, it doesn\u2019t tie you to one particular sponsoring employer.Renewing your work permitIt\u2019s important to avoid any gaps in employment authorization, and to remember that your immigration work permit only lasts one year. Fortunately, you can apply for a renewal work permit as early as 120 days (4 months) before your current one expires. To be on the safe side, it\u2019s a good idea to renew as early as possible, even if you expect that your green card will be approved before your current work permit expires. Remember\u2014if your work permit expires before your green card application is approved and you haven\u2019t renewed it, you\u2019ll be forced to take a vacation from any income-producing activities, whether you\u2019re an employee or if you own a business. To renew your work permit, you will file another Form I-765 with a copy of the USCIS receipt notice showing that you have a pending green card application. You\u2019ll also need to include a copy of your current work permit and two passport-sized photos. Renewal work permits generally take about 150 days (or longer) to process, so again, it\u2019s important to start the renewal process early.Boundless stays with you until the green card finish line, helping you keep on top of follow-on forms and every other important milestone along your immigration journey. \n Learn more, or \n check your eligibility for free.Getting ready to\u00a0workIf you\u2019ve never worked in the United States before, you\u2019ll need to get a Social Security number (SSN) as soon as you get your work permit. Under the previous Form I-765, obtaining a Social Security Number could not be done through the work permit application itself. You had to go to your local Social Security Administration office, fill out the application for a Social Security number, and show the officer your passport and your work permit. Your Social Security card would then be mailed to whatever address you provided on your application form. Fortunately, in late 2017 USCIS introduced a new and improved Form I-765, which now allows you to apply for a Social Security number or replacement Social Security card directly through the work permit application itself, without having to visit the local Social Security Administration office. Although it is not required that you apply for a Social Security number using the revised form, doing so will save you a lot of time and paperwork. (Note that beginning on December 4, 2017, USCIS is not accepting the old Form I-765.) When you start work, your employer is required to have you complete an I-9 form and to show proof that you are allowed to work in the United States. As long as you have a social security number and a work permit, it\u2019s illegal for employers in the United States to discriminate against you because of your immigration status. You\u2019ll be required to pay payroll and income taxes in the United States, just like everyone else.Failure to pay required taxes can result in many serious penalties\u00a0and can jeopardize any future application for U.S. citizenship.Consequences of Working Without AuthorizationWorking in the United States without a work permit can put your entire green card application at risk. USCIS will closely scrutinize any green card application from an applicant who has previously worked without authorization. USCIS can overlook unauthorized employment only in some very specific situations\u2014for example, spouses of U.S. citizens who have previously worked without authorization will not be barred from receiving a green card. The penalties for working without authorization include being barred from entering the United States for three or ten years, depending on how long you were working without a permit. For example, if you work without authorization while in the United States on a tourist visa and later apply for a student visa, your unauthorized employment will make you ineligible for that student visa. You are required to have a work permit even for short-term or informal employment. Getting paid for even just a few hours of work without authorization can cause serious immigration problems in the future. Fortunately, applying for a work permit is relatively easy, especially if you submit the application at the same time as your green card application. Having a work permit means you\u2019ll be able to start (or continue) your career in the United States well before your green card application is processed. Even if you\u2019re unsure whether you\u2019ll be working in future, it\u2019s a good idea to apply for a work permit in case an excellent professional opportunity comes along!Do you have confidential questions about how your situation might affect your green card application? With Boundless, you get an independent immigration attorney who can help you understand your options. Find out more about \n what you get with Boundless, or \n start your application now.\n\n \n Boundless \u2014 for people who want the expertiseof an immigration lawyer, not the price tag.\n \n \n \n Check My Eligibility\n \n \n \n Learn what we do for you\n \n \n \nRelated informationWhere to Get an Employment Verification LetterGreen Cards, ExplainedMarriage Green Cards, ExplainedHow is a Fianc\u00e9 Visa Different from a Marriage-Based Green Card?How Long Does It Take to Get a Marriage Green Card in the U.S.?What Are The Costs of a Marriage-Based Green Card?What Documents Do I Need for a Marriage-Based Green Card?What Is an Affidavit of Support?Preparing for the Green Card Interview","excerpt":"The ability to work not only allows you to support yourself and your family financially, but can also be important to your sense of self-esteem. If you\u2019re applying for a marriage visa from within the United States, you might be","permalink":"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/immigration-resources\/the-work-permit-explained\/"},{"id":2622,"title":"Translating Your Immigration Documents into English","subtitle":"How to get a certified translation of a foreign-language document","body":"How do you get a certified translation of a document that is not in English?As part of the marriage-based green card process, you\u2019ll need to submit documented evidence supporting your application. If any supporting document is not written in English, you must provide a certified translation. This guide will walk you through the process of properly obtaining and submitting a certified translation.Which documents need to be translated into English?Any document that the U.S. government requires for a marriage-based green card application must be translated into English \u2014 whether that document applies to the sponsoring spouse or the spouse seeking the green card. Some examples include:Birth certificate (this is the most common document needing translation) Marriage certificate Divorce papers (if you were previously married) Police records Bank statementsFor a more detailed list, please see the Boundless guide to documents required for a marriage-based green card.Who is qualified to translate a foreign-language document into English?Any person who considers themselves competent in both English and the document\u2019s original language (such as Mandarin or Spanish) can be the certified translator.\u00a0(See below for a full explanation of the certification requirement.)Although the current immigration law allows you or your spouse to be your own translators \u2014 if you can certify that you are truly competent in both languages \u2014 the decision to accept a certified English translation is always at the discretion of the immigration officer reviewing your documents. It is therefore a good idea to seek the help of a professional translation service or a friend or family member with such experience to avoid any delays or complications with your\u00a0marriage-based green card\u00a0application.Some U.S. embassies and consulates also restrict acceptable translators to certain agencies. The U.S. embassy in Athens, Greece, for instance, will only accept translations from the Greek Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (Make sure to check the specific requirements of the U.S. embassy or consulate in your area\u00a0before enlisting a service.)Should the translation be typed, or can it be handwritten?The translation itself must be typed. It must also be accompanied by a certification letter from the translator (see below for more details). Although technically it\u2019s allowed for that certification letter to be handwritten, it\u2019s best to type it up \u2014 nobody wants a green card application delay due to poor-quality documents.Does the translation need to be notarized?The government\u2019s official rules do not formally require a translation to be notarized. According to the U.S. Department of State\u2019s website, however, \u201cthe certification of the translator\u2019s credentials is usually notarized.\u201d In other words, it\u2019s generally a good idea to have the certification letter notarized if possible.At what stage are translations required?Most supporting documents, along with any necessary translations, are submitted as part of the initial green card application package. However, you may need to submit your documents at other stages of the green card application process, such as if the government sends extra questions through a request for evidence (RFE). You will also bring original copies of your documentation, including translations, when you attend the green card interview.How much does a translation cost?If you don\u2019t have a friend or family member doing your translations for free, prices will vary significantly by location, service provider, and the number of documents and their complexity. In the United States, however, $20-40 per page is not uncommon for professional translation services (see list of providers below).With Boundless, you get an independent immigration attorney who will review your application and answer all of your questions.\n Learn more about what you get with Boundless, or\n start your application.Don\u2019t panic! Although the government requires a translated document to be \u201ccertified,\u201d it does not require the person performing the translation to be officially credentialed in translation services. In other words, the translator doesn\u2019t need to be a professional, just competent in English and the foreign language in which your document was originally written.For a document to be considered \u201ccertified,\u201d the person who translated it into English must write a formal letter stating that they:Are qualified to translate the document because they are competent in both English and the document\u2019s original language. Translated the document accurately and completely to the best of their abilities.In addition, the letter must include the following information about the translator:Full name Address Signature Date they wrote the letterYou must submit this certification letter with the translations and photocopies of the untranslated documents.Sample certification letterCertification by TranslatorI, [full name], certify that I am [fluent or conversant] in English and [foreign language], and that the above\/attached document is an accurate translation of the enclosed document titled [name of document].______________________________Signature[Date][Translator\u2019s Full Name][Translator\u2019s Address]To ensure accuracy and avoid complications with your marriage-based green card application, it\u2019s generally best to seek the services of a reputable and professional translator, preferably one who is experienced in translating documents for immigration purposes (see list of providers below).Your document is an abbreviated version of the originalIf you need to request an official document from a government agency or other official record-keeper, you may receive an \u201cextract\u201d (or abbreviated) version of the document. This is a common practice in countries where documents were originally issued with information that is relevant only to their office or government. The abbreviated version omits the extra information.USCIS and the State Department will accept an official extract version, as long as it was prepared by an authorized official and has all the information necessary to decide on a green card application. (For example, an acceptable extracted birth certificate would fully identify your parents, while the government would most likely reject an extracted birth certificate that listed only your name and date and place of birth.) It\u2019s important to have a faithful translation of the whole document, whether or not it\u2019s an official extracted version \u2014 the translator isn\u2019t allowed to make their own abbreviations.Although Boundless does not currently offer translation services, the following providers are either highly rated by Google users or recommended by our customers for satisfactory service. Neither Boundless nor the U.S. government endorses these providers, which are displayed here by popular demand and for informational purposes only.Translation Services Provider Name Cost Day Translations Fees vary JR Language Starting at $58 (additional costs for extra services) Rev.com $33 per page (250 words or fewer) RushTranslate $25 per page (250 words or fewer) Silvergate Evaluations $0.18 per word ($100 minimum) or $0.22 per word for next-day service ($150 minimum) Straker Translations $96 per document Universal Translation Services $20 per page (200 words or fewer) or $0.12 per word (more than 200 words) \n\n \n Boundless \u2014 for people who want the expertiseof an immigration lawyer, not the price tag.\n \n \n \n Check My Eligibility\n \n \n \n Learn what we do for you\n \n \n \nRelated InformationWhat Documents Do We Need for a Marriage Green Card?Understanding a Request for Evidence (RFE)Preventing a Request for Evidence (RFE)Creating Flawless Digital Documents","excerpt":"How do you get a certified translation of a document that is not in English?As part of the marriage-based green card process, you\u2019ll need to submit documented evidence supporting your application. If any supporting document is not written in English,","permalink":"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/immigration-resources\/translating-immigration-documents-english\/"},{"id":5703,"title":"What Is a Green Card Joint Sponsor?","subtitle":"The responsibilities of a financial co-sponsor on an Affidavit of Support (Form I-864)","body":"What is a joint sponsor?A joint sponsor \u2014 or a financial co-sponsor \u2014 is a U.S. citizen or green card holder (permanent resident) who agrees to take on the legal obligation of financially supporting an applicant for a family-based green card. Enlisting the help of a joint sponsor is typically an option when the income (and assets, if any) of the \u201cprimary sponsor\u201d and their household alone cannot meet the minimum financial requirement for a family-based green card.Many prospective joint sponsors are understandably concerned about the legal commitment involved in this arrangement. But there\u2019s no need to worry! The joint sponsor\u2019s obligations have an expiration date, and it\u2019s rare for joint sponsors to ever actually need to provide financial support. Joint sponsorship is essentially an insurance policy for the U.S. government in the unlikely event that the primary sponsor cannot fulfill their financial obligation to the future green card holder.Throughout the rest of this article, we will focus just on joint sponsors for spouses seeking a marriage-based green card. More specifically, this guide will cover:When a joint sponsor is needed The responsibilities of a joint sponsor How to become a joint sponsorNot sure if you need a joint sponsor for a marriage-based green card? You can \n check if you meet the minimum income requirement on your own through Boundless \u2014 without providing any personal information. When you\u2019re ready to apply, Boundless can guide you through every milestone of the marriage-based green card process, starting with Form I-130 all the way to the finish line. \n Learn more, or \n start your application.As mentioned earlier, a joint sponsor is typically needed when the sponsoring spouse (the primary sponsor in this case) and their household do not have sufficient income and assets to satisfy the minimum financial requirement for a marriage-based green card.The minimum for most sponsors is 125% of the Federal Poverty Guidelines for their household size and location. For a couple who live in the 48 contiguous states (mainland United States) and have no children, the required minimum annual income is currently $20,575. If income is too low, then assets can be used \u2014 but these assets must equal 5 times the difference between the joint sponsor\u2019s income and the minimum required income.Boundless has a detailed guide on the income and asset requirements by location for different household sizes. This guide also includes information about the types of income and assets that a joint sponsor can use to meet the financial requirement.Boundless takes your green card application forms, including the financial sponsorship form, and turns them into simple questions you can answer online, typically in under two hours, compared with days or weeks the traditional way. Learn more about \n our services, or \n check if you qualify for a marriage-based green card based on your household income and location \u2014 without providing any personal information.Having a joint sponsor helps to ensure that the spouse seeking a green card will receive enough financial support to cover basic living needs and prevent them from becoming a \u201cpublic charge\u201d \u2014 that is, dependent on government benefits \u2014 upon arriving in the United States. To that end, the joint sponsor must fulfill a number of obligations until those obligations end.What are the obligations of a joint sponsor?1. Providing financial support: Being a joint sponsor means being equally responsible as the sponsoring spouse (the primary sponsor) for financially supporting the marriage-based green card holder. That is, they must maintain a minimum annual income of 125% of the Federal Poverty Guidelines for their household size until their obligations to the green card holder end (see below).2. Reimbursing the government for use of public benefits: The purpose of having a financial co-sponsor is to prevent the marriage-based green card holder from becoming a \u201cpublic charge,\u201d a person who depends primarily on the government for support.This does not mean, however, that all public assistance benefits are off limits to the marriage-based green card holder. The government distinguishes between benefits that make a person a public charge \u2014 cash assistance (for example, Supplemental Security Income, or \u201cSSI\u201d) \u2014 and benefits that don\u2019t \u2014 noncash assistance and \u201cspecial-purpose\u201d cash assistance (such as Medicaid and unemployment compensation). See the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) website for a list of each type.If the green card holder receives \u201cpublic charge\u201d benefits from a federal, state, or local government agency before the joint sponsor\u2019s obligations end, the joint sponsor and the sponsoring spouse may need to repay the amount of those benefits to the agency.If the green card holder receives \u201cnon-public charge\u201d benefits, the joint sponsor and sponsoring spouse will not have to repay their value to the government. Some government agencies may also count the joint sponsor\u2019s income as the green card holder\u2019s income, however, when deciding whether to provide benefits and the appropriate amount. In other words, if the joint sponsor\u2019s income meets 125% of the Federal Poverty Guidelines (or other percentage, depending on the specific agency\u2019s application criteria) for their household size, which would include the green card holder, then the green card holder may be denied benefits or receive a lower amount.IMPORTANT: USCIS recently proposed a change to its policy on determining who is a \u201cpublic charge.\u201d If enacted, the new policy will expand the list of benefits that make visa and green card applicants dependent on the government (or likely to be in the future). See our explanation of the \u201cPublic Charge\u201d rule for the full details.3. Updating your address: Until the joint sponsor\u2019s obligations end (see below), they must notify USCIS every time they move. They must provide their new address on Form I-865 (officially called the \u201cSponsor\u2019s Notice of Change of Address\u201d) within 30 days after relocating.What are not obligations of the joint sponsor?A joint sponsor is not responsible for:The marriage-based green card holder\u2019s taxes and private debts (such as credit card, medical, or student loan debt, mortgage, or rent) The marriage-based green card holder\u2019s encounters with law enforcementWhen will those obligations start?The joint sponsor\u2019s obligations begin only upon approval of the marriage-based green card.When will those obligations end?A joint sponsor\u2019s responsibilities terminate when the marriage-based green card holder experiences any of the following:Becomes a U.S. citizen Has worked 40 quarters (10 years) in the United States Is no longer a green card holder and has left the United States (known officially as \u201cabandonment of permanent residence\u201d) Is deceased Is approved for a new green card after being placed in removal (deportation) proceedingsThe joint sponsor\u2019s death also ends their obligations. If they owed any support to the marriage-based green card holder before the joint sponsor died, however, the joint sponsor\u2019s estate, if any, may be required to pay those debts.A joint sponsor\u2019s obligations would continue, however, should the sponsoring spouse and marriage-based green card holder end their relationship by divorce.What happens if the joint sponsor does not fulfill their obligations?In the event of\u2026Failure to provide financial support, the marriage-based green card holder may file a lawsuit against the sponsors in order to collect the support they need. In other words, the green card holder could sue the joint sponsor in order to receive the difference between the green card holder\u2019s income (if any) and 125% of the poverty guidelines, whether the green card holder\u2019s income simply fell below that level or the sponsor did not provide that support.Let\u2019s assume, for instance, that the green card holder lost their job. In this case, the green card holder could sue the joint sponsor for the amount that would bring the green card holder\u2019s income up to that threshold.\u00a0Few such lawsuits, however, have ever been brought against sponsors, and all were against former spouses, according to the Immigrant Legal Resource Center (ILRC), a nonprofit group advocating for immigrant rights.Failure to reimburse the government for use of public benefits, the agency that provided these benefits may sue the sponsors to the collect that money, including collection costs and legal fees. According to the ILRC, \u201cIn practice, there have been few government actions to obtain reimbursements for these benefits.\u201dFailure to update their address, they may be fined between $250 and more than $5,000, depending on whether they simply neglected to update the government or had knowledge that the marriage-based green card holder received public benefits that would need to be repaid to the government (see the USCIS website for more details).If all of this sounds complicated and intimidating, don\u2019t worry! With Boundless, you get an independent immigration attorney who can answer all legal questions related to your application. Boundless also makes the whole application process easy by turning all the government requirements into simple questions you can answer online \u2014 on your own time. Learn more about \n how we help you complete the I-864 and all other required forms, or \n check your eligibility for a marriage-based green card.A joint sponsor must meet all of the same requirements as a sponsoring spouse. In other words, they may not combine their income and assets with those of the sponsoring spouse (and that spouse\u2019s household) to meet the minimum income requirement.They must also complete and sign Form I-864, officially called the \u201cAffidavit of Support.\u201d (The sponsoring spouse must complete a separate copy of this form).What are the requirements for a joint sponsor?To qualify, an I-864 joint sponsor must meet all of the following requirements:Be a U.S. citizen or green card holder Be at least 18 years old Reside in the United States or a U.S. territory but not in either spouse\u2019s household Have total household income equal to at least 125% of the Federal Poverty Guidelines for their household size and location (for both the most recent tax filing year and the current year) Be willing to accept joint liability with the sponsoring spouse for financially supporting the spouse seeking a green cardIMPORTANT: The U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) recently proposed raising the effective threshold for the minimum income requirement from 125% to 250% of the Federal Poverty Guidelines for a sponsor\u2019s household size and location. Separately, the spouse seeking a green card may also be required to provide evidence of their ability to financially support themselves, which is not a requirement under current immigration policy. Read the full details in our blog post about the \u201cPublic Charge\u201d rule.Who can be a joint sponsor?Anyone who meets the above requirements can be a joint sponsor. They do not need to be related to either the sponsoring spouse or the spouse seeking a green card. A joint sponsor can be a friend or family member who does not live with either spouse.To help meet the minimum annual income requirement for financial sponsorship, a joint sponsor may also include income and assets from members of their own household, such as:Adult children Adult siblings ParentsTo qualify as a household member, such relatives must have either been claimed as a dependent on the joint sponsor\u2019s most recent individual federal income tax return or lived with them for the past 6 months. The joint sponsor may also include any adult they claimed as a dependent but did not live with them.Each household member or adult dependent must complete Form I-864A (officially called the \u201cContract Between Sponsor and Household Member\u201d) if they combine their income and\/or assets with the joint sponsor\u2019s to meet the minimum annual income requirement. Both the household member\/adult dependent and the joint sponsor must sign this form and attach it to the joint sponsor\u2019s Form I-864.How many joint sponsors are allowed?A spouse seeking a green card may enlist up to 2 joint sponsors, in addition to the sponsoring spouse (the primary sponsor). A second joint sponsor, however, is usually necessary only when there are multiple individuals listed on a single green card application (for example, if the spouse seeking a green card is bringing their children), thus requiring a higher minimum annual income. The second joint sponsor would agree to financially support the remaining applicants that the primary sponsor and first joint sponsor could not.What types of income can the joint sponsor use to meet the financial requirement?A joint sponsor may include the same types of income \u2014 such as wages and salaries, retirement benefits, and alimony \u2014 that a sponsoring spouse may use. See our guide to income requirements for more information.What documents does a joint sponsor need to include with Form I-864?The documents required for a joint sponsor are the same as those required of a sponsoring spouse (the primary sponsor). Please refer to our guide on the documents needed for a marriage-based green card for the full list.They generally include the following:Proof of income (and assets, if any) Proof of U.S. citizenship or green card holder status If relevant, Form I-864A completed by each individual who will combine their income and\/or assets with the joint sponsor\u2019s to meet the minimum annual income requirementStill have questions about joint sponsorship? With Boundless, you get an experienced independent immigration attorney to answer your questions and review your entire green card application, including the Affidavit of Support, for no additional fee. \n Learn more, or \n check if you qualify for a marriage-based green card based on your income.Can Boundless help if the government or marriage-based green card holder sues the joint sponsor?Because Boundless is not a law firm, we would not be able to assist or represent a joint sponsor with any claims made against them by a local, state, or federal government agency (to recover public assistance benefits) or by the marriage-based green card holder (to claim support). Neither could the independent immigration attorney assigned to a Boundless customer (and their spouse) nor any law firm representing the couple, as this would present a conflict of interest. In other words, the independent attorney or law firm engaged by the couple would have no obligation to the joint sponsor, who is not their client.In this case, the joint sponsor would need to hire their own independent attorney to represent their interests in the unlikely event of a lawsuit or to help them understand the risks of joint sponsorship and review the Affidavit of Support (Form I-864).With that in mind, the American Immigration Lawyers Association (AILA) can help find a licensed immigration attorney near you.Alternatively, the U.S. Department of Justice accredits certain nonprofit organizations that provide low-cost or free immigration legal services.\n\n \n Boundless \u2014 for people who want the expertiseof an immigration lawyer, not the price tag.\n \n \n \n Check Your Eligibility\n \n \n \n Learn what we do for you\n \n \n \nRELATED InformationUnderstanding the Affidavit of SupportMinimum Required Income for a Green Card Through MarriageWhat Is the Cost of a Marriage Green Card (Spousal Visa)?Supporting Documents Needed for a Marriage Green CardHow Long Does the Marriage Green Card Process Take?Cost to Apply for U.S. Citizenship","excerpt":"What is a joint sponsor?A joint sponsor \u2014 or a financial co-sponsor \u2014 is a U.S. citizen or green card holder (permanent resident) who agrees to take on the legal obligation of financially supporting an applicant for a family-based green","permalink":"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/immigration-resources\/what-is-a-green-card-joint-sponsor\/"},{"id":2632,"title":"Completing Your Address History on a Green Card Application","subtitle":"How to confidently and accurately provide your record of physical addresses","body":"What address history is required for a green card application?When applying for a marriage-based green card, you\u2019ll need to provide your address history for the past five years to the U.S. government. If you\u2019re applying from abroad, you\u2019ll need to remember all of the addresses where you\u2019ve lived since age 16.This task should be simple if you\u2019ve lived in the same place all these years. But what if you\u2019ve moved enough times to forget some of your previous addresses or exactly when you lived at each one? In this guide, we\u2019ll review how accurate you\u2019re generally expected to be when providing your address history. We\u2019ll also provide some useful tips for remembering your old addresses.Boundless makes it easy to complete your green card application, including your address history. \n Learn how we can help you, or \n get started now.Both the spouse seeking a green card and sponsoring spouse must provide their address history on the appropriate form. The following table lists the forms where spouses will enter their current and previous addresses:Which form? Whose address history? For which years? Family Sponsorship Form (I-130) Sponsoring spouse (U.S. citizen or green card holder) Past 5 years Supplemental Information Form (I-130A) Green card applicant living abroad or in the U.S. Past 5 years Green Card Application (I-485) Green card applicant living in the U.S. Past 5 years Online Green Card Application (DS-260) Green card applicant living abroad Age 16 until now U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) provides official instructions for completing the \u201cAddress History\u201d section of the I-130, I-130A, and I-485 forms. The upshot is that you must include the start and end dates (month\/day\/year) that you physically lived at each address \u2014 whether in the United States or abroad \u2014 during the past five years. If you have lived abroad at any time during those five years, you must also list your last physical address outside the United States where you spent more than one year (you may need to enter this address twice in the same section).USCIS suggests providing an approximate date and including an explanation if you can\u2019t remember the exact date.As for the State Department\u2019s online\u00a0DS-260\u00a0form, the National Visa Center (NVC) requires only the months and years that the green card applicant lived at each address \u2014 but starting at age 16.Note that a \u201cphysical address\u201d is a place where you actually lived \u2014 not a post office box or other address used just for receiving mail.If you can\u2019t recall certain previous addresses or dates, don\u2019t panic. Historically speaking, the U.S. government has generally allowed some flexibility on this portion of the green card application. After all, many people don\u2019t keep perfect records of old addresses and moving dates, especially if they\u2019ve moved frequently, which is typical of individuals who serve in the military.That said, you should treat this section of the application with reasonable care. If you have a lot of unexplained gaps in your address history, your green card application could be delayed or even denied. And accuracy is extremely important when supplying any information to the U.S. government. Near the end of every form, you\u2019ll sign a sworn statement attesting to the truthfulness of your answers. Intentionally providing false information \u2014 formally known as \u201cperjury,\u201d or lying under oath \u2014 is a criminal offense.In other words, you should do your best to give a complete and accurate address history. If you can\u2019t avoid a gap or two in your address history, there are three outcomes you may anticipate from the U.S. government that are less severe than an outright denial:They may accept your address history without question. They may ask you to amend your application with a more complete address history by sending an official request for evidence, or RFE (although this is relatively rare). They may ask about the gaps during your green card interview.It\u2019s always a good idea to either explain any gaps on your forms or eliminate gaps altogether by searching for your old addresses (see below for tips).Boundless can help you easily manage your address history to check for any gaps. \n Learn more, or \n get started!If you\u2019re having trouble recalling previous addresses, you\u2019re not alone. This can be tough if you\u2019ve relocated multiple times over the years and haven\u2019t kept a perfect record of each place where you\u2019ve lived.But there are simple ways to help jog your memory. If you\u2019re having trouble remembering an on old address, try one of these methods:Check your free credit report: Go to AnnualCreditReport.com, a government-endorsed website, and pull your free credit report (provided by each of the three major credit bureaus once per year). Each credit report contains a list of previous addresses based on credit accounts, such as credit cards and loans, that you\u2019ve opened in the past seven to 10 years. Keep in mind, however, that these reports will only list where you\u2019ve lived, not when.If you\u2019ve never opened a credit account before, you can request a different type of consumer report from an agency that tracks your financial activity. You must pay for access to these reports, however, and the cost will vary by reporting agency.Dig through your order history: If you\u2019ve made purchases from the same online retailers, such as Amazon or eBay, for the past several years, you can check your order history for addresses you\u2019ve used.Look at your income tax returns: Besides needing to provide a photocopy of your most recent federal income tax return with your financial support form (I-864), you can also use your returns to find your address \u2014 often your home address \u2014 during a particular filing year.Search other old records: If you live abroad, or previously did, you may not have filed a U.S. tax return or have a credit record to help you track down an old address. In this situation, you may have better luck looking through old documents, such as bank statements, employment contracts, medical records, and school files.Have a question about your address history? With Boundless, you get an independent immigration attorney who will answer all of your questions and review your entire green card application. \n Get started today.\n\n \n Boundless \u2014 for people who want the expertiseof an immigration lawyer, not the price tag.\n \n \n \n Check My Eligibility\n \n \n \n Learn what we do for you\n \n \n \n\nRelated InformationTranslating Your Immigration Documents into EnglishWhat Documents Do We Need for a Marriage Green Card?Online Choice of Address and Agent (Form DS-261)Understanding a Request for Evidence (RFE)Preventing a Request for Evidence (RFE)Creating Flawless Digital Documents","excerpt":"What address history is required for a green card application?When applying for a marriage-based green card, you\u2019ll need to provide your address history for the past five years to the U.S. government. If you\u2019re applying from abroad, you\u2019ll need to","permalink":"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/immigration-resources\/completing-your-address-history-on-a-green-card-application\/"},{"id":80,"title":"Avoiding Immigration Scams","subtitle":"Common immigration scams and how to avoid them","body":"Immigration scams can cost you money immediately, cause serious immigration consequences, or lead to identity theft that could have a long-term impact on your financial well-being.Unfortunately, many factors make immigrants a frequent target for scammers. Many immigrants are anxious about the immigration process, unsure if they qualify for green cards or other visas, and unfamiliar with how the U.S. government conducts business. And many immigrants don\u2019t speak English as their first language, or aren\u2019t deeply familiar with cultural norms in the United States.If you have any doubts about whether someone claiming to be from U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is an imposter, you should contact USCIS customer service at 800-375-5283.There are scammers who target immigrants at all steps of the immigration process. Here are some common scams and how you can avoid them.One of the most persistent immigration scams involves unqualified and unscrupulous individuals who offer to help immigrants file paperwork with the government in return for a large fee\u2014but then either never file the paperwork, or apply for immigration benefits that their \u201cclients\u201d are not eligible for, often creating more immigration problems for their victims.One especially deceptive advertising tactic used by many such individuals is to call themselves \u201cnotario,\u201d \u201cnotario p\u00fablico,\u201d or \u201cnotary public.\u201d In Latin America and Europe, a \u201cnotario\u201d or notary public often refers to someone who has a high level of education and the equivalent of a license to practice law. In the United States, however, a notary public is someone who is simply licensed to witness signatures, and the designation carries no specific educational requirements. Thus many scammers use terms like \u201cnotario\u201d to pose as lawyers, when in fact they have little or no legal training.According to USCIS, there are only two kinds of \u201cauthorized immigration service providers\u201d who are allowed to provide legal advice about your specific immigration case and communicate with USCIS on your behalf:Licensed attorneys in good standing: If you choose to work with a lawyer, he or she must be licensed to practice law by at least one state (check here), and must not appear on the Department of Justice (DOJ) list of badly behaving attorneys (check here).Accredited non-lawyers: Within DOJ, the Executive Office for Immigration Review (EOIR) recognizes certain nonprofit organizations that are allowed to provide legal services. Any non-lawyer within such an organization must appear on this DOJ list of accredited representatives.Resources for finding authorized legal help include the DOJ\u2019s list of free (pro bono) immigration lawyers, this nonprofit directory of legal aid organizations, and the American Immigration Lawyers Association lawyer search tool.Even after you\u2019ve checked to make sure you\u2019re working with an authorized legal services provider, it\u2019s always a good idea to make sure you understand their process, timeline, and fee structure before getting started.(Boundless is not a law firm\u2014we help you complete and file your own green card application, and we connect you with an independent immigration attorney to provide legal advice.)The other major type of immigration scam is people and websites pretending to be from government agencies, typically USCIS or Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE).When scammers impersonate a USCIS or ICE official, they often call, email, or visit the victim and tell him or her that there is a problem with his or her immigration status. The scammers will then offer to \u201cfix\u201d the problem in return for a fee. The scammers may falsely threaten that failure to pay the fee will result in a visa application being denied, or even in deportation.While these imposter scams often focus on getting an immediate payment, there are also scams that simply collect or \u201cverify\u201d personal information like names, dates of birth, social security numbers, and addresses\u2014all of which can then be used to steal the victim\u2019s identity.Here are some specific scams that have been reported in recent years:Phone scams: The victim gets a phone call that appears to be from the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) hotline number or from a USCIS local office number\u2014but the real phone number is hidden. In one version of this \u201cspoofing\u201d scam, the scammer says that he or she is from \u201cU.S. Immigration,\u201d and requests personal information or asks for payment. Remember, USCIS will not ask for personal information over the phone, and DHS never uses its hotline number for outgoing calls.Deportation threats: In an attempt to cash in on the fear of deportation, fake \u201cICE agents\u201d knock on immigrants\u2019 doors, give them fake warrants, or accost them on the streets, threatening to deport them if they fail to pay hundreds or thousands of dollars. Real ICE agents will not allow you to avoid arrest in exchange for money.Diversity visa scam: The victim gets an email that impersonates the U.S. State Department and claims that he or she has won the diversity visa lottery. This scam usually asks the victim to send money via Western Union in order to \u201cprocess the visa application\u201d\u2014which the real State Department would never do.Scam websites: The victim is encouraged to file immigration paperwork and pay USCIS fees through a website with a logo and a web address similar to official U.S. government websites. These \u201ccopycat\u201d websites lead immigrants to believe that they are paying a government filing fee to USCIS, when in fact the money is going to the scammers operating the website. Scam websites will also sometimes claim to file immigration forms directly with USCIS, leading victims to believe that their immigration paperwork is being processed by the government when it was actually never submitted.Fortunately, spotting immigration scams isn\u2019t too difficult if you know what to look for. Here are some top signs that you\u2019re dealing with a scammer:The news is too good to be true. For example, if other attorneys have said that you don\u2019t qualify for a green card, but this one says it will be no problem, it might be a scam. Likewise, you won\u2019t be able to avoid deportation by paying ICE officials a few hundred dollars (or any amount, in fact).Any \u201cguarantee\u201d of a specific result. Qualified immigration attorneys and representatives know that each case is unique, and that there is never an absolute \u201cguarantee\u201d that the applicant will receive the green card or other immigration benefit that he or she is seeking.No explanation of the process or your eligibility. Scammers will often simply promise that you\u2019ll get a green card or a work permit, asking for individual pieces of information or documents without explaining how the process works or why you are eligible in the first place.Communicating in a way that the government never would. First of all, any official U.S. government website or email address should always end in \u201c.gov\u201d\u2014if not, and the website or email claims to be from the government, it\u2019s probably a scam. Likewise, USCIS will never call you to request information about your case.Strange payments. Only a scammer would ask you to pay a fee in a strange way, such as through Western Union, PayPal, or even an iTunes gift card. In fact, USCIS has clear fee instructions for paying by a check or money order made out to \u201cU.S. Department of Homeland Security.\u201d If you failed to pay a required government fee with your application, USCIS will return your application to you to be refiled, but will never call or email requesting payment. There are some specific circumstances where you can use a credit card to pay USCIS fees, but you should never be asked to do so over the phone or in an email.If you\u2019ve either been the victim of a scam or have been contacted by someone you think is a scammer, you should immediately report it to both your state authorities and the Federal Trade Commission.If you receive a suspicious email, don\u2019t respond to it\u2014but do forward it to the USCIS Webmaster (USCIS.Webmaster@uscis.dhs.gov) so that they can investigate.Reporting an immigration scam will not affect your application, and can often be done anonymously. It\u2019s the right thing to do, so that government officials can more effectively stop the scammers from targeting future victims.You can avoid unscrupulous notarios and other immigration scams by being vigilant and using common sense. Doing so will help ensure that your immigration process runs smoothly, that you don\u2019t pay more than what\u2019s required, and that you successfully obtain the green card or other immigration benefits that you\u2019re eligible for under law.\n\n \n Boundless \u2014 for people who want the expertiseof an immigration lawyer, not the price tag.\n \n \n \n Check My Eligibility\n \n \n \n Learn what we do for you\n \n \n \nRelated informationMarriage Green Cards, ExplainedGetting Started with Green CardsHow Is a Fianc\u00e9 Visa Different from a Marriage-Based Green Card?How Long Does It Take to Get a Marriage Green Card in the U.S.?What Are The Costs of a Marriage-Based Green Card?What Documents Do I Need for a Marriage-Based Green Card?What Is an Affidavit of Support?Preparing for the Green Card Interview","excerpt":"Immigration scams can cost you money immediately, cause serious immigration consequences, or lead to identity theft that could have a long-term impact on your financial well-being.Unfortunately, many factors make immigrants a frequent target for scammers. Many immigrants are anxious about","permalink":"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/immigration-resources\/avoiding-immigration-scams\/"},{"id":1361,"title":"The Marriage Green Card Interview, Explained","subtitle":"How to prepare for a successful green card interview","body":"What is the marriage green card interview?The final step in the marriage green card process is the interview. The interviewing officer\u2019s primary goal is to assess the authenticity of the marriage. Questions can focus on the history of the couple\u2019s relationship, their daily activities as a wife and husband, and their future plans as a couple. If the interviewing officer is sufficiently convinced that the marriage is not fraudulent, they will approve the spouse for a green card.The interview is the last big step in the marriage green card application process, and it can be the most intimidating and stressful element. You can reduce this stress by knowing what to expect and assembling an organized file to bring to the interview.Green card interviews within the United States are handled by U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), while green card interviews abroad are handled by the U.S. State Department.For Spouses living together in the United StatesOnce USCIS has finished reviewing all of your green card application materials, your file is transferred to the local USCIS field office closest to where the two of you live. The local office will then issue an appointment notice informing you that you must both attend an interview at a certain time, date, and location.For Spouses Living AbroadOnce the State Department\u2019s National Visa Center (NVC) has finished reviewing all of your green card application materials, your file is transferred to the U.S. consulate that processes green card applications in the foreign spouse\u2019s home country. The consulate will then issue an appointment notice informing the foreign spouse that they alone must attend an interview at a certain time, date, and location.\u00a0The sponsoring spouse does not attend this interview.The following actions can help you prepare for a smoother green card interview:Refresh your memories: Sit down together (or schedule\u00a0an extended phone conversation) during the week before your interview and go over the key dates and events in the history of your relationship. Collect your prior documents: Prepare the original documents of all the copies you submitted to the government in your green card application package (including passports, birth certificates, marriage certificate, court records, and prior divorce documents, plus photos and other evidence of the authenticity of your marriage). Prepare new documents: Prepare copies of more documents that help prove the authenticity of your marriage\u2014examples include recent photos together, birth certificates of any children born to the two of you, joint income tax returns, recent joint bank account statements, joint property documents, and joint insurance documents. If you\u2019re living in different countries, consider including\u00a0copies of travel itineraries for vacations you took together (especially to the foreign spouse\u2019s home country) and copies of phone records showing you talk on the phone regularly. Here are more ideas on documents you can use to prove that your marriage is authentic. Get organized: Organize all of your documents in a folder, and place any photos in a chronological album.The Interviewing OfficerThe interview will be conducted by a USCIS officer (in the United States) or a consular officer (abroad) who is specifically trained for such marriage-based green card interviews. The interviewing officer\u2019s primary goal is to assess the authenticity of the marriage.The interviewing officer is also looking to assess whether the foreign spouse qualifies for a green card. The officer will address details surrounding the spouse\u2019s entry to the United States, any arrests, and previous immigration history. This includes previous statements made at embassies and consulates, and to customs and immigration officers at the airport.the Interview questionsAt the interview, questions will typically focus on the history of your relationship, your day-to-day activities as a married couple, and your future plans together. The interview is also an opportunity for you to present extra evidence to prove the authenticity of your marriage.Check out this list of common interview questions, which can get very personal.\u00a0It\u2019s important to answer the interviewing officer\u2019s questions honestly, directly, and succinctly.Often couples feel pressured to have an answer to every question. It\u2019s better to say \u201cI don\u2019t know\u201d or \u201cI don\u2019t remember\u201d than trying to make something up to answer a question.interviewing separatelyIt is common for a couple in the United States to be interviewed together by the same USCIS officer. Sometimes, however, couples will arrive at a USCIS interview expecting to be interviewed together, but find that they will be interviewed separately\u2014either by two different officers, or by the same officer but one at a time.This type of interview is referred to as a \u201cStokes\u201d interview. (In case you\u2019re curious, the name comes from a court case, Stokes vs. INS, that established important rights for the couple being interviewed.) Often officers from USCIS\u2019 Fraud Detection and National Security unit (FDNS) will conduct these interviews. Each spouse is interviewed separately and their answers are then compared for inconsistencies. A couple that has already been interviewed once could also be called in a second time for a Stokes interview.In general, there are at least three reasons that a couple would get the extra scrutiny of a Stokes interview:USCIS has identified general \u201cred flags\u201d that suggest the possibility of a fraudulent marriage (for example: a large age gap between the spouses, a very short marriage, very different cultural backgrounds, or different addresses showing up for the spouses online). USCIS has uncovered potentially adverse evidence about the marriage based on an FDNS investigation. During the course of a regular interview, the USCIS officer can choose to switch to a Stokes interview format if new information has come up that they want to explore more.There are typically five possible outcomes to a green card interview:Approval: The officer will inform you in person that they are going to approve your case. Request for evidence (RFE): The officer will issue an RFE for more information. Most commonly, the RFE will ask for extra documentary proof that your relationship is authentic, such as additional utility bills, bank statements, or statements from friends and family regarding the relationship. Additional review: The officer will state that your case needs additional review, and that you must wait for either a final decision or additional next steps to arrive in the mail. Second interview: The officer will invite you for a second interview to further discuss certain areas of your relationship or background. You will receive another interview notice from USCIS or your consulate in the mail. Denial: If\u00a0clear ineligibility is established at the interview, the officer can deny a case on the spot. Some factors that may negatively affect the green card applicant\u2019s eligibility include insufficient documents, issues uncovered in the background check, or immigration history issues. More\u00a0often than not, however, the officer will give you an opportunity to clear up such issues before reaching a final decision.\n\n \n Boundless \u2014 for people who want the expertiseof an immigration lawyer, not the price tag.\n \n \n \n Check My Eligibility\n \n \n \n Learn what we do for you\n \n \n \n","excerpt":"What is the marriage green card interview?The final step in the marriage green card process is the interview. The interviewing officer\u2019s primary goal is to assess the authenticity of the marriage. Questions can focus on the history of the couple\u2019s","permalink":"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/immigration-resources\/marriage-green-card-interview-explained\/"},{"id":4690,"title":"2019 U.S. Citizenship Requirements","subtitle":"Understanding the naturalization requirements for green card holders","body":"What are the requirements for U.S. citizenship?In order to become a U.S. citizen, all naturalization applicants must meet the following requirements (unless they qualify for an exemption or apply based on their U.S. military service):Be of the minimum required age (typically, at least 18) Continuously and physically live in the United States as a green card holder for a certain number of years Establish residency in the state or U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) district where they intend to apply Have \u201cgood moral character\u201d Be proficient in basic spoken and written English and demonstrate knowledge of U.S. history and government Register for military service (if a male of a certain age) and be willing to perform civil service when required Swear allegiance to the United StatesIn the following sections, we\u2019ll discuss each of these requirements in greater detail. Boundless also has a detailed guide to U.S. citizenship to help you understand the entire process.Not sure if you\u2019re eligible for naturalization? You can \n check your eligibility through Boundless without providing any personal information. When you\u2019re ready to apply, Boundless can guide you through every milestone of the naturalization process, starting with your N-400 application all the way to the finish line. \n Learn more, or \n start your application now.You must be at least 18 years old to apply for naturalization \u2014 unless you\u2019re applying based on any period of wartime military service, in which case you may be any age. Our guide to naturalization has more details about eligibility and exemptions.For the flat rate of $395, Boundless helps you complete your entire naturalization application, including all supporting documents, independent attorney review, and support from the moment your application is filed until you obtain U.S. citizenship. Learn more about \n our services, or \n get started today.Demonstrating \u201ccontinuous presence\u201dYou must have continuously lived in the United States as a green card holder for at least five years (or at least three years if you\u2019re married to a U.S. citizen). \u201cContinuously\u201d means you did not take any trips outside of the United States that each lasted six months or longer during the 3\u20135 years you\u2019re required to have a green card (plus the extra period while USCIS processes your U.S. citizenship application). In other words, you\u2019re allowed to leave the United States \u2014 just make sure to return within six months every time.IMPORTANT: If you leave the United States for more than six months as a green card holder, USCIS will presume that you abandoned your permanent residence in the United States, and they\u2019ll deny your U.S. citizenship application.There are ways to overcome that presumption even if you do take an extended trip abroad. The chance of success, however, depends on a few factors:How long you stayed outside the United States How compelling your reason was for not coming back sooner The discretion of the USCIS officer evaluating your application (officers can still deny your application based on other reasons, including if you took frequent trips abroad)Those applying for naturalization based on a certain period or type of military service do not need to meet this \u201ccontinuous presence\u201d requirement. See this eligibility chart to learn when certain military service members can apply for naturalization.You may submit your naturalization application as early as 90 days before you actually finish waiting the required three or five years. Our guide to Form N-400 has more details.IF YOU STAYED ABROAD FOR 181 TO 364 DAYSTo avoid being denied citizenship, you\u2019ll need to convince the USCIS officer evaluating your application that you didn\u2019t intend to abandon your permanent residence in the United States during the time you were abroad (for more than six months but less than one year).To accomplish this, you\u2019ll need to provide evidence that you maintained strong ties to the United States. This evidence could show, for example, that you:Kept your job in the United States and didn\u2019t seek employment while abroad Have immediate family members who remained in the United States Kept your home in the United States Enrolled your children in a U.S. schoolIF YOU STAYED ABROAD FOR 365 DAYS OR MOREIf you stayed abroad for one year or longer, USCIS will automatically assume you abandoned your permanent residence in the United States. They will deny your U.S. citizenship application, and you\u2019ll have to wait before you can reapply:If you had to wait five years to apply for citizenship, you\u2019ll need to wait at least four years and one day upon returning from your trip abroad to reapply. If you had to wait three years to apply for citizenship (as the spouse of a U.S. citizen), you\u2019ll need to wait at least two years and one day upon returning from your trip abroad to reapply.HOW TO AVOID BREAKING CONTINUOUS PRESENCETo avoid the presumption that you abandoned your permanent resident status, it\u2019s important to take certain precautions prior to leaving the United States.Here are your options:1. Apply for a \u201cre-entry permit.\u201d If you anticipate needing to stay abroad for at least one year, it\u2019s essential to apply for a \u201cre-entry permit\u201d (using Form I-131, officially called the \u201cApplication for Travel Document\u201d) before you leave the United States.IMPORTANT: Form I-131 is used to apply for both a re-entry permit and a typical travel permit. But these two permits \u2014 though both intended to allow the traveler to re-enter the United States upon returning from a trip abroad \u2014 are not the same: a re-entry permit is issued to current green card holders, whereas a travel permit is issued to green card applicants.You\u2019ll need to provide biometrics while you\u2019re in the United States, but you can request to pick up your re-entry permit from the U.S. embassy or consulate in the country where you plan to visit (or ask for expedited processing if your trip is due to an emergency). The re-entry permit is valid for two years and cannot be extended, so you must return before the two years has concluded. Otherwise, you most likely won\u2019t be allowed to re-enter the United States.2. Apply for \u201cpreservation\u201d of your permanent residence. You\u2019ll be allowed to keep your permanent resident status if you must stay abroad for one year or longer because of your work, but it must be a specific type of work approved by the U.S. government. (USCIS lists the types of employment that qualify.) To apply for \u201cpreservation\u201d of your permanent residence, you\u2019ll need to submit Form N-470 (officially called the \u201cApplication to Preserve Residence for Naturalization Purposes\u201d) to USCIS \u2014 in addition to applying for a re-entry permit (see above).3. Apply for a \u201creturning resident visa.\u201d If you didn\u2019t anticipate needing to stay abroad for one year or longer because of unforeseen circumstances, such as a medical emergency, and therefore did not apply for a re-entry permit before leaving the United States, then it\u2019s essential to apply for a \u201creturning resident visa.\u201d You\u2019ll need to contact your nearest U.S. embassy or consulate (at least three months before you plan to travel back to the United States) and follow their specific instructions for applying. The process usually involves completing Form DS-117 (officially called the \u201cApplication to Determine Returning Resident Status\u201d) and an interview with a consular officer, who will determine whether you should receive a returning resident visa based on evidence you provide.Demonstrating \u201cphysical presence\u201dTo apply for U.S. citizenship, you must have physically lived in the United States for at least half of five years (more specifically, 913 days, or roughly 2.5 years) or at least half of three years (more specifically, 548 days, or a little over 1.5 years) if you\u2019re married to a U.S. citizen. Although you\u2019re allowed to take multiple trips outside the United States while you wait out the 3\u20135 years, it\u2019s important to keep in mind the requirements for \u201ccontinuous residence\u201d\u00a0(see above) to make sure you also satisfy the \u201cphysical presence\u201d requirement.IMPORTANT: When traveling abroad, USCIS will count the days that you physically leave and return to the United States as days that you were physically present in the United States. In other words, if you leave on the January 1 and return on July 1, both of those days would be counted as days that you were \u201cphysically present\u201d in the United States.Those applying for naturalization based on a certain period or type of military service do not need to meet the \u201cphysical presence\u201d requirement. See this\u00a0eligibility chart to learn how long certain military service members must have physically lived in the United States before applying for naturalization.Boundless turns all the government requirements for naturalization into simple questions you can answer online \u2014 typically in under an hour, compared with days or weeks the traditional way. We make it easy to complete your naturalization application and avoid common problems. Find out more about \n how Boundless can help you, or \n get started now.This requirement is different from the continuous and physical presence requirements above.To satisfy the residency requirement, you must have been a resident of the state or USCIS district where you plan to apply for citizenship for at least three months immediately prior to applying for naturalization. (See our detailed guide to naturalization for exceptions to this requirement based on military service.)\u201cState\u201d also includes the following:The District of Columbia Puerto Rico Guam The U.S. Virgin Islands The Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands\u201cUSCIS district\u201d refers to the geographical area served by a particular USCIS field office, determined by your ZIP code. The \u201ccurrent physical address\u201d you provide on your naturalization application must be where you\u2019ve established residency (that is, where you registered to vote, pax taxes, or obtained a state ID or driver\u2019s license, for example), but there are exceptions. For instance, if you\u2019re a student and depend on your parents or guardians for financial support, you may apply for naturalization from either where you attend school or your family\u2019s home. (For other exceptions, please see the USCIS Policy Manual.)IMPORTANT THINGS TO REMEMBER:If you move after filing Form N-400 (officially called the \u201cApplication for Naturalization\u201d), you must notify USCIS of your new address within 10 days of relocating to your new home so they can forward your naturalization file to the appropriate USCIS field office. USCIS will consider your residency to be the location you specify as your \u201ccurrent physical address\u201d on your Form N-400, even if you decide to apply for naturalization 90 days early.With Boundless, you get an independent immigration lawyer who will review your entire U.S. citizenship application package for accuracy and completeness. Only after this independent lawyer has confirmed the readiness of your application package will Boundless mail it to you for filing with the federal government. Your lawyer will even answer any extra questions you might have \u2014 for no additional fee. \n Learn more, or \n get started now.\u201cGood moral character\u201d is broadly defined by USCIS as character that measures up to the standards of average citizens. More specifically, it means that you:Did not commit certain types of crimes \u2014 such as murder, illegal gambling, or defrauding the U.S. government for immigration purposes \u2014 during the period that begins three or five years before you applied for naturalization and ends when you\u2019ve taken the Oath of Allegiance. (See our guide to the naturalization timeline to learn when in the naturalization process you may need to provide documentation of your interactions with law enforcement.) A USCIS officer may also consider your conduct prior to that period and compare it with your present character \u2014 that is, whether your character has improved or not. Did not lie to a USCIS officer during your naturalization interview.Whether an applicant meets this requirement is decided by the government on a case-by-case basis. There are also exceptions for certain military-based applicants (see here for more details).Do you have confidential questions about how your criminal background might affect your eligibility for U.S. citizenship? With Boundless, you get the confidence of an independent immigration attorney who will answer any questions you have and review your entire citizenship application \u2014 for no additional fee. \n Start your application now, or \n learn more about our services.As part of the naturalization process, you will need to pass a two-part naturalization test:An English language test that evaluates your reading, writing, and speaking skills A civics test that evaluates your knowledge of U.S. history and governmentThe English component combines the naturalization interview with the reading and writing tests. You will be asked about specific answers you provided on your citizenship application, and you will also be asked to write and read simple sentences dictated to you by a USCIS officer.As for the civics portion, you will need to study either 20 or 100 questions, depending on your age and how long you\u2019ve been a green card holder.Certain groups of applicants, however, are exempt from one or both tests. Our guide to the U.S. citizenship exam has more details about those exemptions, along with what to expect, how to prepare, and links to study resources.Boundless helps you prepare for every important step of the naturalization process, including the citizenship exam. \n Learn more, or \n get started now.You must be willing to serve in the U.S. military or perform civil service for the United States if you\u2019re ever called upon to do so, which generally means registering with the Selective Service System if you\u2019re a male of a certain age. The Selective Service System is a government program that collects and maintains information on individuals who may be able to serve in the military by draft.Who is required to register with Selective Service?Males who have lived in the United States (or received their green card) between the ages of 18 and 26 must register with the Selective Service System. Registration usually must be completed within 30 days after turning 18 but not after turning 26.Who is not required to register with Selective Service?Males are not required to register for Selective Service if they:Are over 26 years old Did not live in the United States between the ages of 18 and 26 Have lived in the United States between the ages of 18 and 26 but under a lawful status other than \u201cgreen card holder\u201d during that entire period Were born after March 29, 1957 and before December 31, 1959 (Selective Service was inactive during the time that men born in these years would have turned 18)How and when can I register with Selective Service if I haven\u2019t already?If you have not turned 26 and did not already register with Selective Service, it\u2019s important to register before applying for naturalization. Otherwise, your U.S. citizenship application will most likely be denied.There are multiple ways to register with Selective Service:At your local post office By returning a Selective Service registration card you received in the mail OnlineYou can check your registration by going\u00a0online or calling (847) 688-6888. Once you\u2019ve registered, Selective Service will send you a \u201cregistration acknowledgement card\u201d by mail to serve as proof of your registration.IMPORTANT: USCIS may have already sent your information to Selective Service for registration when you applied for a green card. But sometimes either USCIS or Selective Service doesn\u2019t complete the registration. To check if this is the case \u2014 or if you\u2019re simply not sure whether you\u2019ve already registered \u2014 you can request a \u201cstatus information letter\u201d from Selective Service, which would indicate whether you\u2019re registered, as well as whether you were required to register or were exempt from registering.What if I did not register with Selective Service when I was supposed to?If you didn\u2019t already register with Selective Service before turning 26, you will no longer be able to register. How you must proceed depends on how old you are at the time you apply for naturalization:IF YOU APPLY BETWEEN THE AGES OF 26 AND 31Your only option in this case would be to convince USCIS that you either:Weren\u2019t required to register Were exempt from registering Didn\u2019t know you were supposed to register Registered, but USCIS or Selective Service did not complete the registration process for youIf you weren\u2019t required to register or were exempt from registering, you\u2019ll need to request a \u201cstatus information letter\u201d from Selective Service, which would indicate either or both of these scenarios, and send a copy to USCIS.If you didn\u2019t know you were supposed to register, you\u2019ll need to send the following to USCIS (in addition to the status information letter):A notarized personal affidavit (sworn statement) from yourself, explaining in detail that you did not know you were supposed to register (for example, if your high school did not inform you that you would be required to do so upon turning 18 or because you thought only U.S. citizens were required to register) Notarized personal affidavits from other people who knew you and can support your claimIf you intentionally did not register (even though you were required to) \u2014 either because you refused or ignored this responsibility \u2014 USCIS may deny your citizenship application, but they may also consider your age at the time you apply:If you\u2019re between the ages of 26 and 31, USCIS will likely give you a chance to prove you weren\u2019t required to register or were exempt (see above) before they decide whether to approve or deny your application. If you\u2019ve already turned 31 (or 29, if you\u2019re married to a U.S. citizen), then it may not matter (see below), but your refusal or disregard for this responsibility may be considered a lack of \u201cgood moral character\u201d (see above).IF YOU APPLY AFTER TURNING 31 (OR 29, IF YOU\u2019RE MARRIED TO A U.S. CITIZEN)USCIS may ignore the fact that you did not register for Selective Service (even though you were required to), and you may not be required to provide documentation (see above).Again, Selective Service registration is required if you have not turned 26 during the three- or five-year wait period before you applied for naturalization. But if you\u2019re past the age of 26, USCIS will then consider other factors, including how many years you\u2019ve demonstrated \u201cgood moral character\u201d (see above).If you\u2019ve demonstrated good moral character for the required five years (or three years if you\u2019re married to a U.S. citizen) before you apply for naturalization, then USCIS may overlook your lack of Selective Service registration. That\u2019s why some naturalization applicants wait to file their Form N-400 until they\u2019ve turned 31 (or 29, if married to a U.S. citizen), assuming they\u2019ve also waited five (or three) years and satisfied all other naturalization requirements.With Boundless, you get an independent immigration lawyer who will review your entire application package for accuracy and completeness. Only after this independent lawyer has confirmed the readiness of your application package will Boundless mail it to you for filing with the federal government. The lawyer will also answer any extra questions you might have \u2014 for no additional fee. \n Ready to start?In order to become a U.S. citizen, you must demonstrate an \u201cattachment\u201d to the U.S. Constitution. \u201cAttachment\u201d simply means that you believe, support, and are willing to defend the principles of the U.S. Constitution by accepting the democratic process and promising to obey the law.How do you demonstrate this \u201cattachment\u201d? You\u2019ll attend a public \u201cswearing in\u201d ceremony, where you and other naturalization applicants will recite the\u00a0Oath of Allegiance, the final step of the naturalization process.During the ceremony, you\u2019ll be asked to make sure that you understand the following:You\u2019re taking the Oath of Allegiance voluntarily. You\u2019re giving your full allegiance to the United States by renouncing your allegiance to all other countries where you claim citizenship. You accept all the responsibilities of a U.S. citizen \u2014 including military and civil service if necessary (see above) \u2014 and have no intention of not fulfilling these duties.You must complete this last step before you can become a U.S. citizen.For a flat rate of $395, Boundless helps you complete your entire naturalization application, including all forms and supporting documents, independent attorney review, and support from the moment your application is filed until you obtain U.S. citizenship. \n Learn more, or \n start your application today.\n\n \n Boundless \u2014 for people who want the expertiseof an immigration lawyer, not the price tag.\n \n \n \n Check My Eligibility\n \n \n \n Learn what we do for you\n \n \n \nRELATED INFORMATIONUnderstanding U.S. CitizenshipNaturalization Traps and How to Avoid ThemU.S. Citizenship Application (Form N-400)Required Documents for CitizenshipBenefits of Becoming a U.S. CitizenU.S. Citizenship CostsThe U.S. Citizenship Application TimelineThe Naturalization InterviewPreview of Naturalization Interview QuestionsThe U.S. Citizenship ExamUnderstanding the Citizenship Oath of AllegianceHow to Obtain Dual Citizenship in the United StatesA Beginner\u2019s Guide to Green CardsMarriage-Based Green Cards","excerpt":"What are the requirements for U.S. citizenship?In order to become a U.S. citizen, all naturalization applicants must meet the following requirements (unless they qualify for an exemption or apply based on their U.S. military service):Be of the minimum required age","permalink":"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/immigration-resources\/u-s-citizenship-requirements\/"},{"id":600,"title":"Immigration FAQ","subtitle":"Answers to frequently asked questions about marriage green cards and the U.S. immigration system","body":"Immigration BasicsMarriage Green CardsCommon FormsSpecial IssuesWhat is a green card?What is USCIS?U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), part of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS), is the government agency that oversees legal immigration to the United States. USCIS is primarily responsible for approving green cards, naturalization, work permits, travel permits, and other \u201cimmigration benefits.\u201dWhat is a lawful permanent resident?What is conditional permanent residence? Why would a green card application be denied? Can I work in the U.S. while waiting for my green card? What is the Visa Bulletin? The visa bulletin, issued every month by the U.S. Department of State, shows which green card applications can move forward, based on when the I-130 petition that starts the green card process was originally filed. The visa bulletin exists because Congress caps the number of green cards that can be issued each year in certain categories, which has created several backlogs. What is a biometric screening?What is a marriage green card?How long after my marriage can I apply for a green card?What documents do I need for a marriage green card?What is the difference between a fianc\u00e9 visa and a marriage visa?How long does it take to get a green card?What is a K-1 visa?How much does it cost to get a green card?What are the income requirements for a marriage visa?How should I prepare for my marriage green card interview?How do we prove our marriage is real or \u201cbona fide\u201d?When can I visit my spouse in the United States?What is an affidavit of support (I-864)?What is Form I-693 (Medical Exam Results)?What is the \u201cPublic Charge\u201d rule?\n\n \n Boundless \u2014 for people who want the expertiseof an immigration lawyer, not the price tag.\n \n \n \n Check My Eligibility\n \n \n \n Learn what we do for you\n \n \n \n","excerpt":"Immigration BasicsMarriage Green CardsCommon FormsSpecial Issues","permalink":"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/immigration-resources\/faq\/"},{"id":1633,"title":"The K-1 Visa, Explained","subtitle":"The Fianc\u00e9(e) Visa path for engaged partners of U.S. citizens","body":"What Is a K-1 Visa?A K-1 visa \u2014 also called a fianc\u00e9 visa \u2014 allows the engaged partner of a U.S. citizen to enter the United States, as long as the couple gets married no more than 90 days later. The newly married spouse can then apply for permanent residence (a \u201cgreen card\u201d) based on marriage.The correct terminology is \u201cfianc\u00e9e\u201d for\u00a0a\u00a0woman who is engaged to be married or\u00a0fianc\u00e9 for man. For simplicity, we use \u201cfianc\u00e9\u201d to mean either a male or female engaged partner.Is the K-1 Visa Right for Me?In some cases it might make sense to skip the fianc\u00e9 visa process altogether and go straight to getting married and applying for a green card. This decision depends on where you are living, how long you wish to wait to be together, and various other circumstances. For more details, see our guide to differences between fianc\u00e9 visas and marriage green cards.If you\u2019re already married but aren\u2019t sure if you qualify for a marriage-based green card, you can \n check your eligibility through Boundless without providing any personal or financial information. When you\u2019re ready to apply, Boundless can guide you through every milestone of the marriage-based green card process, all the way to the finish line. \n Learn more, or \n get started today.The K-1 visa allows a U.S. citizen to sponsor their fianc\u00e9 to come to the United States. Both partners must have the intention to get married within 90 days after the sponsored fianc\u00e9 arrives in the United States from abroad.Specific requirements include:The sponsoring partner must be a U.S. citizen. U.S. green card holders (permanent residents) are not eligible to sponsor a fianc\u00e9 for a K1 visa. Both partners must be eligible to marry\u2014in other words, both must be currently unmarried. Any prior divorce decrees, annulments, or death certificates must be provided to show that any previous marriages have been terminated. K-1 visas are available to same-sex partners, regardless of whether the laws in the sponsored fianc\u00e9\u2019s home country allow for sex-same marriage. The legitimacy of the relationship must be proved with evidence such as photographs, flight itineraries and\/or hotel reservations of trips taken together as a couple, written statements from friends and colleagues who are aware of the engagement, letters or emails between the partners, etc. The couple must be able to prove that they have met in person at least one time within the two years prior to filing the visa form (except for cases of extreme hardship, or where in-person meetings would violate cultural, religious, or social norms). Evidence may include flight itineraries, hotel itineraries, dated photos, etc. Each partner must provide a signed statement indicating an intent to marry within 90 days of the sponsored fianc\u00e9\u2019s arrival in the United States. If concrete wedding plans have been made, it\u2019s also a good idea to submit evidence such as wedding invitations, receipts of deposits on a venue, etc. The U.S. citizen fianc\u00e9 must meet certain income requirements. Specifically, the adjusted gross income on their most recent tax return must be equal at least 100% of the Federal Poverty Guidelines. If they are unable to meet this requirement alone, a joint financial sponsor must file a supplemental \u201caffidavit of support.\u201d (Note that the income requirements for a marriage green card sponsorship are different\u2014and higher.)Considering a marriage-based green card instead?\u00a0For the flat rate of $750, Boundless helps you complete your entire application \u2014 including all required forms and supporting documents, independent attorney review, and support \u2014 from the moment your application is filed until you receive your green card. \n Learn more, or \n check your eligibility with no obligation.The first step for an eligible couple is for the U.S. citizen fianc\u00e9 to file Form I-129F (technically called the \u201cPetition for Alien Fianc\u00e9\u201d) with U.S Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS). The primary purpose of this form is to prove the validity of the relationship.The following supporting documents should be attached to the completed form as evidence:Proof of citizenship for the U.S. citizen fianc\u00e9 (copy of a passport, certificate of naturalization, or birth certificate) Copy of the sponsored fianc\u00e9\u2019s passport Proof of the legitimacy of the relationship (photos, correspondence, sworn statements from friends and colleagues, etc.) Proof of having met in person at least one time within the two years prior to filing the form (flight itineraries, hotel itineraries, photos, correspondence, etc.) Sworn statements, written by and signed by each partner, with a brief description of the nature of the relationship and an intent to marry within 90 days of the sponsored fianc\u00e9\u2019s arrival in the United States. It\u2019s generally best to provide the original signed statements, and keep copies for your records. A copy of any Form I-94 arrival-departure record previously issued to the sponsored fianc\u00e9. One passport-style photo of the U.S. citizen fianc\u00e9 and one passport-style photo of the sponsored fianc\u00e9.The government\u2019s required fee for Form I-129F is $535. After the form and supporting documents are filed at the appropriate address, USCIS will typically send a receipt notice within 30 days. Depending on which USCIS service center is handling the case, the processing times can take around 6\u20139 months (7 months on average). During that time, USCIS may send a Request for Evidence (RFE), if they need more information. Once the Form I-129F is approved, USCIS will send an approval notice.At this point, USCIS hands off the case to the U.S. Department of State. Within about 30 days after the the I-129F fianc\u00e9 sponsorship form is approved, the sponsored fianc\u00e9 will receive a notice from the U.S. embassy in their home country, including the date and location of their visa interview and a list of required documents.DS-160Next, the sponsored fianc\u00e9 must complete the State Department\u2019s online DS-160 form (technically called the \u201cOnline Nonimmigrant Visa Application\u201d). This is the actual K-1 visa application, and it\u2019s very important to print the confirmation page once the form has been submitted online.The State Department then requires the following documents:Sponsored Fianc\u00e9 DocumentsTwo passport-style photos Birth certificate Valid, unexpired passport Police clearance obtained from all countries of residence of more than six months since the age of 16 Sealed medical exam form (obtained through physician abroad who is authorized by the State Department)U.S. Citizen Fianc\u00e9 DocumentsAffidavit of support (Form I-134) Most recent tax returns Proof of relationship (copy of the approved I-129F package originally filed with USCIS)InterviewThe visa interview takes place at the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate in the sponsored fianc\u00e9\u2019s home country, usually about 4\u20136 weeks after the embassy\u2019s initial notice. The visa fee of $265 is usually paid at the interview\u2014but it\u2019s important to review specific instructions regarding time and place of payment, included in the embassy\u2019s interview notice, which can vary by home country.The interviewing officer will typically make a decision on the case either the same day of the interview or shortly afterward. If they need additional evidence, they will request that it be submitted directly to the U.S. consulate.If you\u2019re pursuing a marriage-based green card instead,\u00a0Boundless can help you get ready for your green card interview and respond to government questions. \n Learn more, or \n check your eligibility for a marriage-based green card with no obligation.Once the K-1 visa is approved, the sponsored fianc\u00e9 is given a total of four months from the date of approval of the initial I-129F form to travel to the United States.Upon arrival, the couple must get married within 90 days, or the sponsored fianc\u00e9 will lose their K-1 status. If the couple decides not to get married, the sponsored partner will not be eligible to remain in the United States and is required to leave the country right away.Unlike other visas, the K-1 does not allow for a change to another temporary visa (F-1, H-1B, etc.). It\u2019s also forbidden to \u201cadjust status\u201d from a K-1 visa to a green card based on marriage to anyone other than the original U.S. citizen sponsor. The sole purpose of the K-1 visa is for the sponsored fianc\u00e9 to enter the United States to join the sponsoring fianc\u00e9 and get married within 90 days.Of course, after getting married, the final step is to apply for a marriage-based green card, which will be sponsored by the same partner who originally sponsored the K-1 fianc\u00e9 visa. Check out our overview of the marriage green card process, plus our start-to-finish guide for spouses of U.S. citizens living in the United States.Currently, Boundless can help you\u00a0complete your marriage green card application, but\u00a0not\u00a0a K-1 visa application.With Boundless, you get the confidence of an independent immigration attorney who will review all of your marriage-based green card application materials and answer any questions you have \u2014 for no additional fee. Learn more about \n what you get with Boundless, or \n check your eligibility for free.\n\n \n Ready to start your marriage green card application?\n \n \n \n Let\u2019s Go\n \n \n \n Learn what we do for you\n \n \n \n","excerpt":"What Is a K-1 Visa?A K-1 visa \u2014 also called a fianc\u00e9 visa \u2014 allows the engaged partner of a U.S. citizen to enter the United States, as long as the couple gets married no more than 90 days later.","permalink":"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/immigration-resources\/k-1-fiancee-visa-explained\/"},{"id":4961,"title":"Avoiding Common Naturalization Pitfalls","subtitle":"How Boundless can help you navigate the citizenship process with confidence","body":"We have good and bad newsBad news first: The U.S. immigration system is a complex maze of forms and rules \u2014 and they keep changing. If you aren\u2019t familiar with the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) website or the naturalization process \u2014 and most people aren\u2019t \u2014 it\u2019s easy to make costly mistakes that can cause delays or, worse, denial of your citizenship application.But here\u2019s the good news: Boundless can help you navigate the citizenship process, avoid common traps, and maximize your chance of approval.Here\u2019s how Boundless simplifies naturalization for you:We guide you through every step of completing your citizenship application package. An experienced, independent immigration attorney thoroughly reviews your application, including all supporting documents, and answers all of your legal questions. We mail you the entire printed package, with clear instructions on where to sign and submit the paperwork to the government. We send you timely updates and reminders from the moment you mail your completed package until you become a U.S. citizen.We offer you all of this \u2014 plus peace of mind \u2014 for only $395 (not including government filing fees). There are no hidden charges. You can even pay our fee over time while making steady progress on your application.Read on to see the many common pitfalls and problems that Boundless will help you avoid.Do I qualify for naturalization?Do you meet all the requirements to become a U.S. citizen? For instance, have you held a green card long enough, and are you a person of \u201cgood moral character\u201d in the eyes of the government? Which documents do you need to establish your eligibility, and when do you need them?With Boundless, you don\u2019t have to worry about any of these issues. We help you determine your eligibility based on your unique situation and understand your options. If you have any questions, you can turn to your independent immigration attorney any time.Did I make a mistake on my application?The citizenship application (Form N-400) can be tricky to complete. The government\u2019s detailed instructions alone are 18 pages long and filled with legal language that most people wouldn\u2019t understand.Did you provide the right information or enough information? Did you forget to fill in a box or send the wrong document? These days, even one minor mistake can jeopardize your entire application. Not to mention that there\u2019s more than one way to file the form and more than one way to send it. The government even prefers a specific color of ink!Boundless turned all of the government\u2019s complicated forms and instructions into a series of simple questions to help you avoid confusion and answer the questions with confidence. Our advanced online application tool is designed to catch errors, and independent attorney review helps further ensure the accuracy of your application.Do I have all the right supporting documents?There are so many required documents. Did you include everything? How do you prove that you\u2019ve lived long enough in the United States? (The U.S. government calculates the length of time you\u2019re required to physically live in the United States differently than almost everyone would assume.)Did you provide translations for documents not written in English? Does the translation meet the government\u2019s standard for an \u201cacceptable\u201d translation?Boundless spells out exactly which supporting documents you need. And you won\u2019t have to copy or print your documents or worry if they\u2019re in the right order. Your only job will be to scan or snap an image of your documents and upload them to your secure online account.Did I follow the filing process correctly?The application package has so many parts. Did you miss anything? Did you write your check for government fees properly, to the correct recipient, and for the correct amount? Did you sign where you were supposed to? Did you notify USCIS at the right time and with the right form if you need to make special arrangements for your citizenship exam that\u2019s months away? Are you even sending your application to the right address?Boundless prints out the required form and all documents and mails them to you in a beautiful package that meets the government\u2019s precise preferences. The package comes with clear instructions, so you\u2019ll know exactly where to sign and if you need to include any extra items.You also receive an envelope that\u2019s already stamped and addressed to the correct destination. All you\u2019ll have to do is drop your package off at your local post office.Am I doing anything wrong while I wait for the government\u2019s decision?Once you know how long you have to wait after submitting your application package, are you sure you haven\u2019t missed any deadlines? Did anything change in your situation that the government should know about? Should you be worried that you haven\u2019t heard from the government in a while?Filing your citizenship application package is only the first step of a potentially long process, but Boundless stays with you until the finish line. We help you keep on top of the fingerprint appointment, interview preparation, follow-on forms, and every other important milestone along the way. We want to celebrate with you the moment you become an American citizen!\n\n \n Boundless \u2014 for people who want the expertiseof an immigration lawyer, not the price tag.\n \n \n \n Check Your Eligibility\n \n \n \n Learn what we do for you\n \n \n \n","excerpt":"We have good and bad newsBad news first: The U.S. immigration system is a complex maze of forms and rules \u2014 and they keep changing. If you aren\u2019t familiar with the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) website or the","permalink":"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/immigration-resources\/avoiding-common-naturalization-pitfalls\/"},{"id":4451,"title":"The U.S. Citizenship Test, Explained","subtitle":"Understanding the English and civics tests for naturalization and preparing for the questions","body":"As part of the naturalization process, applicants for U.S. citizenship must pass a two-part naturalization test. The first component is an English test that assesses the applicant\u2019s ability to read, write, and speak in the language. The second, a civics test, evaluates the applicant\u2019s knowledge of U.S. history and government.Most naturalization applicants are required to take both components of the exam, but some applicants may be eligible for an exemption based on their age and time as a green card holder or certain medical conditions. Each applicant has two chances to take the exam, which usually takes place on the same day as the citizenship interview.In this guide, we\u2019ll discuss which specific groups of applicants are exempt from the exam, what types of questions to anticipate, how to prepare, and what to expect after completing this important step of the naturalization process.Boundless guides you through every milestone of naturalization, including your citizenship exam. You also get the confidence of an independent immigration attorney who will review all of your application materials and answer any questions you have \u2014 for no additional fee. \n Learn more, or \n start your application today.It\u2019s important to do your best on the naturalization exam (also known as the \u201ccitizenship test\u201d). But more importantly, don\u2019t be intimidated! With enough preparation, you should perform well (see \u201cHow to Prepare\u201d for useful study tips). Keep in mind that you\u2019ll have just two opportunities to pass, so the harder you study for the exam, the sooner you can start your life as a U.S. citizen.Here\u2019s what to expect from each section of the test:English ComponentThe English exam will consist of three parts: a speaking test, a reading test, and a writing test. The reading and writing tests will be conducted using a digital tablet, which an immigration officer will show you how to use before you begin.Although it\u2019s helpful to have flawless English pronunciation and excellent spelling and grammar skills, it\u2019s okay if you aren\u2019t perfect in some of these areas. The English test uses basic grammar and vocabulary, and immigration officers administering the exam expect that most people will make common mistakes.As you\u2019re taking the test, don\u2019t be shy to ask for clarification about some questions from the immigration officer. They\u2019re instructed to repeat certain words or rephrase questions at your request.SPEAKING TESTFor this part of the English test, the immigration officer will ask you questions specifically about your citizenship application and eligibility, in order to evaluate your ability to speak and comprehend the language. You will not be expected to understand every word or phrase on your application.It\u2019s a good idea to review the answers on your application prior to attending your exam appointment.READING TESTDuring the reading test, you will be given a digital tablet. A sentence will appear on the tablet, and the immigration officer will ask you to read it\u00a0aloud. Until you\u2019ve read one successfully, you will be asked to read three sentence in total.USCIS provides the complete list of vocabulary words used in the reading test. Examples of words you\u2019ll encounter include names of presidents and places (such as \u201cAbraham Lincoln\u201d and \u201cUnited States\u201d), simple verbs (for example, \u201ccan\u201d and \u201clives\u201d), and some longer terms (such as \u201cFather of Our Country\u201d and \u201cBill of Rights\u201d).It\u2019s important to avoid pausing extensively while reading aloud. Generally, you\u2019ll be allowed to leave out short words, mispronounce some words, or use non-standard intonation (the rising and falling of a person\u2019s voice). You may not use a word you\u2019re familiar with in place of an actual word in the sentence. The important thing is to convey to the immigration officer that you understand the meaning of the sentence.WRITING TESTTo successfully complete this part of the English test, you must write one out of three sentences correctly as the immigration officer reads each sentence aloud to you. You will use a stylus to write each sentence on a digital tablet. (A stylus is a pen-like tool that\u2019s used to draw lines on the touchscreen surface of a digital device.)USCIS provides the complete list of vocabulary words used in the writing test. Many of the words overlap with the vocabulary used in the reading test (see above). The list includes last names of presidents (such as \u201cAdams\u201d and \u201cWashington\u201d), months (for instance, \u201cFebruary\u201d and \u201cJuly\u201d), as well as short and long terms (including \u201cone\u201d and \u201cfreedom of speech\u201d).Generally, you will be allowed to misspell some words and make some capitalization, grammatical, or punctuation errors. You may spell out numbers (in the same example, \u201cfourteen\u201d) or write the numeral (for example, \u201c14\u201d). You must not, however, abbreviate (use a shorter form) of any word. You also must write legibly. The immigration officer will keep moving on to the next sentence until you\u2019ve written one successfully.Civics ComponentTo pass this component of the citizenship test, you must be able to demonstrate sufficient knowledge and understanding of U.S. history and government, by answering at least six out of 10 questions correctly. The immigration officer will randomly select the questions, read them aloud to you, and stop the test once you\u2019ve provided the right answer to six questions. You\u2019ll be allowed to phrase your answers in any way as long as they are correct.USCIS provides the complete list of questions asked in the civics test (you may be able to find them in your language, as well). You must study all 100 questions on the list \u2014 unless you\u2019re aged 65 or older, in which case you\u2019ll need to study only the 20 questions marked with an asterisk (*) or the ones listed here. (Make sure to check this page of the USCIS website for answers to some questions that have changed based on recent historical events.)More than half of the questions are about the U.S. government; the rest are about American history. For some questions, the answers will be provided in the study materials. For instance, \u201cWho is in charge of the executive branch?\u201d (Answer: the President). Others will require you to do some research. As an example, you might encounter the question, \u201cWho is one of your state\u2019s U.S. Senators now?\u201d (The answer will depend on the state you live in.)You can also expect the complexity of the questions and the evaluation process to be based partly on:Your age Your background Your educational attainment How long you\u2019ve lived in the United States Study opportunities that were available to you Other factors concerning your knowledge and understandingFor a flat rate of $395, Boundless helps you complete your entire naturalization application, including all forms and supporting documents, independent attorney review, and support from the moment your application is filed until you obtain U.S. citizenship. \n Learn more, or \n start your application today.Studying adequately for the naturalization test is critical to successfully achieving U.S. citizenship. To help you prepare, USCIS provides study materials for each component of the exam, including the English test and the civics test.You can follow these helpful tips to help you ace your exam:Start studying now. This might seem obvious, but the sooner you begin familiarizing yourself with the questions and answers in the citizenship test, the more time you\u2019ll have to learn and memorize the information. Starting early will also give you more opportunities to work on particular areas of weakness.Read children\u2019s books. Much of the vocabulary used in the English test will be simple words encountered in children\u2019s books. Reading books for kids can help you become familiar with basic English words and how they\u2019re used in a sentence.Watch and listen. If you\u2019re a visual learner (a person who learns best by watching) or an auditory learner (one who learns best by listening), you may find video and audio study materials more engaging and effective for learning.USCIS provides such materials, as well as printed guides in large print, which are helpful if you have low vision. Another resource called USA Learns also provides free videos and other multimedia content as alternative ways to learn the citizenship testing materials. Questions about civics, for instance, include images representing the concepts to serve as memory aids and an audio feature that lets you listen to the same questions and answers.Ask for help. Some people learn best when they can practice what they\u2019ve studied with others. If you\u2019re more comfortable with this learning method, you may want to enlist the help of a friend or family member, especially one who\u2019s proficient in spoken English so they can help you with pronunciation. They don\u2019t have to be civics experts, either, as most of the answers to the civics questions will be provided in the study materials \u2014 though prior knowledge certainly helps! Ask them to quiz you now and then, to make sure you\u2019ve retained what you\u2019ve learned.Take the practice tests. You\u2019re likely to feel more confident on the day of your actual exam if you know what to expect. That\u2019s why it\u2019s important to take the practice exams provided by USCIS that simulate the real tests.Slow down. If you\u2019re easily overwhelmed by a lot of information \u2014 or if you just don\u2019t have much time on your hands \u2014 you may find it easier to study small amounts of the material at a time and gradually build on what you already know. For example, you might focus just on the names of holidays until you\u2019ve mastered their spelling. The next day, you might add another category of words (verbs, for example) and so on until you\u2019re comfortable with the entire list.Take notes. USCIS provides flash cards that include lines on the back of each card for note-taking. It\u2019s a good idea to use these to your advantage. Write information about each vocabulary term or civics-related topic that will help you remember it. For \u201cAbraham Lincoln,\u201d for example, you could jot down that he was the 16th U.S. president, that he led the Union in the Civil War to end slavery, or that he was 6-foot-4-inches tall \u2014 whatever will help you recall what you\u2019ve learned!Group questions together. As you\u2019re studying, you may find it helpful to study words or questions that are related to one another. Scientific research tells us that people remember some information better when they study it in smaller, related chunks.For example, when you\u2019re memorizing the spelling of \u201cPresidents\u2019 Day,\u201d the next vocabulary term you might focus on could be \u201cThanksgiving,\u201d also a holiday. As another example, when you\u2019re trying to remember the answer for \u201cWe elect a president for how many years?\u201d (answer: four), you might then study the answer for \u201cIn what month do we vote for president?\u201d (answer: November). Both of these civics questions are related to the U.S. presidency. Conveniently, vocabulary words and civics questions are already grouped together by category in many of the study materials from USCIS.Boundless helps you prepare for every important step in the naturalization process, including the citizenship exam. \n Learn more, or \n get started now.Once you\u2019ve completed your citizenship test, you can expect to hear back from U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) about the results on the same day. Here\u2019s what you can expect to happen afterward, based on your exam results:If you passedCongratulations! You\u2019re almost finished with the naturalization process. Check out our detailed guide to the U.S. citizenship timeline for details about the final step.If you did not passYou\u2019ll be able to retake the whole exam (or just the portion you didn\u2019t pass), but the questions on the second test will be different from those on the first. USCIS will schedule your re-examination, which will usually take place about 60 to 90 days (two to three months) from the date of your first exam appointment.If you do not show up for re-examinationUnless you\u2019re excused by USCIS from attending your re-examination appointment \u2014 for example, if you were hospitalized \u2014 you must not miss your second exam appointment. Otherwise, USCIS will consider your absence a failed attempt, and your U.S. citizenship application will be denied.If you do not pass the re-examinationUSCIS will deny your naturalization application. You\u2019ll have a chance to appeal the denial, by writing to USCIS within 30 days of receiving the letter stating their decision. If they grant your request, USCIS will schedule a hearing to take place within 180 days of receiving your request. During the hearing, a USCIS officer will re-test you on the portion of the exam that you did not pass on your second attempt.Boundless stays with you all the way to the finish line, helping you prepare for your citizenship exam. \n Ready to start?Most naturalization applicants must take the U.S. citizenship exam. There are, however, exceptions for various groups of applicants:Exceptions based on age and time as a green card holderENGLISH TESTYou are exempt from the English language test if\u2026 At the time of filing, you are\u2026 And you\u2019ve lived in the United States as a green card holder for at least\u2026 Aged 50 and older 20 years Aged 55 and older 15 years CIVICS TESTThere are no exceptions to the civics test, but the above age groups\u00a0may take it in a language of their choice. (If you decide to take the test in a language other than English, you must be accompanied by an interpreter.)USCIS also accommodates applicants aged 65 and older who have been green card holders for at least 20 years (officially known as the \u201c65\/20 exemption\u201d). Instead of studying 100 questions, this age group must study only 20, of which 10 will be asked on the exam (see \u201cWhat to Expect\u201d above). The applicant will need to answer six out of 10 correctly in order to pass.Exceptions based on disabilityApplicants with a medical condition that has lasted, or is expected to last, at least 12 months can apply for an exemption from the English test, the civics test, or both. Qualified medical conditions include:Physical disabilities Developmental disabilities Mental impairmentTo qualify for the exemption, you will need to submit Form N-648 (officially called the \u201cMedical Certification for Disability Exceptions\u201d) with your Application for Naturalization (Form N-400). Form N-648 must be completed by a licensed medical doctor, osteopathic doctor, or clinical psychologist who can certify that your condition prevents you from being able to complete the test (or specific portions of it) \u2014 even with accommodations (see \u201cRequesting Accommodations\u201d below if you\u2019re able to take the test with a special type of arrangement).IMPORTANT: Applicants who can neither read nor write (illiterate) do not qualify for any special exception on the basis of being illiterate. They may, however, qualify for one of the exemptions described above. (Check out this inspiring story about an illiterate woman who defied the odds and passed her naturalization exam.)Boundless can help you respond to government questions and get ready for your citizenship interview. \n Find out more, or \n start your application today.If you have a disability (or other needs), you can request special accommodations to help you complete your citizenship test. For example, you may bring an interpreter or a family member. USCIS may give you extra time to complete your exam, or they may designate an alternative, more easily accessible testing site, such as your home or a senior citizens center, if you\u2019re unable to travel to your nearest USCIS field office. They may also provide the reading test in large print or let you respond verbally to questions.You may request accommodations if you:Are deaf or hard of hearing Are blind or have poor vision Have another type of condition that limits your ability to complete the exam (for example, if you use a wheelchair or can\u2019t use your hands to write)If you require an accommodation, you must notify USCIS ahead of your exam date, by doing one of the following:Indicating the type of accommodation you\u2019ll need on your Application for Naturalization (Form N-400). Calling the USCIS Contact Center at 1-800-375-5283 (TDD: 1-800-767-1833). Contacting your field office (you can find the contact information for your field office here).If accommodations will not be available on the original date of your exam and USCIS must make alternative arrangements, USCIS is required to notify you as soon as possible.Boundless turns all the government requirements for naturalization into simple questions you can answer online, typically in under an hour \u2014 compared with days or weeks the traditional way. We make it easy to complete your naturalization application and avoid common problems. \n Learn more, or \n get started today.\n\n \n Boundless \u2014 for people who want the expertiseof an immigration lawyer, not the price tag.\n \n \n \n Check My Eligibility\n \n \n \n Learn what we do for you\n \n \n \nRelated informationEverything You Need to Know About Applying for U.S. CitizenshipU.S. Citizenship RequirementsThe Application for Naturalization (Form N-400)Supporting Documents for NaturalizationWhat Is the Cost of Applying for U.S. Citizenship?The Naturalization TimelineUnderstanding the Citizenship Interview ProcessCitizenship QuestionsShould You Become a U.S. Citizen?How to Apply for Dual U.S. Citizenship","excerpt":"As part of the naturalization process, applicants for U.S. citizenship must pass a two-part naturalization test. The first component is an English test that assesses the applicant\u2019s ability to read, write, and speak in the language. The second, a civics","permalink":"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/immigration-resources\/u-s-citizenship-test-explained\/"},{"id":102,"title":"Can I Visit My Spouse in the United States While Waiting for My Green Card?","subtitle":"Precautions to take when visiting your spouse","body":"It\u2019s possible to visit your spouse in the United States while your marriage-based green card application is pending. In order to do so, you would need to apply for a tourist visa. But before pursuing this option, it\u2019s important to understand the challenges and risks involved.First, you would need to convince an immigration officer that you plan to stay only for a short time and would leave the United States before your tourist visa expired.But there\u2019s another hurdle to overcome after that: When you arrive in the United States, a U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) agent will \u201cinspect,\u201d or question, you at the border or \u201cport of entry\u201d (where visitors first physically enter the United States). You\u2019ll be asked to explain why you\u2019re visiting. The CBP agent would then decide \u2014 at their discretion \u2014 whether to let you enter (known officially as \u201cadmission\u201d).IMPORTANT:\u00a0You must never misrepresent your reason for visiting the United States, either on an immigration form or before an immigration officer or a CBP agent. You also must never lie about being married to a U.S. citizen or green card holder.Any kind of misrepresentation could jeopardize your future eligibility for a green card.Even with a valid tourist visa, however, you will\u00a0not be guaranteed admission. In many cases, spouses seeking a green card are denied entry at the border or port of entry when a CBP agent discovers they are married to a person living in the United States and have a pending marriage-based green card application.In this guide, we\u2019ll discuss those risks in greater detail, as well as how to apply for a tourist visa and typical issues encountered in the process.Boundless makes it easy to complete your green card application and avoid common problems. Learn more about \n how we can help you, or \n get started now.Spouses of U.S. citizens or green card holders \u2014 especially those with a pending I-130 petition\u00a0(the first step in obtaining a marriage-based green card) \u2014 often face additional scrutiny. If you visit your spouse on a tourist visa, the immigration officer processing your application could suspect that you\u2019re trying to bypass the green card process to be with your spouse sooner.Here\u2019s what you can expect based on your situation:If you have a pending I-130 petitionVisiting the United States while you have a pending I-130 petition\u00a0involves walking a logical tightrope. Although you intend to live permanently in the United States once you receive your green card, right now you must convince the immigration officer or CBP agent that you will not be settling in the United States yet.That can be difficult to do if you\u2019ve already quit your job and sold all of your property in your home country. That\u2019s why many people choose to visit the United States before doing either of those things.It\u2019s therefore important to present strong evidence that you plan to return to your home country after your short visit \u2014 though there is still always a risk of denial, as admission is never guaranteed.If you don\u2019t have a pending I-130 petitionIf you haven\u2019t started the marriage-based green card process yet \u2014 by filing an I-130 petition \u2014 you won\u2019t have to prove that you\u2019re not rushing to settle in the United States.You might still face additional scrutiny when applying for a tourist visa or when arriving in the United States, however. This is because the immigration officer or CBP agent could suspect that you intend to avoid the whole I-130 process \u2014 by entering on a tourist visa and then applying for a marriage-based green card once you\u2019re in the United States (a process known as \u201cadjustment of status\u201d).If you don\u2019t have any immediate plans to live permanently in the United States, it\u2019s best to be clear about that in your tourist visa application. You might also want to prove that:You have employment or educational commitments in your home country that prevent you from moving permanently to the United States at the present moment. You have a confirmed travel plan with a clear date of return to your home country.Again, you should never lie about the fact that your spouse is a U.S. citizen or green card holder because lying could jeopardize your ability to get a green card in the future.Boundless helps you prepare for success by helping you respond to government questions and prepare for your green card interview. Read more about \n what you get with Boundless, or \n start your application today.There are at least three other factors that can make a big difference in whether your tourist visa application will be approved (and whether you will be admitted to the United States upon arrival):Your Immigration History: If you have a history of coming and going to the United States without any immigration violations on your record, the immigration officer or CBP agent will be more likely to believe that you intend to visit the United States temporarily and return to your home country on time. On the other hand, if you have ever had an immigration violation \u2014 even if you only overstayed a previous tourist visa for one day \u2014 your chances of approval will be much lower.Your Country of Origin: If you come from a country with high rates of immigration fraud, you will be less likely to convince the immigration officer or CBP agent that you intend to visit only as a tourist. (Although there is no official list of such countries, Brazil, China, the Dominican Republic, India, and Mexico were among countries that were subject to relatively high rates of immigration fraud in past years.) This is all the more reason to establish that you have strong ties to your home country, as detailed in the \u201cPreparing Your Visa Application\u201d section below.Other Relatives in the United States: If you have a lot of family already in the United States \u2014 especially immediate family members \u2014 this could attract additional scrutiny. The immigration officer or CBP agent may be inclined to believe that you are less likely to return to your home country if you have strong family ties in the United States. In addition to the list outlined in the \u201cPreparing Your Visa Application\u201d section below, it\u2019s a good idea to have a round-trip ticket demonstrating your plan to return home on a specific date.With Boundless, a dedicated team member will help you steer clear of common mistakes and make sure your forms and documents are ready for attorney review. \n Learn more, or \n start your application today.What you must proveWhen an immigration officer reviews your tourist visa application, they will look for proof that:You plan to return to your home country after visiting the United States. Your visit will be temporary and short. You will be able to support yourself financially during your visit.This is true for anyone applying for a tourist visa or entering the United States under the Visa Waiver Program, which allows citizens of certain countries to visit without a visa for up to 90 days.You\u2019ll also be required to establish that you have strong ties to your home country. This is to ensure that you will return home before your tourist visa expires.Some examples of documents that can help prove strong ties to your home country include the following:Copy of an unexpired lease or a home mortgage Letter from your employer stating the dates of your vacation, including when you\u2019ll return to work School enrollment confirmation in your home country for either yourself or your children Proof that your children are staying in your home country during your visit, such as a letter giving a grandparent consent to make decisions for your children Title deeds for any property you own in your home countryIt\u2019s also generally a good idea to provide copies of your bank statements, credit card statements showing healthy spending limits, or other proof that you\u2019ll be able to support yourself financially during your visit to the United States. (Check out our detailed guide on how to scan and copy documents the way immigration officials prefer.)Remember: For the best chance of gaining temporary admission to the United States, it\u2019s important to take extra care in preparing your tourist visa application and assembling the right documents to take with you.Boundless turns all the required government forms for your situation into simple questions that you can answer online \u2014 typically in under two hours. An experienced immigration attorney will also review your materials and answer any of your questions \u2014 for no additional fee! \n Learn more, or \n get started today!What if I change my mind about going home?The U.S. government recognizes that life doesn\u2019t always go according to plan.What if you come to the United States to visit your spouse, fully intending to return to your home country, but then decide to stay and apply for a green card from within the United States (technically an \u201cadjustment of status\u201d)?Your green card application will not necessarily be denied. But you will need to prove that you changed your mind for legitimate reasons \u2014 that you intended to return home but a significant change in circumstances forced you to alter your plans. For example, if you intended to visit your spouse in the United States for a short period, but a sudden decline in your spouse\u2019s health prompted you to remain in the United States, it would be in your best interest to explain this during your green card interview.Applying the \u201c90-Day Rule\u201dFor spouses who apply for a marriage-based green card after entering the United States on a tourist visa, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) will apply the \u201c90-day rule\u201d as a guideline to decide how much extra scrutiny to give the green card application.Under this guideline, any of the following conduct within the first 90 days of entering the United States may be considered a violation of your temporary visitor status:Engaging in unauthorized employment Enrolling in an unauthorized course of study (without a proper student visa) Entering into a marriage with a U.S. citizen or green card holder Filing an\u00a0\u201cadjustment of status\u201d green card application (Form I-485)If any of the above activities takes place within 90 days of entering the United States on a temporary visa \u2014 such as a B-1 (business visitor) or B-2 (tourist) visa \u2014 USCIS will presume that you \u201cwillfully misrepresented\u201d your intention for visiting. In this case, you will need to disprove such a presumption and submit evidence to overcome it. Otherwise, a USCIS officer could deny your marriage-based green card application or even revoke your tourist visa.USCIS will not presume willful misrepresentation, however, if you do not engage in the above activities for at least 90 days after entering the United States on a tourist visa. While observing the 90-day rule doesn\u2019t guarantee a successful marriage-based green card application, it\u2019s probably a good idea to play it safe.We understand that this process can be confusing and intimidating at first. But by always telling the truth and being prepared, you can take charge of your immigration journey.With Boundless, you get the peace of mind that comes with having an independent immigration attorney who answers your confidential questions and reviews your entire green card application. \n Let\u2019s begin!Can my fianc\u00e9(e) visit me in the United States on a tourist visa?The short answer is yes, you can. The same rules for spouses of U.S. citizens (as described above) also apply to engaged partners with a pending K-1 (fianc\u00e9 or fiancee visa.) Boundless has a detailed guide on the differences between a fianc\u00e9 visa and a marriage-based green card.Can\u2019t find the answer to your question in this guide? With Boundless, you get an independent immigration attorney who will answer all of your questions. \n Get started today.\n\n \n Boundless \u2014 for people who want the expertiseof an immigration lawyer, not the price tag.\n \n \n \n Check My Eligibility\n \n \n \n Learn what we do for you\n \n \n \nRelated InformationMarriage Green Cards, ExplainedHow is a Fianc\u00e9 Visa Different from a Marriage-Based Green Card?How Long Does It Take to Get a Marriage Green Card in the U.S.?What Are The Costs of a Marriage-Based Green Card?What Documents Do I Need for a Marriage-Based Green Card?What is an Affidavit of Support?Preparing for the Green Card InterviewAdjust of Status Vs Consular Processing","excerpt":"It\u2019s possible to visit your spouse in the United States while your marriage-based green card application is pending. In order to do so, you would need to apply for a tourist visa. But before pursuing this option, it\u2019s important to","permalink":"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/immigration-resources\/when-can-i-visit-my-spouse-in-the-united-states\/"},{"id":103,"title":"How Do We Prove Our Marriage Is Real?","subtitle":"Showing sufficient proof of a \"bona fide\" marriage in your spousal visa application and at your green card interview","body":"When you\u2019re applying for a marriage green card, one of the most important steps of the process is to prove not just that you\u2019re married but also that your marriage is \u201cbona fide.\u201d A bona fide marriage means that you and your spouse intend to build a future together and did not get married only for immigration purposes \u2014 in this case, to obtain a green card.To accomplish this, you must first provide a marriage certificate with your green card application. But that alone won\u2019t be enough to establish that your marriage is authentic. U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) knows how easy it is to get married as a legal transaction. That\u2019s why they look for other proof that the couple is planning a life together when evaluating marriage-based green card applications.There are two primary opportunities to prove that your marriage is authentic:By providing documents in your I-130 petition package (the first step of the marriage-based green card process). By answering questions at your green card interview.For a flat rate of $750, Boundless helps you complete your entire marriage-based green card (spousal visa) application \u2014 including all required forms and supporting documents, independent attorney review, and support from the moment your application is filed until you receive your green card. \n Learn more, or \n get started now.As you prepare your I-130 petition package, it\u2019s important to paint a picture of your relationship over time. For example, providing five photos over five years is stronger evidence of an authentic marriage than 10 photos of you together from just the past month.Lack of evidence of an authentic marriage is one significant reason why I-130 petitions get denied by USCIS. The following documents to include in your I-130 petition package can help you make a strong case of a genuine marriage. You won\u2019t need to include every single document listed in each category below, but USCIS typically wants to see documents that fall into as many of those categories as possible. (If some of these documents are not available, see \u201cSpecial Situations\u201d below.)Boundless also has a more comprehensive list of the\u00a0documents needed for a marriage-based green card and which immigration forms they should be submitted with.Proof that you combined your financesFinancial documents showing that you and your spouse have combined both your assets and liabilities are an excellent way to establish that you have a bona fide marriage.Examples of such documents include copies of:Joint bank account statements Titles or deeds for jointly owned property (real estate or vehicles) Mortgage or loan documents showing joint responsibility for payments Joint credit card statements Joint auto, health, and\/or home insurance policies Life insurance policies listing each other as your primary beneficiaryProof that you live togetherUSCIS expects married couples to live together (living apart will generally raise red flags). If, however, the couple honestly and thoroughly explains their unusual living situation and provides alternative evidence of a genuine marriage, the living arrangement itself should not prevent obtaining a green card.If you haven\u2019t lived with your spouse since you were married, it\u2019s essential to include a strong explanation as to why you\u2019ve had to live apart.For more typical cases, examples of documents that can help prove cohabitation (living together) include:Copies of the following, showing both spouses\u2019 names:Joint mortgage or lease documents Utility or other bills Property deedCopies of the following, showing the same address for both spouses:Driver\u2019s licenses Property deed Insurance statements Joint bank statementsOriginal copies of the following, showing the same address for both spouses:Letters from family members, friends, and\/or employersProof that you have children togetherProof that you\u2019re together raising children \u2014 from either your current or previous marriage(s) \u2014 is one of the strongest pieces of evidence.Examples of such documents include:Copies of:Your children\u2019s birth certificates (listing one of the spouses\u2019 names if from a previous marriage) Adoption certificates School or medical records listing the stepparent as an emergency contact for the stepchildrenOriginal copies of:A letter from a medical provider attesting to a current pregnancy or\u00a0fertility treatments Family photos from vacations or other events showing both of you with your children and\/or stepchildrenOther proofA marriage is about more than just money and kids. USCIS wants proof that you and your spouse have a real relationship \u2014 that you communicate and engage in activities together.Examples of such proof include:Copies of:Travel itineraries for vacations you took together, especially to the home country of the spouse seeking a green card Phone or chat records showing that you talk regularlyOriginal copies of:Wedding photos Photos from parties, events, and trips (as a couple and with friends and family) Letters, emails, or cards you sent to each other Receipts for any gifts (such as candy, flowers, or jewelry, not everyday household items, such as groceries) you purchased for each other (receipts or invoices listing one spouse as the \u201cbill to\u201d name and the other spouse as the \u201cship to\u201d or \u201crecipient\u201d name are especially helpful)With Boundless, you\u2019ll know which documents you need and can keep them all together securely online. And you can leave the printing to us. You\u2019ll receive the entire printed application package at your doorstep, with clear instructions on how to sign and send it to the government.\n Learn more, or \n get started today!The green card interview is the second opportunity for you to establish that your marriage is authentic. But it\u2019s set up differently for every couple, depending on where the spouse seeking a green card currently lives:If the spouse seeking a green card lives abroad, they will attend their interview at a U.S. embassy or consulate in their home country \u2014\u00a0without the sponsoring spouse. A consular officer will conduct the interview. If the spouse seeking a green card lives in the United States, they will attend their interview at their local USCIS field office \u2014 with the sponsoring spouse. A USCIS officer will conduct the interview.Some USCIS officers interview couples together, whereas others might interview them separately. Often, but not always, questioning the couple separately is a sign that the USCIS officer suspects marriage fraud.Questions to expectWhether you\u2019re interviewed separately or together, the interviewing officer will ask questions they would expect married couples to be able to answer easily. They often start with relatively simple, predictable questions about where you met and how your relationship began, but officers have significant leeway in the questions they can ask.Don\u2019t be surprised, either, if your interview gets personal. You might be asked:Whether you use contraception and, if so, what kind? Whether your spouse has tattoos or birthmarks and what they look like What kinds of marital difficulties you\u2019ve experienced and how you overcame them Who sleeps on which side of the bed?For a more detailed list of the most common interview questions, as well as helpful interview tips, check out our guide to preparing for the marriage green card interview.Boundless stays with you until the finish line, helping you keep on top of interview preparation, follow-on forms, and every other important milestone along the way. \n Ready to start?Some spouses seeking a green card do not have a U.S. Social Security number (SSN). This can be the case when, for example, they originally entered the United States on a temporary, non-employment-based visa then married a U.S. citizen or green card holder.To prove the authenticity of a marriage in this situation, the couple could provide the following (in place of documents that would require an SSN to obtain):Documents of travel together (such as plane tickets showing you were on the same flight or hotel reservations showing both of your names) Photos of the couple together Personal affidavits (written statements) from friends and family attesting to their knowledge of your marriageWith Boundless, you get an independent immigration attorney who answers your confidential questions and reviews your entire green card application \u2014 for no additional fee. \n Let\u2019s begin!\n\n \n Boundless \u2014 for people who want the expertiseof an immigration lawyer, not the price tag.\n \n \n \n Check My Eligibility\n \n \n \n Learn what we do for you\n \n \n \nRelated informationMarriage Green Cards, ExplainedHow Is a Fianc\u00e9 Visa Different from a Marriage-Based Green Card?How Long Does It Take to Get a Marriage Green Card in the U.S.?What Are the Costs of a Marriage-Based Green Card?What Documents Do I Need for a Marriage-Based Green Card?What Is an Affidavit of Support?Preparing for the Green Card Interview","excerpt":"When you\u2019re applying for a marriage green card, one of the most important steps of the process is to prove not just that you\u2019re married but also that your marriage is \u201cbona fide.\u201d A bona fide marriage means that you","permalink":"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/immigration-resources\/how-do-we-prove-our-marriage-is-real\/"},{"id":105,"title":"Same-Sex Relationships and Marriage Green Cards","subtitle":"Common concerns gay and lesbian couples may have with green card applications","body":"Can lesbian and gay married couples apply for a green card if one partner is a U.S. citizen or green card holder? The short answer: yes!The U.S. Supreme Court\u2019s federal marriage equality decision in 2013 (United States v. Windsor) means that same-sex marriages are treated the same as heterosexual marriages for immigration purposes under U.S. law.Gay and lesbian U.S. citizens and green card holders can therefore apply for a marriage-based green card for their foreign national spouses, and United States Citizenship and Immigration Service (USCIS) treats applications from same-sex couples the same as applications from heterosexual couples.However, there are a few areas that are more likely to cause hiccups for same-sex couples than for heterosexual couples.The following is a rundown of common concerns for same-sex couples and how to handle them.Boundless makes it easy to complete your green card application by turning all the required government forms into simple questions you can answer online \u2014 typically in under 2 hours, compared with days or weeks the traditional way. You\u2019ll also get an independent immigration attorney who will review your entire application package and answer your questions \u2014 for no additional fee. Ready to start? \n Learn more, or \n check your eligibility now.The foundation of any marriage-based green card application is proving that you and your spouse have an authentic marriage, rather than a marriage solely intended to help the foreign national partner obtain a green card.There are no special requirements for same-sex couples\u2014you need the same documents as heterosexual couples to prove an authentic marriage (for more information about what to include, see guide on How Do We Prove Our Marriage Is Real?). However, there are a few potential challenges that are more common among same-sex couples than among heterosexual couples.No relationship with in-lawsPhotos of you, your spouse, and your respective families are a good way to prove your relationship is authentic as part of your initial filing package (I-130 petition). So is correspondence between each spouse and his or her in-laws. Showing a relationship with your spouse\u2019s family is even more important during the green card interview. The USCIS or consular officer conducting the green card interview will almost always ask questions about your spouse\u2019s family. These could be questions about the names of your spouse\u2019s siblings or what you did as a family for your mother-in-law\u2019s most recent birthday.If your spouse\u2019s family does not accept your marriage, these questions can be challenging.As with any other issue, the best approach is always honesty. For example, it\u2019s better to explain that you\u2019ve never met your mother-in-law because she is homophobic, than trying to cover up the fact that you have no relationship with your in-laws. Even if you\u2019ve never met your in-laws, however, you should know their names and ages. Being completely ignorant of your spouse\u2019s family could raise suspicions during your green card interview.Lack of employment or lease documentsAnother strong way to prove that your marriage is authentic is to show that you and your spouse have a joint lease or that your spouse is listed on documents with your employer\u2014for example, as an emergency contact and\/or as a beneficiary of any employment-related benefits. This can be challenging for same-sex couples who fear discrimination either from landlords or from employers, especially because not all states legally protect LGBTQ individuals from discrimination in housing or employment.If you don\u2019t have a joint lease, you can show that you and your spouse live together using other documents. These might include a joint utility bill, copies of your driver\u2019s licenses or ID cards showing the same address, or any other official documents that show both of you living at the same place. If your spouse isn\u2019t mentioned in any of your employment-related documents, you can submit other documents that show that you have joint financial resources. This might include joint bank account statements, documents showing you and your spouse as the beneficiaries of each other\u2019s life insurance policies (which need not be employer-provided), or joint credit card statements.The important thing is to provide proof that you live together and that you have joint financial assets and responsibilities.Prior heterosexual marriagesOne common concern for same-sex couples arises if one or both of the partners has had a heterosexual marriage in the past. If you\u2019ve been married in the past, USCIS will know. You are required to list any and all previous marriages on your green card forms (I-130 petition), and to provide divorce certificates or death certificates proving that any prior marriages were legally terminated. While you should expect questions about your opposite-sex marriage at your green card interview, having a previous heterosexual marriage will not automatically raise red flags. As with any interview questions, it\u2019s a good idea to prepare ahead of time, and it\u2019s essential to answer honestly.This issue becomes more complicated if you or your gay spouse previously filed a green card application (specifically, the I-130 petition) based on a prior heterosexual marriage. At the interview, you could face accusations that this prior marriage was fraudulent and solely intended to obtain a green card. If you became a U.S. citizen or a green card holder based on a prior marriage and are now sponsoring your current spouse for a green card, your current marriage will also be intensely scrutinized.If any of these scenarios apply to you, it\u2019s critical that you be prepared to explain honestly and clearly why you were previously in a heterosexual marriage. It\u2019s less important to get into the emotional details of your relationship with your ex-spouse; the most important thing is to establish that you were not married solely for immigration purposes.With Boundless, you get the confidence of an independent immigration attorney who will review all of your application materials and answer any questions you have \u2014 for no additional fee. Learn more about \n what you get with Boundless, or \n check your eligibility for free.Separate from the matter of proving an authentic marriage (described above), same-sex couples may face special challenges in establishing the legal validity of their marriage.Marriages vs. civil unionsBefore marriage equality was established throughout the United States by the Supreme Court in 2015 (Obergefell v. Hodges), many gay and lesbian couples entered into civil unions that provided some of the same benefits as marriage. Immigration benefits, however, are not one of the benefits of civil unions. You and your partner must be married, not just joined in a civil union, to be eligible for a gay marriage green card.Does it matter where we were married in the United States?No. Immigration benefits are governed by U.S. federal law, so state or local laws regarding gay rights are irrelevant when it comes to immigration. Since the Supreme Court ruled that same-sex marriages must be recognized everywhere in the United States, you do not need to get married in a state that passed its own law legalizing same-sex marriages.Does it matter where we were married abroad?As with heterosexual marriages, your marriage must be valid in the place it was performed. That means that you must get married in a country that recognizes same-sex marriages (or you can get married anywhere in the United States). If your husband or wife lives in a country that doesn\u2019t recognize same-sex marriages, then you might want to consider applying for a fianc\u00e9 visa. For more information, see our guide on How is a Fianc\u00e9 Visa Different from a Marriage-Based Green Card?Not sure if you qualify for a marriage-based green card? You can \n check your eligibility through Boundless without providing any personal or financial information. When you\u2019re ready to apply, Boundless can guide you through every milestone of the marriage-based green card process, starting with your Form I-130 all the way to the finish line. \n Learn more, or \n get started today.Because individual consular officers and USCIS officers have a lot of freedom to use their discretion when granting or denying green card applications, many same-sex couples worry about getting a biased officer who is inclined to deny all green card applications based on a same-sex marriage.USCIS and consular officers have received sensitivity training on LGBTQ issues and, as professionals and public servants, they are expected to carry out the law. Attorneys who assist with a large number of same-sex marriage-based green card cases have not reported a major bias issue among USCIS or consular officers.Boundless works with married couples from diverse backgrounds, including same-sex couples. As part of what you get with Boundless,\u00a0an independent immigration attorney will answer any questions you have about your application \u2014 for no additional fee. \n Check your eligibility without any obligation, or learn more about \n our services.All marriages are equal under the lawIt\u2019s the law of the land that same-sex marriages be treated the same as heterosexual marriages throughout the immigration system.That said, as with anything related to immigration, the best practice is to honestly and clearly explain any potentially confusing situations. If you include in your filing package a genuine written explanation (in the form of a cover letter, for example) for any potential issues your green card application might face, you may avoid being asked for more evidence of an authentic marriage at the interview stage.In any event, consular officers and USCIS officers receive sensitivity training about cultural and other issues faced by same-sex couples, so they won\u2019t be shocked to hear that someone from a conservative country is not \u201cout\u201d to his or her employer, for example.While couples may sometimes face special hurdles when applying for a same-sex marriage green card, these challenges should be easy to address in most cases, especially with appropriate documentation and preparation.For a flat rate of $750, Boundless helps you complete your entire marriage-based green card (spousal visa) application \u2014 including all required forms and supporting documents, independent attorney review, and support \u2014 from the moment your application is filed until you receive your green card. \n Learn more, or \n check your eligibility for free.\n\n \n Boundless \u2014 for people who want the expertiseof an immigration lawyer, not the price tag.\n \n \n \n Check My Eligibility\n \n \n \n Learn what we do for you\n \n \n \nRelated informationMarriage Green Cards, ExplainedHow is a Fianc\u00e9 Visa Different from a Marriage-Based Green Card?How Long Does It Take to Get a Marriage Green Card in the U.S.?What Are The Costs of a Marriage-Based Green Card?What Documents Do I Need for a Marriage-Based Green Card?What is an Affidavit of Support?","excerpt":"Can lesbian and gay married couples apply for a green card if one partner is a U.S. citizen or green card holder? The short answer: yes!The U.S. Supreme Court\u2019s federal marriage equality decision in 2013 (United States v. Windsor) means","permalink":"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/immigration-resources\/same-sex-relationships-and-marriage-based-green-cards\/"},{"id":106,"title":"How to Read the Visa Bulletin","subtitle":"The monthly publication that reveals wait times for certain green card applicants","body":"If you or your spouse is a green card holder and you\u2019re planning on applying for a marriage-based green card, you\u2019ve probably heard about the visa bulletin.The visa bulletin is issued every month by the Department of State. It shows which green card applications can move forward, based on when the I-130 petition that starts the green card process was originally filed. It also lets you estimate how long it will take before you will be able to get your green card, based on how quickly the \u201cline\u201d is moving now. Once your I-130 petition has been filed, you\u2019ll be able to check the visa bulletin and watch your place in line move forward.Boundless Co-Founder and immigration policy expert, Doug Rand, publishes a monthly analysis of the most recent Visa Bulletin here.Everything you need to know about this important monthly update is explained below, but here\u2019s the bottom line for family members seeking green cards:If you\u2019re the spouse, parent, or unmarried child (under age 21) of a U.S. citizen, you don\u2019t even need to read the visa bulletin\u2014there\u2019s no green card backlog or wait time for you! If you\u2019re the spouse or unmarried child (under age 21) of a U.S. green card holder, you\u2019ll have to wait extra 12-18 months for your green card to become available. If you\u2019re in a different category, your green card wait time may vary \u2014 from years to decades. Boundless publishes the most recent wait times here.For more details about family-based immigration, see our guide on Marriage-Based Green Cards.The visa bulletin exists because Congress caps the number of green cards that can be issued each year. The number of people who are seeking green cards has consistently exceeded this annual limit, creating a backlog\u2014in fact, several backlogs.There are currently 366,000 green cards available annually, but that total is broken down into a complex category system, with a specific quota for each category. The two broadest categories are family-based green cards (226,000), which include marriage-based green cards, and employment-based green cards (140,000).In addition to setting an overall limit on the number of green cards that can be issued per year, Congress also limits the number of available green cards based on country of origin. Under this annual \u201ccountry cap,\u201d no single country of origin can account for more than 7% of the green cards in any particular category.That\u2019s no big deal for a country like, say, Belgium (population 11 million)\u2014in fact, no European or African countries generate enough green card demand to bump up against the country cap. But there are substantial backlogs facing the many green card seekers from China (population 1.4 billion), India (population 1.3 billion), Mexico (population 129 million), and the Philippines (population 105 million).The caps on family-based green cards are broken down into four primary \u201cpreference categories\u201d.F1 (first preference): Unmarried adults (age 21 and over) who are children of U.S. citizens. The cap for this category is 23,400 green cards per year.F2 (second preference): Spouses and unmarried children of green card holders. The overall cap for this category is 114,200 green cards per year, but it\u2019s split into two sub-categories:F2A: Spouses and unmarried minor children (under age 21) of green card holders. If you are a green card holder who has applied for a green card for your spouse, this is the category you\u2019ll need to watch when you check the visa bulletin. 77% of the second category quota goes towards this F2A sub-category (that\u2019s 87,934 green cards per year). F2B: Unmarried adult children (age 21 and over) of green card holders. 23% of the second category quota goes towards this F2B sub-category (that\u2019s 26,266 green cards per year).F3 (third preference): Married children of U.S. citizens, regardless of age. The cap for this category is 23,400 green cards per year.F4 (fourth preference): Brothers and sisters of U.S. citizens. The cap for this category is 65,000 green cards per year.What Makes the F2A Category Special?If you look at the visa bulletin, you\u2019ll notice that the wait for a green card is much shorter for the F2A category than it is for any other family-based preference category. That is good news if you\u2019re the spouse of a U.S. green card holder!There are two reasons that this category moves the fastest. First of all, it has the largest quota, at 87,934 green cards. In addition, 75% of the green cards within the F2A category are exempt from that country cap described above. So the country of origin for a spouse seeking a green card is much less important than for a green card applicant in another category.What About Spouses of U.S. Citizens?There is no cap on the number of green cards available for immediate relatives of U.S. citizens, defined as spouses, parents, and unmarried minor children (under age 21). Since there is no annual limit, there is no backlog, no line to wait in, and nothing to see in the visa bulletin. Spouses of U.S. citizens can apply for a green card as soon as their I-130 petition is approved.Priority date: This is the date that U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) received your I-130 petition. Think of this date as your place in the green card line. You can find your priority date on the I-797 form mailed by USCIS approving your I-130 petition. Current: In the context of the visa bulletin, \u201ccurrent\u201d means no backlog and no wait time for a green card. A particular priority date becomes \u201ccurrent\u201d once it reaches the front of the line and a green card is available. Or an entire preference category can be \u201ccurrent\u201d if there\u2019s no backlog and no wait time within that category. Chargeability area: This is the green card applicant\u2019s country of birth. (Remember the country cap? Your own green card will be \u201ccharged\u201d toward the annual quota of green cards available to citizens of your country of birth.) Immediate relative: A spouse, parent, or child (under age 21) of a U.S. citizen. Cut-off date: The dates you see on the visa bulletin tables are called \u201ccut-off dates.\u201d Think of this date as the front of the green card line. Green card applicants with priority dates prior to the cut-off date can submit their green card applications. Green card applicants with priority dates after the cut-off date have to keep waiting.Section A: Final Action DatesThe \u201cfinal action dates\u201d chart shows which priority dates have reached the front of the line. These green card applications are ready for approval right now.Section B: Dates For FilingThe \u201cdates for filing\u201d chart shows which green card applicants who are living outside of the United States should go ahead and submit their application with the National Visa Center (NVC)\u2014even though a green card is not ready just yet. The cut-off dates in the \u201cdates for filing\u201d chart are slightly later (1-10 months) than those in the \u201cfinal action dates\u201d chart, which allows green card applicants to file their applications that much sooner.The \u201cdates for filing\u201d chart is primarily directed at people who will be applying for a green card from outside the United States, but USCIS publishes a page called \u201cwhen to file your adjustment of status application\u201d every month that indicates whether green card applicants living in the United States can submit their green card application based on the visa bulletin\u2019s \u201cdates for filing\u201d chart or whether they need to wait to meet the dates in the \u201cfinal action dates\u201d chart.Why Do These Different Dates Matter?For green card applicants living outside the United States, the \u201cdates for filing\u201d chart allows you to get an early start on assembling and submitting all the required documents to the National Visa Center (NVC). This sets the ball rolling, and ensures that the NVC has everything ready once your priority date appears in the \u201cfinal action dates\u201d chart and a green card is available to you.For green card applicants living in the United States, the \u201cdates for filing\u201d chart opens the door to additional benefits. That\u2019s because when filing a green card application with USCIS (technically an I-485 form for \u201cadjustment of status\u201d), you can simultaneously apply for a work permit (employment authorization document) and travel permit (advance parole document). For applicants who intend to work in the United States or travel outside the United States while waiting for their green card applications to be processed, these additional benefits can be invaluable.Country-Specific ColumnsYou\u2019ll notice that the visa bulletin has separate columns for China, India, Mexico, and the Philippines. The wait time for a green card is often longer\u2014and sometimes much longer\u2014for citizens of these four countries, because their annual demand for green cards exceeds the 7% \u201ccountry cap\u201d described above. This means that practically speaking, there are separate backlogs and green card lines for each of these four countries, which also vary by green card category.Remember, however, that the F2A category is special? You\u2019ll notice that the wait for a green card for spouses of U.S. green card holders is generally about the same regardless of the country of origin, because most green card applications in this category are exempt from the country cap. That means spouses from China, India, Mexico, and the Philippines only have to wait a few extra weeks (if at all) for their green cards\u2014compared with years or even more than a decade for other relatives from these countries.What is Retrogression?Usually the visa bulletin\u2019s cut-off dates move forward over time, pushing green card seekers ahead in line\u2026but not always. When there are more applications for a green card category in a given month than USCIS or the State Department was expecting, the cut-off dates for the subsequent month might move backwards. This is called a \u201cvisa retrogression,\u201d and it\u2019s most common around September (the end of the government\u2019s fiscal year).Sometimes the visa bulletin will provide advance warning of an upcoming retrogression, giving green card applicants some time to prepare. But sometimes the visa bulletin announces a completely unexpected visa retrogression, which is an unpleasant surprise for applicants who were expecting to move forward in line, not backward. That\u2019s why it is a good idea to prepare all the documents needed for your green card application ahead of time, and be ready to file as quickly as possible once the visa bulletin shows that a green card is available to you. By failing to file in a month when a green card is available, you risk facing a surprise retrogression in the next visa bulletin, which would close your window of opportunity for filing a green card application.If you\u2019ve already filed your green card application and there\u2019s a visa retrogression, USCIS or the State Department will hold your application until you get back to the front of the line. You don\u2019t need to do anything other than ensure that your contact information is up to date.If you haven\u2019t yet filed your green card application and there\u2019s a visa retrogression, the result is the same\u2014you\u2019ll have to wait until you get back to the front of the line before filing. (Or, to use the visa bulletin\u2019s terms, until your priority date becomes current again.)Want to learn more about what\u2019s happening with green card backlogs and wait times? Every month, Boundless releases visa bulletin explainers that demystify this process and show trends over time.\n\n \n Boundless \u2014 for people who want the expertiseof an immigration lawyer, not the price tag.\n \n \n \n Check My Eligibility\n \n \n \n Learn what we do for you\n \n \n \nRelated informationMarriage Green Cards, ExplainedHow is a Fianc\u00e9 Visa Different from a Marriage-Based Green Card?How Long Does It Take to Get a Marriage Green Card in the U.S.?Latest Immigration NewsWhat Documents Do I Need for a Marriage-Based Green Card?What is an Affidavit of Support?Preparing for the Green Card Interview","excerpt":"If you or your spouse is a green card holder and you\u2019re planning on applying for a marriage-based green card, you\u2019ve probably heard about the visa bulletin.The visa bulletin is issued every month by the Department of State. It shows","permalink":"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/immigration-resources\/how-to-read-the-visa-bulletin\/"},{"id":110,"title":"Preventing a Request for Evidence (RFE)","subtitle":"How to avoid\u2014and manage\u2014this common challenge in the green card process","body":"If you thought you were done with the\u00a0marriage green card application, receiving a Request for Evidence (or \u201cRFE\u201d) from U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) can be frustrating and even scary. But don\u2019t panic!An RFE does not mean that your application is going to be denied or even that it is more likely to be denied than if you hadn\u2019t gotten the RFE. An RFE, as the name suggests, is simply a request for more documentation. It means that the USCIS officer reviewing your application needs more information before he or she can make a decision.Think of an RFE as a second chance to review your application and ensure that you have provided the most compelling evidence that\u00a0your marriage is real, and that you or your spouse are eligible for a marriage-based green card.It is very important that you respond to the Request for Evidence and provide as much of the requested evidence as possible by the deadline indicated on the notice. If your RFE requests more than one document, you have to send everything together in one response packet. If you don\u2019t meet the deadline, USCIS will make a decision based on the information and documents it already has, and that often means your application will be denied.The best way to handle a USCIS Request for Evidence is to avoid getting one in the first place. Even though an RFE does not necessarily mean that your application will be denied, it will always result in additional delays. In most (but not all) cases, RFEs can be avoided with a thoroughly prepared application.In general, RFEs are sent any time the USCIS officer reviewing your application needs more information\u2014but there are a few specific reasons that are especially common:1. Missing Initial EvidenceIf you failed to provide any documents, forms, or other evidence necessary to prove that you\u2019re eligible for a marriage-based green card, you will likely get an RFE. And that\u2019s a good thing\u2014certainly preferable over USCIS outright denying an application that was missing required initial evidence.2. The Sponsoring Spouse Lacks Sufficient IncomeWhen applying for a marriage-based green card, the U.S. citizen or green card holder has to demonstrate enough financial resources to support the family in the United States (typically by earning at least 125% of the federal poverty line). Failing to provide enough documentation to prove sufficient income is a common reason for RFEs.If the sponsoring spouse doesn\u2019t earn enough, he or she can find a co-sponsor\u2014often a family member\u2014who agrees to support the couple in the United States. You can see our handy guide to find out if you meet the financial support requirements.3. Missing Proof of Legal EntryIf the spouse seeking a green card is already within the United States, you must prove that he or she entered the United States legally.For most people, this means providing a copy of your stamped passport and\/or a copy of your I-94 travel history, the form that U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) uses to track arrivals and departures.If you arrived in the United States by plane or boat before April 2013, you got a paper I-94. You also still get a paper I-94 if you if you enter the United States by land from Canada or Mexico.If you arrived by plane or boat after April 2013, however, your information was entered into a database and you didn\u2019t get a physical slip of paper. In that case, getting a copy of your I-94 online is relatively easy.If you lost your original I-94 and your records aren\u2019t available on the CBP website, you can file Form I-102 to request a replacement I-94.4. Missing Document TranslationsIf any of your documents are in a language other than English, you must provide a translation made by someone other than you or your spouse. These translations have to be certified, which just means that the translator must certify in writing that he or she has translated the document accurately. The certification should include the translator\u2019s name, address, and signature, as well as the date the translation was completed.5. Unusual CasesIf there are any unusual aspects of your case, provide additional explanations or evidence to pre-empt questions from USCIS. For example, if you previously applied for a green card for someone else (an ex-spouse), but ended up withdrawing your green card application, you should include a written explanation of that situation.The first step in responding to an RFE is to read the entire RFE carefully. Check out this guide to\u00a0understanding each part of the RFE. You will typically only get an RFE once, which means you have this one chance to respond to any and all remaining questions that USCIS has about your application.Next, you should review your original application package. USCIS officers are human, and sometimes they request information that you have already provided. If this is the case, you can photocopy the relevant documents from your original application package to include in your RFE response.Then you\u2019ll need to prepare your response package, including the following items:Your original RFE notice (NOT a photocopy) should be the first page of the response package. You only get one response to an RFE, so if there are several documents requested you need to send them all, together, in one package. If there are documents you\u2019ve photocopied from your original application, you should note that they came from that original application. Provide any necessary explanations. For example, if your birth certificate is bilingual (and one of the languages is English), but you are asked to submit a translation, you can point out that the birth certificate is already in English.If there is any document requested in the RFE that you can\u2019t provide, you should explain why you don\u2019t have access to it, and provide alternative evidence if possible. For example, you or your spouse might have trouble getting a copy of your birth certificate because a fire or other disaster destroyed the records. In that case, you should include a letter from the records office that would normally have your birth certificate explaining why that record is not available. You should also include a sworn statement (formally known as an \u201caffidavit\u201d) from a family member confirming the date and place of your or your spouse\u2019s birth.Lastly, returning the documents by the USCIS-imposed deadline is extremely important, as is good recordkeeping. You should photocopy your entire RFE response package, including the original RFE notice. When you mail it back to USCIS, make sure you have a way to track the package and confirm that it was delivered, and keep this proof of delivery with your photocopied RFE package.Remember: A Request For Evidence is one more opportunity to make the case that you qualify for a marriage-based green card. If you\u2019ve received an RFE, take enough time to prepare a thorough response and round up all of the requested documents.\n\n \n Boundless \u2014 for people who want the expertiseof an immigration lawyer, not the price tag.\n \n \n \n Check My Eligibility\n \n \n \n Learn what we do for you\n \n \n \nRelated informationA Guide to Getting Your Marriage Green CardHow Long Does It Take to Get a Marriage Green Card in the U.S.?What Are The Costs of a Marriage Visa?More about the RFE ProcessAbout the\u00a0i-130a ProcessPreparing for the Green Card Interview","excerpt":"If you thought you were done with the\u00a0marriage green card application, receiving a Request for Evidence (or \u201cRFE\u201d) from U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) can be frustrating and even scary. But don\u2019t panic!An RFE does not mean that your","permalink":"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/immigration-resources\/what-is-a-request-for-evidence-rfe-and-what-should-i-do-about-it\/"},{"id":4974,"title":"Preparing for the U.S. Citizenship Oath of Allegiance Ceremony","subtitle":"What to expect in the final step of the naturalization process","body":"Citizenship applicants take the Oath of Allegiance at their naturalization ceremony in Washington, D.C.What is the Oath of Allegiance?The Oath of Allegiance to the United States is a sworn declaration that every citizenship applicant must recite during a formal ceremony in order to become a naturalized American citizen. The Oath ceremony is a tradition dating back to the 18th century.When taking the Oath, the new citizen promises to fulfill the following duties:Support and defend the U.S. Constitution and the laws of the United States against its enemies. Give up allegiance to any other nation or sovereign, and renounce hereditary or noble titles, if any. Provide military or civilian service when called upon by the government to do so.Attending the Oath of Allegiance ceremony is mandatory as the final step of the naturalization process. You must satisfy this requirement of U.S. citizenship in order to naturalize and become a U.S. citizen.And if you\u2019re worried, don\u2019t be! The Oath of Allegiance is a painless process \u2014 in fact, it\u2019s an inspiring life experience. In this guide, we\u2019ll discuss everything you can expect before, during, and after the ceremony to help boost your confidence.Not sure if you qualify for U.S. citizenship? You can \n check your eligibility through Boundless without providing any personal information. When you\u2019re ready to apply, Boundless can guide you through every milestone of the naturalization process, starting with your citizenship application all the way to final ceremony. \n Learn more, or \n get started today.Once U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) approves your Application for Naturalization (Form N-400), the next step will be to take the Oath of Allegiance.How long after the citizenship interview is the Oath ceremony scheduled?If USCIS has all of the information and documentation it needs to approve your application during your naturalization interview and exam, your swearing-in ceremony could take place on the same day. In this case, you\u2019ll be asked to leave after your interview and exam and return later in the day for the ceremony.Otherwise, USCIS will send you an appointment letter \u2014 officially called the \u201cNotice of Naturalization Oath Ceremony\u201d (Form N-445) \u2014 with the date, time, and location of the event.When and where does the citizenship Oath ceremony take place?The Oath ceremony usually takes place at the same location, a\u00a0USCIS field office, where your interview and exam were held.What if I can\u2019t attend on the date and time that USCIS has scheduled?If you anticipate not being able to attend your naturalization ceremony on the date and time scheduled by USCIS, you must return Form N-445 to the USCIS field office where the ceremony will take place. You must also provide (with the form) a letter explaining why you cannot attend on the original date and time and requesting that they reschedule your appointment.If you do not attend more than once, USCIS may deny your citizenship application, which underscores the importance of showing up for your first or second ceremony appointment.What should I wear to the citizenship Oath ceremonyUSCIS instructs all applicants to dress in attire that \u201crespects the dignity\u201d of the Oath of Allegiance ceremony. The agency specifically prohibits wearing jeans, shorts, and flip flops.What do I need to bring to the ceremony?You\u2019ll need to bring the following:1. Your green card (officially called the \u201cPermanent Resident Card,\u201d or Form I-551): You will not be required to bring your green card if either of the following applies:You gave proof (such as a police report) during your interview that it was lost or stolen and you tried to get it back. You were never issued one because you\u2019re applying for naturalization based on your qualifying military service.2. Your appointment letter (Form N-445): If your Oath ceremony takes place more than one day after your interview, you must complete the questionnaire on the back of this letter before arriving at your ceremony. The yes-or-no questions refer specifically to changes, if any, that occurred since the time of your interview. Before your ceremony, a USCIS officer will review your answers to the questionnaire to ensure that none of the changes affects your eligibility for citizenship.Some examples of questions include:Have you married, or been widowed, separated, or divorced? Have you traveled outside the United States? Have you knowingly committed any crime or offense, for which you have not been arrested?3. A second form of a government-issued photo ID: This can include a driver\u2019s license, passport, or state ID.4. USCIS-issued travel documents: These include your re-entry permit and Refugee Travel Document, if any.5. Other documents: If you forgot to bring any documents to your interview, you must bring these to your Oath ceremony.IMPORTANT: Make sure to also check this list of items that applicants are strictly prohibited from bringing to the ceremony.How should I prepare?There\u2019s no preparation necessary. Just make sure to bring with you all of the required items listed above and follow the instructions on your appointment letter.Do I need to memorize the words to the Oath of Allegiance?No, you don\u2019t need to memorize anything! During the ceremony, you\u2019ll be given a sheet of paper with the words to the Oath of Allegiance, or the words will be projected on a screen. To help you prepare, you can also read the full text of the Oath below.For a flat rate of $395, Boundless helps you complete your entire naturalization application, including all forms and supporting documents, independent attorney review, and support from the moment your application is filed until you obtain U.S. citizenship. \n Learn more, or \n get started today. If you don\u2019t know whether you qualify for citizenship, you can \n check your eligibility through Boundless without giving any personal or financial information.Checking inWhen you arrive at the USCIS field office (or whichever facility holds your ceremony), a USCIS officer will check you in. They\u2019ll start by going over your appointment letter (Form N-445) to make sure you did not respond \u201cyes\u201d to any questions in the questionnaire (if applicable) and determine your eligibility to take the Oath of Allegiance (basically, that you\u2019ve passed your\u00a0interview and exam and submitted all required information and documentation).If the USCIS officer determines that you are eligible, you\u2019ll then hand in your green card (to be replaced by a Certificate of Naturalization, Form N-550, at the end of the ceremony) and USCIS-issued travel documents, if any (see above).Also during check-in, you\u2019ll receive a set of materials that may include:A welcome packet American flag Citizen\u2019s Almanac (Form M-76) Pocket-size pamphlet of the Declaration of Independence and U.S. Constitution (Form M-654)It\u2019s important to arrive at least 30 minutes early to ensure that you have enough time to check in before the scheduled start time of your ceremony. USCIS usually schedules multiple applicants to appear on the same day.After checking inBefore you actually take the Oath of Allegiance, USCIS will give a presentation that includes videos, music, and opening remarks from a \u201cMaster of Ceremonies\u201d and possibly a guest speaker.You and other applicants will then be instructed to stand, raise your right hand, and recite the Oath of Allegiance aloud before a USCIS official. (See \u201cSpecial Situations\u201d below if you prefer to recite a different version of the Oath or can\u2019t recite it at all for certain reasons.)The ceremony ends with a recitation of the Pledge of Allegiance\u00a0(not to be confused with the Oath of Allegiance)\u00a0and closing comments from the Master of Ceremonies.Boundless turns all the government requirements for naturalization into simple questions you can answer online, typically in under an hour \u2014 compared with days or weeks the traditional way. We make it easy to complete your naturalization application and avoid common problems. \n Learn more, or \n get started today. For your convenience, you can also \n check your eligibility for naturalization through Boundless without providing any personal or financial information.Congratulations! You\u2019re now a U.S. citizen, enjoying the full privileges and responsibilities of citizenship.Once you\u2019ve taken the Oath of Allegiance, you\u2019ll receive your Certificate of Naturalization. You\u2019ll need to check it for errors, and notify USCIS if you spot any, before you leave the USCIS field office.The Certificate of Naturalization will serve as proof of your citizenship, so make sure to store it in a safe place. Lost certificates are costly to replace. To request a lost certificate, you\u2019ll need to file Form N-565 (officially called the \u201cApplication for Replacement Naturalization\/Citizenship Document\u201d) and pay a fee of $555.Soon after the ceremony, it would also be a good idea to update your Social Security record, apply for a U.S. passport (your welcome packet may include a passport application), and register to vote. Some USCIS offices, however, may allow you to register to vote on-site after your ceremony.Boundless stays with you throughout the naturalization process \u2014 from the moment you file your citizenship application all the way to your Oath of Allegiance ceremony. \n Learn more, or \n get started now. If you\u2019re not sure whether you qualify for naturalization, you can \n check your eligibility through Boundless without providing any personal or financial information.You may choose to recite a different version of the Oath of Allegiance or to not recite it at all if one of the following scenarios applies to you:You cannot, or are not willing to, perform military service (combatant or noncombatant) because of religious objections. In this case, you may ask to omit those words when taking the Oath. Be prepared to provide documentation from the religious organization of which you are a member that explains this special circumstance and vouches for your good standing in the organization.You cannot, or are not willing to, recite the Oath if it includes the words \u201con oath\u201d and \u201cso help me God.\u201d In this case, you must notify USCIS that you wish to recite a \u201cmodified\u201d version of the Oath. You will not be required to provide proof or explanation as to why you\u2019d like to make this request.You cannot understand, or are not able to express that you understand, the meaning of the Oath of Allegiance because of a physical or developmental disability or mental impairment. In this case, you can request that USCIS waive the Oath of Allegiance requirement. If approved, you will not need to recite the Oath. To request a waiver, which you can do at any time before the Oath ceremony, you\u2019ll need to provide the following two documents (no special form is required):A written request (drafted with the help of your legal guardian, surrogate, or representative \u2014 see the USCIS Policy Manual for a definition of these terms) A written evaluation by a doctor who has known you the longest or is most familiar with your medical history (see the USCIS Policy Manual for complete instructions).Do you have confidential questions about any of the above or some other unique situation? With Boundless, you get an experienced independent immigration attorney who can answer your questions and will review your entire application package \u2014 for no additional fee. Learn more about \n our services, or \n start your application. You can also \n check your eligibility for citizenship through Boundless without disclosing any personal or financial information.\u201cI hereby declare, on oath, that I absolutely and entirely renounce and abjure all allegiance and fidelity to any foreign prince, potentate, state, or sovereignty, of whom or which I have heretofore been a subject or citizen; that I will support and defend the Constitution and laws of the United States of America against all enemies, foreign and domestic; that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the same; that I will bear arms on behalf of the United States when required by the law; that I will perform noncombatant service in the Armed Forces of the United States when required by the law; that I will perform work of national importance under civilian direction when required by the law; and that I take this obligation freely, without any mental reservation or purpose of evasion; so help me God.\u201dThe above text was current as of November 4, 2018. For the most recent version of the Oath of Allegiance, please refer to the Code of Federal Regulations.Boundless can help you complete your citizenship application and guide you all the way to the finish line. We\u2019ll help you stay on top of interview preparation, follow-on forms, and every other important milestone along the way, including the Oath of Allegiance ceremony. \n Ready to start?\n\n \n Boundless \u2014 for people who want the expertiseof an immigration lawyer, not the price tag.\n \n \n \n Check Your Eligibility\n \n \n \n Learn what we do for you\n \n \n \nRELATED INFORMATIONA Beginner\u2019s Guide to U.S. CitizenshipHow to Steer Clear of Naturalization TrapsApplication for Naturalization (Form N-400)U.S. Citizenship RequirementsThe Citizenship TestRequired Supporting Documents for NaturalizationAdvantages of Obtaining U.S. CitizenshipThe Costs of Applying for U.S. CitizenshipHow Long Does It Take to Naturalize?The Citizenship Interview, ExplainedExample Naturalization Interview QuestionsApplying for Dual Citizenship","excerpt":"Citizenship applicants take the Oath of Allegiance at their naturalization ceremony in Washington, D.C.What is the Oath of Allegiance?The Oath of Allegiance to the United States is a sworn declaration that every citizenship applicant must recite during a formal ceremony","permalink":"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/immigration-resources\/us-citizenship-oath-of-allegiance-ceremony\/"},{"id":111,"title":"2019 Marriage Visa Income Requirements","subtitle":"How to meet the U.S. government's financial sponsorship requirements","body":"The most common minimum annual income required to sponsor a spouse for a marriage-based green card is $21,137. This assumes that the sponsoring spouse \u2014 the U.S. citizen or current green card holder \u2014 is not in active military duty and that the couple has no children.The income requirements increase based on family size, as shown in the tables below. The amounts will also be higher for residents of Alaska and Hawaii than for residents of the 48 contiguous states, the District of Columbia, and U.S. territories.In order for a spouse to qualify for a marriage-based green card, the sponsoring spouse must accept financial responsibility. For more information about the sponsoring spouse\u2019s financial obligation, check out our guide to the Affidavit of Support (Form I-864).Boundless takes your green card application forms, including the Affidavit of Support, and turns them into simple questions you can answer online \u2014 typically in under two hours. \n Get started today.2019 Minimum Annual Income Requirements for Most Sponsors: 125% of Federal Poverty Guidelines Number of people in your household (including yourself and your spouse)* For sponsors in the 48 contiguous states, D.C., and U.S. territories For sponsors in Alaska For sponsors in Hawaii 2 $21,137 $26,412 $24,325 3 $26,662 $33,325 $30,675 4 $32,187 $40,237 $37,025 5 $37,712 $47,150 $43,375 6 $43,237 $54,062 $49,725 7 $48,762 $60,975 $56,075 8 $54,287 $67,887 $62,425 For each additional person, add: $5,525 $6,912 $6,350 2019 Minimum Annual Income Requirements for Military Sponsors: 100% of Federal Poverty Guidelines Number of people in your household (including yourself and your spouse)* For sponsors in the 48 contiguous states, D.C., and U.S. territories For sponsors in Alaska For sponsors in Hawaii 2 $16,910 $21,130 $19,460 3 $21,330 $26,660 $24,540 4 $25,750 $32,190 $29,620 5 $30,170 $37,720 $34,700 6 $34,590 $43,250 $39,780 7 $39,010 $48,780 $44,860 8 $43,430 $54,310 $49,940 For each additional person, add: $4,420 $5,530 $5,080 Tables last updated March 7, 2019. Source: U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS)*To calculate the number of people in your household, you must include:Yourself (sponsoring spouse) Your spouse (green card applicant) Any unmarried children under age 21 (or the age of majority where they live) Anyone else you claim as a dependent on your tax return Anyone who will be applying for a green card and arriving to the United States with your spouse Anyone else you are sponsoring on a separate Affidavit of SupportWhat sources of income can I include?In general, your annual income as a sponsoring spouse is the same figure you reported on your U.S. federal (not state) income tax return for the most recent tax filing year. This figure is typically the \u201cTotal Income\u201d line (if you filed using Form 1040 or Form 1040-A) and the \u201cAdjusted Gross Income,\u201d or AGI, line (if you filed using Form 1040-EZ). Your total annual income can include wages and salaries, retirement benefits, alimony, child support, dividends or interest earned, and income from other legal sources.Can I include income from other members of my household?If you, the sponsoring spouse, do not meet the minimum annual income requirement alone, you can also include income from other adult household members, including your siblings, parents, and children. You can only include their income, however, as long as they are willing to make this income available to help support the spouse seeking a green card. The other household member will need to complete a special form called the I-864A (officially called the \u201cContract Between Sponsor and Household Member\u201d) to establish this financial commitment.Can I include income from other people outside my household?If the sponsoring spouse\u2019s entire household does not meet the minimum annual income requirement together, there is another option:The sponsoring spouse can ask for the help of a secondary co-sponsor \u2014 commonly known as a \u201cjoint sponsor\u201d \u2014 a person who does not live in the sponsor\u2019s household and is willing to accept full financial responsibility for the spouse seeking the green card. The co-sponsor must submit their own Affidavit of Support (Form I-864) and must meet the above income requirements all on their own. In other words, the sponsoring spouse cannot combine their income or assets with those of the co-sponsor. For instance, if the sponsoring spouse and their household are required to have a combined $21,137 in annual income, then the co-sponsor (and their household) must separately have at least $21,137 of their own annual income.Although the co-sponsor need not be a family member, they must be a U.S. citizen or green card holder residing in the United States.Can I include income from the spouse seeking the green card?The spouse seeking the green card may also use their own income to meet the financial requirements, but only as long as this income will continue from the same source after the green card is obtained.With Boundless, you get an experienced independent attorney to answer your questions and review your green card application materials, including the Affidavit of Support. \n Ready to start?What if my income still isn\u2019t high enough? Can I count my assets?If your total combined household income still does not meet the meet the minimum annual income requirement, you are allowed to use your assets as a substitute for income. You may also count your other household members\u2019 assets as long as they meet the following criteria:They\u2019re related to you by birth, marriage, or adoption. They either were listed as dependents on your most recent tax return or\u00a0lived with you for the past six months.Can I count my spouse\u2019s assets? What if my spouse\u2019s assets are outside the United States?Yes, you can count the assets of the spouse seeking the green card no matter where they live \u2014 whether in the United States or abroad \u2014 and even if their assets are located outside the United States, according to the official I-864 guidelines. To use foreign assets, however, the spouse seeking a green card must meet additional criteria:Their assets must be \u201cliquid\u201d (that is, convertible into cash within one year). Your spouse must be able to move the assets from the country where they are located to the United States \u2014 and only up to the value of each asset allowed by that country. The total value of assets must equal at least five times the difference between the sponsoring spouse\u2019s income and the applicable Federal Poverty Guidelines. If, for instance, that shortfall is $5,000, you must include at least $25,000 in assets on your Affidavit of Support.What amount of assets do I need to include?Here\u2019s how to figure out how much of your assets you\u2019ll need to include on the Affidavit of Support as a substitute for income:Step 1. Find the minimum annual income required for your household size in the tables above.Step 2. Subtract your actual combined household income from your minimum required income.Step 3. Multiply the difference by 3\u00a0(if the sponsoring spouse is a U.S. citizen) or by 5\u00a0(if the sponsoring spouse is a green card holder). The result is the total value of your household\u2019s assets that you\u2019ll need to demonstrate in order to meet the financial requirements.Let\u2019s see how this works using a practical example. Say that you\u2019re a household of three people living in Minnesota, with a U.S.-citizen sponsor and a total combined household income of $20,000 per year. According to the first table above, 125% of the Federal Poverty Guidelines for your household size is $26,662 per year.Now, let\u2019s do the math:Steps 1 & 2$26,662 (min. income for household of three) \u2013 $20,000 (your actual household income) = $6,662 (shortfall)Step 3$6,662 (shortfall) x 3 (for a U.S.-citizen sponsor) = $19,986 (minimum value of assets you need to include)In this example, your household would need to show at least $19,986 in assets to qualify your spouse for a marriage-based green card.What kinds of assets can I include?In general, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) requires assets that \u201ccan be converted into cash within one year and without considerable hardship or financial loss to the owner.\u201d These can include savings accounts, certificates of deposit (CDs), mutual fund investments, individual stocks and bonds, and the like. You will need to describe the assets, prove you own them, and indicate their cost (for the portion you own).You can also include the net value of your home, which is the appraised value minus all mortgages and other amounts you still have to pay back on the home:Appraisal Value of Home \u2013 All Mortgages \u2013 All Other Outstanding Debts on Home = Net Value of HomeFinally, you can include the net value of a car, which is its market value minus any loans you owe (but only if you have another car that you\u2019re not including as an asset):Market Value of Second Vehicle \u2013 All Outstanding Auto Loans = Net Value of Second VehicleFor more information, see the USCIS version of the Federal Poverty Guidelines (Form I-864P) as well as the USCIS instructions for the Affidavit of Support (Form I-864).If this all sounds complicated, don\u2019t panic! Boundless can make this whole process easy. Learn more about \n how we help you complete the I-864 and all other required forms, or \n get started today.\n\n \n Boundless \u2014 for people who want the expertiseof an immigration lawyer, not the price tag.\n \n \n \n Check My Eligibility\n \n \n \n Learn what we do for you\n \n \n \nAdditional Marriage Visa InformationHow Long Does It Take to Get a Marriage Visa?How Much Does a Green Card Cost?What Is an Affidavit of Support?Getting a Joint Sponsor for Your Green CardRequired Visa DocumentationFamily-Based Immigrant Visas (travel.state.gov)Marriage Visa Interview Questions","excerpt":"The most common minimum annual income required to sponsor a spouse for a marriage-based green card is $21,137. This assumes that the sponsoring spouse \u2014 the U.S. citizen or current green card holder \u2014 is not in active military duty","permalink":"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/immigration-resources\/income-requirements-for-a-marriagebased-green-card\/"},{"id":115,"title":"Green card applicants with criminal records","subtitle":"I'm applying for a U.S. green card and I have a criminal record. Can I still apply?","body":"Whether you\u2019re applying for a marriage green card from inside the United States or from abroad, a large portion of the application will be dedicated to questions about your criminal history.If you don\u2019t have a criminal history, you don\u2019t have to worry. But for many applicants, the criminal history section of the green card application is stressful, as a police record of any kind could be a reason for denial.As part of the spousal visa \/ marriage-based green card process, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) will check for criminal records for both the U.S. citizen or green card holder sponsoring his or her spouse, and the spouse applying to receive a green card. This article focuses on criminal records for the spouse seeking a green card. (For more information about the potential problems if the sponsoring spouse has a criminal record, see this article.)When you apply for a green card, USCIS wants to know about every interaction you\u2019ve ever had with law enforcement, both in your home country and in the United States. The only exception is traffic violations\u2014if the only citation you\u2019ve ever received was for a minor traffic issue, you don\u2019t need to mention it. For everything else, you do.When you\u2019re filling out your green card application, it\u2019s important to be honest and provide sufficient information to USCIS. You should mention every time you were cited, arrested, or charged with a crime, even if the charges were later dismissed or if your criminal record has been expunged.Beware: Lying on an immigration form can make you ineligible for a green card\u2014even if the incident you were trying to hide would not have made you ineligible on its own!Remember, though, that not all criminal histories will make it impossible to get a green card. According to U.S. immigration law, there are three types of criminal convictions that will make you inadmissible, meaning you can\u2019t receive a green card. They are:aggravated felonies crimes involving \u201cmoral turpitude\u201d crimes involving illegal drugsEach of these categories is explained in greater detail below.Even if you do have one of these crimes in your record, it is sometimes possible to get a \u201cwaiver of inadmissibility\u201d and receive a green card. Criminal records do often complicate green card applications, but they don\u2019t necessarily lead to a denial.What counts as a \u201cconviction\u201d?Generally speaking, the definition of a \u201cconviction\u201d under U.S. immigration law is broader than the definition of conviction under U.S. criminal law.\u201cConviction\u201d in the immigration context refers to any outcome in which you were either found guilty by a court or admitted guilt through a plea bargain\u2014even if you were told there would not be a criminal conviction on your record. For example, if you were arrested on a drug charge and participated in drug treatment as part of a diversion program, you might have no criminal record in the state where it happened, but still have a \u201cdrug conviction\u201d on your record for immigration purposes.What\u2019s an \u201cAggravated Felony\u201d?Under U.S. immigration law, being convicted of an \u201caggravated felony\u201d will make you ineligible to receive a green card. While \u201caggravated felony\u201d sounds like a very serious crime, the term is slightly misleading. What constitutes an \u201caggravated felony\u201d for immigration purposes has little to do with what is considered \u201caggravated\u201d or a \u201cfelony\u201d under state or federal criminal laws.Instead, for green card seekers, \u201caggravated felonies\u201d are a specified list of crimes that the United States Congress has decided will make an immigrant inadmissible to the United States. Some crimes considered to be \u201caggravated felonies\u201d for immigration purposes might be misdemeanors\u2014or not even crimes at all\u2014under state or federal criminal law. Some examples of these \u201caggravated felonies\u201d include the following:Murder Drug trafficking Filing a false tax return Sexual abuse of a minor (this includes, for example, consensual sex between a 21-year-old and a 17-year-old)What\u2019s a \u201cCrime of Moral Turpitude\u201d?Another type of criminal conviction that could make you ineligible for a green card is for a \u201ccrime of moral turpitude.\u201d This generally refers to any crime committed with \u201cevil intent\u201d\u2014that is, an intent to defraud someone or to inflict bodily harm. This is a very subjective category, and whether a conviction is a crime of moral turpitude can depend on if USCIS and the immigration courts have previously decided that that crime is a crime of moral turpitude.Crimes of moral turpitude include the following:Murder Rape Fraud Animal abuse or fightingHowever, the following crimes are, in most circumstances, not considered crimes of moral turpitude:Joyriding Simple Assault Breaking and enteringWhat\u2019s a \u201crelevant drug crime\u201d?Any drug-related criminal conviction can make you ineligible to receive green card, even if the conviction was only for possession or for drug use. The only exception stated in the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) is if you have only one drug conviction and it was for possession of 30 grams or less of marijuana for your own personal use\u2014and even then, you would still need to apply for a waiver. All other drug crime convictions will likely make you ineligible for a green card.What about criminal convictions in another country?If you have a record of criminal convictions in a foreign country, there are two possibilities:The criminal conviction under the foreign country\u2019s laws is equivalent to an \u201caggravated felony\u201d, \u201ccrime of moral turpitude\u201d, or \u201cdrug crime\u201d under U.S. immigration law. In that case, the standards of inadmissibility (and possible waivers) are the same. The criminal conviction under the foreign country\u2019s laws is not equivalent to an \u201caggravated felony\u201d, \u201ccrime of moral turpitude\u201d, or \u201cdrug crime\u201d under U.S. immigration law. Such an argument must be made clearly and persuasively as part of the green card application, and there is no guarantee that USCIS will agree.If you\u2019re applying for a green card from inside the United States, you\u2019ll need to answer a number of questions about criminal history on Form I-485 (the \u201cApplication to Adjust Status\u201d). If you\u2019re applying for a green card through a U.S. embassy consulate from outside the United States, you\u2019ll need to answer the same questions on Form DS-260 (the \u201cImmigrant Visa Application\u201d). (Here is a general overview of both processes.)There are approximately 20 questions related to criminal history. Essentially, they ask whether or not you have any kind of criminal history, and whether or not you intend to commit any kind of crime in the future. Expect the questions to focus on issues related to drugs, human trafficking, money laundering, and prostitution.It\u2019s important to read each of these questions carefully, especially if you do have any kind of criminal history. Remember that these questions refer to your criminal history both in the United States and abroad. If you have a criminal history in your home country or in any other country, you must disclose it in the appropriate place when applying for a green card.If your answer to any of these questions is \u201cyes,\u201d you\u2019ll need to provide additional information. You should provide details about when and where you were cited, arrested, charged, or convicted, as well as the exact citation or charge and the final disposition of the case\u2014in other words, how the case was ultimately resolved.It\u2019s important to back up this information with official documents to prove that you are accurately describing your criminal record. This could include a statement from the police department where you were arrested or cited, copies of any charges made against you, discharge or expungement records, and records showing the final disposition of your case. An arrest or even a charge (that was ultimately dismissed) will not make you ineligible for a green card. However, it is very important to be candid about all arrests or charges in your past to avoid being found ineligible for a green card based on lying to the government.In some cases, you can apply for a \u201cwaiver of inadmissibility\u201d to excuse your criminal history, as long as you can show that your admission to the United States would not endanger anyone, and that your U.S. citizen or green card holder spouse would experience \u201cextreme hardship\u201d if you are not allowed to live in the United States.There are some crimes that cannot be excused with a waiver. There are no waivers for drug convictions, unless the only drug conviction is for simple possession of less than 30 grams of marijuana for personal use (see above). Waivers are also strictly impossible if you have been convicted of murder or torture.If you\u2019re applying for a green card from inside the United States, you can file your waiver request either with your green card application, while you\u2019re waiting for your green card application to be processed, or at your green card interview. The most expeditious option is to file your waiver request with your green card application, so the request can be processed at the same time as your green card application. If you\u2019re applying for a green card from outside the United States, you must apply for a waiver during your green card interview at the U.S. embassy or consulate.While a criminal record does complicate your green card application, it may not necessarily lead to a denial. Preparing a thorough and accurate green card application is all the more essential if you have a criminal history. If you have any doubts about how your criminal record could affect your green card application, you should contact an attorney or government-approved nonprofit. (See our immigration resources page for details.)\n\n \n Boundless \u2014 for people who want the expertiseof an immigration lawyer, not the price tag.\n \n \n \n Check My Eligibility\n \n \n \n Learn what we do for you\n \n \n \nRelated InformationMarriage Green Cards, ExplainedHow is a Fianc\u00e9 Visa Different from a Marriage-Based Green Card?How Long Does It Take to Get a Marriage Green Card in the U.S.?What Are The Costs of a Marriage-Based Green Card?What Documents Do I Need for a Marriage-Based Green Card?What is an Affidavit of Support?Preparing for the Green Card Interview","excerpt":"Whether you\u2019re applying for a marriage green card from inside the United States or from abroad, a large portion of the application will be dedicated to questions about your criminal history.If you don\u2019t have a criminal history, you don\u2019t have","permalink":"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/immigration-resources\/green-card-applicants-with-criminal-records\/"},{"id":116,"title":"Green Card Sponsors with Criminal Records","subtitle":"I\u2019m a U.S. citizen and I have a criminal record. Am I allowed to sponsor my spouse for a green card?","body":"What would disqualify a green card sponsor?As part of the process of reviewing a marriage green card application, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) conducts background and security checks on both the U.S. citizen sponsor and the spouse seeking a green card. This article focuses only on the eligibility of the U.S. citizen sponsor. (For more about the impact of a criminal record on the spouse seeking a green card, click here.)Under U.S. immigration law, only convictions for certain \u201coffenses against a minor\u201d will automatically disqualify a U.S. citizen from sponsoring a spouse for a green card. These specific offenses as listed in the Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act (technically now part of the Immigration and Nationality Act, Section 204(a)(l)(A)(viii), quoted here) are:An offense (unless committed by a parent or guardian) involving kidnapping. An offense (unless committed by a parent or guardian) involving false imprisonment. Solicitation [of a minor] to engage in sexual conduct. Use [of a minor] in a sexual performance. Solicitation to practice prostitution. Video voyeurism as described in section 1801 of title 18, United States Code. Possession, production, or distribution of child pornography. Criminal sexual conduct involving a minor or the use of the internet to facilitate or attempt such conduct. Any conduct that by its nature is a sex offense against a minor.If the U.S. citizen does not have a conviction for any of the offenses listed above, then the sponsor is not automatically disqualified from filing a green card application for his or her spouse.Other considerations with past convictionsIt\u2019s generally worth keeping in mind, however, that USCIS may choose to reveal any of the U.S. citizen\u2019s prior convictions (not just those listed above) to the spouse seeking a green card.USCIS may also ask for more information about prior convictions, even if they are not for one of the offenses listed above. USCIS has the discretion to disqualify a U.S. citizen sponsor if there is sufficient evidence that the U.S. citizen sponsor poses a risk to the safety of the spouse seeking a green card.\n\n \n Boundless \u2014 for people who want the expertiseof an immigration lawyer, not the price tag.\n \n \n \n Check My Eligibility\n \n \n \n Learn what we do for you\n \n \n \nRelated informationMarriage Green Cards, ExplainedHow is a Fianc\u00e9 Visa Different from a Marriage-Based Green Card?How Long Does It Take to Get a Marriage Green Card in the U.S.?What Are The Costs of a Marriage-Based Green Card?What Documents Do I Need for a Marriage-Based Green Card?What is an Affidavit of Support?Preparing for the Green Card Interview","excerpt":"What would disqualify a green card sponsor?As part of the process of reviewing a marriage green card application, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) conducts background and security checks on both the U.S. citizen sponsor and the spouse seeking a","permalink":"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/immigration-resources\/green-card-sponsors-with-criminal-records\/"},{"id":117,"title":"Green Cards and Prior Immigration Violations","subtitle":"How do overstays, unlawful presence, and illegal entry affect your marriage green card application?","body":"When processing green card applications, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is very strict about any past violations of U.S. immigration laws.You may experience serious problems obtaining a green card if you\u2019ve ever overstayed a visa (or stayed longer than 90 days after entering under the Visa Waiver Program), if you\u2019ve ever been in the United States without legal immigration status, or if you\u2019ve ever entered the United States illegally.If you\u2019ve been in the United States without legal immigration status, you could be forbidden from applying for a green card from within the United States and\/or barred from re-entering the United States if you leave. The length of time you would be required to remain outside of the United States depends on how long you had no legal immigration status.If you\u2019re in this situation, you might be able to apply for a \u201cwaiver of inadmissibility.\u201d Waivers require proving that your spouse would experience extreme hardship if you were not allowed to be in the United States together. Obtaining a waiver is not easy, but it\u2019s not impossible either, and it\u2019s important to present a compelling argument.Understanding the TermsThere are three major categories of immigration violations that can cause problems when you apply for a green card:An overstay is when you entered the United States with a visa (or through the Visa Waiver Program), but you stayed longer than you were allowed to. (The Visa Waiver Program allows citizens of some countries to visit the United States without a visa for up to 90 days.) If you overstay your visa, you start to accrue unlawful presence. Unlawful presence means that you are in the United States but you don\u2019t have any immigration status. This is sometimes called being in the United States \u201cillegally\u201d or being \u201cundocumented.\u201d Entering the United States without going through inspection is considered illegal entry. \u201cInspection,\u201d in the immigration context, means that a Customs and Border Patrol (CBP) officer checked your passport and allowed you to enter the United States.If you enter the United States with a valid visa (for example, a tourist or student visa) and overstay by less than 180 days, your visa will be considered void and you\u2019ll need to get a new visa in your home country if you want to come back to the United States.In this scenario, you are still eligible to come back to the United States at any time, as long as you get the required visa to do so. However, obtaining a new visa after overstaying on a previous visit will be more challenging\u2014because you\u2019ll need to prove to the consular officer that you will not overstay your visa again.If you enter the United States using the Visa Waiver Program and stay for longer than 90 days, you won\u2019t be eligible to use the Visa Waiver Program in the future, even though you\u2019re from one of the eligible countries. If you wanted to return to the United States, you would need to apply for a visa at the local U.S. embassy or consulate.If you have more than 180 days of unlawful presence, meaning you overstayed your visa by 181 days or more, you will be barred from returning to the United States for a certain amount of time. If you were unlawfully present for between 180 and 365 days, you will be barred from entering the United States for three years. If you were unlawfully present in the United States for over a year, you\u2019ll be barred from returning for 10 years. (These are often called the \u201cthree- and ten-year bars\u201d or just the \u201cre-entry bars.\u201d)However, if you overstayed after entering the United States with a valid visa or under the Visa Waiver Program, then as long as you are married to a U.S. citizen, you can still apply for a marriage-based green card without leaving the United States. (For more information on this process, see Start to Finish: Green Cards for Spouses of U.S. Citizens Living in the United States.)Traveling out of the country after overstaying previous visaSpouses of U.S. citizens are one of the only categories of immigrants who are allowed to apply for (and receive) a green card without leaving the United States, even if they do not currently have a legal immigration status. They must have entered the United States legally, however.If you are in this category, and want to travel outside the United States while your green card application is being processed, you may apply for a travel permit (officially called an Advance Parole Travel Document), and you won\u2019t be subject to the re-entry bars for unlawful presence even if you would otherwise have been unable to re-enter the United States. It\u2019s extremely important to understand, however, that this policy (based on a 2012 decision of the Board of Immigration Appeals) is not uniformly applied around the country and could change at any time (including when you happen to be out of the United States).If you\u2019ve been in the United States without legal status, it\u2019s safest to wait until you\u2019ve received your green card before traveling outside the United States.The consequences of illegal entry are more complicated. If you entered the United States illegally (as opposed to overstaying), you cannot apply for a green card from inside the United States. But it can be perilous to leave the United States to apply for a green card from abroad\u2014as described above, if you have more than 180 days of unlawful presence, this will trigger a re-entry bar of 3 or 10 years.If, however, you entered the United States illegally but then left before staying 180 days, you would not face a re-entry bar and could apply for a green card through the U.S. embassy or consulate in your home country.It\u2019s also important to understand that if you were deported from the United States and then re-entered illegally, you would be barred from entering the United States for life.As described above, if you entered the United States illegally and have more than 180 days of unlawful presence, you will need to leave the United States to apply for a green card at a U.S. embassy or consulate. In order to avoid the three- and ten-year re-entry bars, you\u2019ll need to apply for a \u201cwaiver of inadmissibility\u201d to return to the United States.To qualify for a waiver, you will have to show that your \u201cqualifying relative\u201d will experience \u201cextreme hardship\u201d if you are not allowed to live in the United States. For this particular type of waiver\u2014called an \u201cunlawful presence waiver\u201d\u2014a qualifying relative can be a spouse or a parent who is either a U.S. citizen or U.S. green card holder. (You can include information about how the hardship faced by your children would impact your spouse, but children by themselves are not considered qualifying relatives for unlawful presence waivers.)When preparing your waiver application, you have to make the case that the hardship your spouse would experience is \u201cextreme.\u201d There has to be a strong reason that you and your spouse can\u2019t live together in your home country, as well as a compelling argument that your spouse will suffer if you aren\u2019t allowed to live in the United States.In the past, you would have had to leave the United States first and apply for a waiver at the U.S. embassy or consulate at the same time you applied for a green card. Today, however, you can apply for a \u201cprovisional waiver\u201d before you leave the United States. This both shortens the amount of time that you have to spend outside of the United States and gives you some measure of confidence that your waiver will be approved.USCIS policy regarding waivers has changed substantially in recent years. Before August 2016, you had to be the spouse of a U.S. citizen to get a provisional waiver before leaving the United States, but now spouses of green card holders are treated the same as spouses of U.S. citizens. In addition, waivers were previously only available for people applying for a marriage-based green card, but now anyone applying for a green card can apply for a provisional waiver. This expansion in the number of people eligible for provisional unlawful presence waivers has increased the length of time it takes for USCIS to process them, to as long as 8 months. Make sure you have the latest information from USCIS about provisional waiver eligibility.Overstaying your visa, remaining in the United States without immigration status, and entering the United States illegally can complicate your marriage-based green card application. As described above, however, past immigration violations may not necessarily prevent you from getting a marriage-based green card.\n\n \n Boundless \u2014 for people who want the expertiseof an immigration lawyer, not the price tag.\n \n \n \n Check My Eligibility\n \n \n \n Learn what we do for you\n \n \n \nRelated InformationMarriage Green Cards, ExplainedHow is a Fianc\u00e9 Visa Different from a Marriage-Based Green Card?How Long Does It Take to Get a Marriage Green Card in the U.S.?What Are The Costs of a Marriage-Based Green Card?What Documents Do I Need for a Marriage-Based Green Card?What is an Affidavit of Support?Preparing for the Green Card Interview","excerpt":"When processing green card applications, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is very strict about any past violations of U.S. immigration laws.You may experience serious problems obtaining a green card if you\u2019ve ever overstayed a visa (or stayed longer than","permalink":"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/immigration-resources\/green-cards-and-prior-immigration-violations\/"},{"id":118,"title":"Form I-130, Explained","subtitle":"What is a \"Petition for Alien Relative\"?","body":"Form I-130 (officially called the \u201cPetition for Alien Relative\u201d) establishes that a valid family relationship exists between a U.S. citizen or green card holder and a person seeking a green card. This form is often simply referred to as the \u201cI-130 petition.\u201dFiling the I-130 petition with U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), which is part of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS), is the first step in the family-based green card process.In the context of a marriage visa, the I-130 petition is filed to prove that your marriage is legally valid (based on a marriage certificate). This is also the phase of the marriage-based green card process in which you submit documents (for example, joint bank account statements, joint insurance documents, and photos together) to prove that your marriage is \u201cauthentic\u201d \u2014 that is, it isn\u2019t based on fraud.Filing the I-130 petition also establishes your place in line for an available green card. Unless you\u2019re the spouse, parent, or unmarried child (under age 21) of a U.S. citizen (who get to skip the line entirely), your place in line is determined by your \u201cpriority date,\u201d which is simply the date that USCIS received your I-130 petition. Typically, petitions are processed in the order they are filed. Check out the Visa Bulletin to learn more about the current wait times for specific green card categories.For a flat rate of $750, Boundless helps you complete your entire marriage-based green card (spousal visa) application \u2014 including all required forms and supporting documents, independent attorney review, and support \u2014 from the moment your application is filed until you receive your green card. \n Learn more, or \n start your application.Who can file Form I-130?U.S. citizens can file I-130 petitions for their spouses, children, parents, and siblings. Current green card holders can file I-130 petitions for their spouses and unmarried children.The U.S. citizen or green card holder who files the I-130 petition is officially called the \u201cpetitioner\u201d or \u201csponsor.\u201d The person seeking a green card is officially known as the \u201cbeneficiary.\u201dWho cannot file Form I-130?There are some eligibility exclusions that prevent the filing of an I-130 petition, even when the above family relationships exist. You cannot file an I-130 in order to sponsor any of the following relatives:A grandparent, grandchild, nephew, niece, uncle, aunt, cousin, or parent-in-law An adoptive parent or adopted child, if the child was adopted after he or she turned 16 years old A biological parent, if you became a green card holder or obtained U.S. citizenship through adoption A stepparent or stepchild, if the marriage that created the step relationship happened after the child turned 18 years old A spouse, if you and your spouse were not both physically present at the marriage ceremony A spouse, if you became a green card holder through a prior marriage to a U.S. citizen or green card holder \u2014 unless you are now a naturalized U.S. citizen or have been a green card holder for at least five years A spouse, if you married your spouse while he or she was part of any immigration court proceedings (a hearing in an immigration court for someone facing deportation, or, more formally, \u201cremoval\u201d) Any relative, if USCIS has determined that this person married, or attempted to marry, purely for immigration purposesIt\u2019s important to know that there are exceptions to some of the above exclusions and that you may be able to file an I-130 petition with additional supporting documentation in those situations.Did you recently marry a U.S. citizen or green card holder? Boundless makes it easy to complete your green card application and avoid common problems. Learn more about \n how Boundless can help you, or \n get started today.How much does it cost to file an I-130 petition?The government filing fee for an I-130 petition is currently $535. (Boundless has a detailed guide on the full costs of a marriage-based green card.)How long does the I-130 petition process take?The processing time for your I-130 petition will depend on the family relationship and the USCIS field office that receives your form. For marriage-based green cards, the USCIS I-130 processing times will vary between\u00a07 and\u00a015 months, depending on whether the sponsoring spouse is a U.S. citizen or green card holder and whether the spouse seeking a green card lives in the United States or abroad. (Boundless has a detailed guide on the timeline of the marriage-based green card process.)Where should I send my I-130 form?Where you must send your I-130 petition depends on where you live and whether you\u2019re filing just an I-130 (officially called a \u201cstandalone\u201d I-130) or filing an I-130 with an I-485 green card application, or \u201cApplication to Register Permanent Residence or Adjust Status,\u201d at the same time (officially called a \u201cconcurrent filing\u201d). (See this USCIS chart for the appropriate mailing address to send your I-130 petition.)With Boundless, you don\u2019t have to worry about remembering form numbers or which specific forms you need for your situation. You simply answer a series of questions online \u2014 typically within just a couple of hours, compared with days or weeks the traditional way \u2014 and the completed forms arrive at your doorstep. \n Get started now, or\n learn more about our services.The I-130 petition must be filed with supporting documents to prove that the sponsor is allowed to file an I-130 and that they have a valid family relationship with the person seeking a green card.The required supporting documents for an I-130 petition typically include:Proof that the sponsor is a U.S. citizen or green card holder Proof that a legally valid relationship exists Proof that the relationship is not fraudulent Proof of name changes for the sponsor and\/or the person seeking a green card, if any Proof of nationality of the person seeking a green cardSupporting documents required for a marriage-based green card include, for instance, a copy of the sponsor\u2019s U.S. birth certificate to prove that they\u2019re a U.S. citizen, photos of the couple over the course of their relationship, and joint bank account statements to demonstrate that they\u2019ve combined their finances. (See this complete list of I-130 supporting documents for a marriage green card, including guidance on locating the paperwork.)Boundless can help you obtain a marriage-based green card with minimal hassle. We print out all of your forms and documents, assembled precisely how the government prefers. We mail the whole package to your doorstep, ready for you to sign and send to the correct government address. We even provide the envelope and cover the shipping fee. \n Ready to start?If a required document is not available, you must submit alternative documents (officially called \u201csecondary evidence\u201d) so that USCIS can make a decision on your I-130 petition. (Boundless has a detailed guide to obtaining hard-to-find documents and on providing secondary evidence.)For example, if your birth certificate is not available, you can first obtain a statement from the issuing government agency in your home country certifying that your birth certificate is not available from that agency. Otherwise, you\u2019ll need to obtain other records (for example, a baptismal certificate or school records) showing the facts of your birth or written statements from relatives who can attest to those facts.With Boundless, you get the confidence of an independent immigration attorney who will review all of your application materials and answer any questions you have \u2014 for no additional fee. \n Start your application, or \n learn more about what you get with Boundless.\n\n \n Boundless \u2014 for people who want the expertiseof an immigration lawyer, not the price tag.\n \n \n \n Check My Eligibility\n \n \n \n Learn what we do for you\n \n \n \nCommon marriage-based immigration formsWork Permit (Form I-765)Affidavit of Support (Form I-864)Online Immigrant Visa Application (Form DS-260)Online Choice of Address and Agent (Form DS-261)Supplemental Information (Form I-130A)Application for \u201cAdjustment of Status\u201d (Form I-485)Electronic Notification (Form G-1145)\u201cAdvance Parole\u201d Travel Document (Form I-131)","excerpt":"Form I-130 (officially called the \u201cPetition for Alien Relative\u201d) establishes that a valid family relationship exists between a U.S. citizen or green card holder and a person seeking a green card. This form is often simply referred to as the","permalink":"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/immigration-resources\/form-i-130-explained\/"},{"id":119,"title":"Form I-130A, Explained","subtitle":"What is the Supplemental Information form, and who needs to complete it?","body":"Form I-130A (officially called the \u201cSupplemental Information for Spouse Beneficiary\u201d) is a document used by U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) to gather additional background information about a spouse seeking a marriage-based green card. The form focuses on the past five years of their residential and employment history, as well as details about their parents.Download Form I-130A (PDF) directly from USCIS, or fill it out the easy way through Boundless. \n Try it now!The I-130A form \u2014 note the suffix, \u201cA,\u201d in its name \u2014 must be filed with the family sponsorship form (Form I-130, officially called the \u201cPetition for Alien Relative\u201d), the document it supplements, in a marriage-based green card application.In this guide, we\u2019ll explain everything you need to know about Form I-130A, such as who needs to complete it, how much it costs, and where to send it. Boundless also has detailed guides on completing the address and work history sections of the green card application.Filing your I-130A form with your family sponsorship form is only the first step of the marriage-based green card process. Depending on your situation, it could be\u00a010\u201338 months before your green card is approved. Boundless makes it easy to complete your green card application by turning all the government requirements into simple questions you can answer online. We\u2019ll also help you stay on top of interview preparation, follow-on forms, and every other important milestone along the green card process. \n Learn more, or \n start your application today.Who needs to fill out the I-130A?The spouse seeking a marriage-based green card must complete the I-130A form and include it with their\u00a0family sponsorship form. If they live in the United States, they must sign the I-130A. If they live abroad, they must still complete and file the I-130A, but they aren\u2019t required to sign it because the sponsoring spouse (the U.S. citizen or current green card holder) would be the one to send the form to USCIS.Who doesn\u2019t need to complete the I-130A?Since the I-130A form is required specifically for the marriage-based green card, it\u2019s not necessary for those filing a family sponsorship form for other kinds of relatives, such as children and parents.Not sure if you\u2019re eligible for a marriage-based green card? You can \n check your eligibility through Boundless without providing any personal information. When you\u2019re ready to apply, Boundless can guide you through every milestone of the marriage-based green card process, starting with your I-130 and I-130A all the way to the finish line. \n Learn more, or \n start your application now.How much does it cost to file Form I-130A?There is no cost to file the I-130A. It only supplements the\u00a0family sponsorship form, which already has a fee associated with it.How long does it take to process Form I-130A?The I-130A processing time will be the same as that for the\u00a0family sponsorship form because these forms will be filed together. There is no additional or separate processing time for the I-130A. (Boundless has a detailed guide on the timeline of the entire\u00a0marriage-based green card process.)What supporting documents are required for Form I-130A?The supporting documents required for the I-130A are the same as those required for the family sponsorship form. You do not need to provide duplicates of those documents because they are part of the same application package.How and where should I submit my I-130A form?The I-130A is filed with the\u00a0family sponsorship form in a single application package, which is sent to one address. That address depends on where you live and whether you\u2019re filing just a family sponsorship form (officially called a \u201cstandalone\u201d I-130) or a family sponsorship form with a green card application, or Form I-485 (officially called a \u201cconcurrent filing\u201d). USCIS provides a chart listing the appropriate address for each scenario.Boundless prints out all your forms and documents, assembled precisely how the government prefers. We mail the whole package to your doorstep, ready for you to sign and send to the correct government address. We even provide the envelope and cover the shipping fee. \n Ready to start?According to the official I-130A instructions, you must provide a complete address and employment history for the past five years \u2014 without any gaps. That can be challenging for people who haven\u2019t kept perfect records of their previous addresses and jobs (most people don\u2019t), especially when they cover a period of five years. You\u2019re lucky if you\u2019ve lived and worked in the same place that whole time.Fortunately, there are ways to track down these records. Boundless has detailed guides on completing both your residential history and your employment history, with helpful tips for finding this information from various sources and dealing with incomplete records.The I-130A isn\u2019t a lengthy form (only six pages). It is, however, a necessary part of any\u00a0marriage-based green card application, so it\u2019s important to make sure that all the information you enter in the I-130A is accurate.For the flat rate of $750, Boundless helps you complete your entire marriage-based green card (spousal visa) application, including all required forms and supporting documents, independent attorney review, and support from the moment your application is filed until you receive your green card. \n Find out more, or \n get started today.\n\n \n Boundless \u2014 for people who want the expertiseof an immigration lawyer, not the price tag.\n \n \n \n Check My Eligibility\n \n \n \n Learn what we do for you\n \n \n \nOTHER Common marriage-based immigration formsWork Permit (Form I-765)Affidavit of Support (Form I-864)Online Immigrant Visa Application (Form DS-260)Online Choice of Address and Agent (Form DS-261)Family Sponsorship Petition (Form I-130)Application for \u201cAdjustment of Status\u201d (Form I-485)Electronic Notification (Form G-1145)\u201cAdvance Parole\u201d Travel Document (Form I-131)","excerpt":"Form I-130A (officially called the \u201cSupplemental Information for Spouse Beneficiary\u201d) is a document used by U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) to gather additional background information about a spouse seeking a marriage-based green card. The form focuses on the past","permalink":"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/immigration-resources\/form-i-130a-explained\/"},{"id":120,"title":"Why Would My Green Card Application Be Denied?","subtitle":"Top reasons marriage green cards are denied","body":"Even if your marriage green card application is straightforward and free of red flags, the high stakes make a lot of applicants anxious. If you\u2019re unable to sleep at night, envisioning all of the reasons why your application might be denied, remember that U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) has the same goal as you and your spouse: Ensuring that eligible couples with genuine marriages are able to live together in the United States.Marriage-based green card applications have a relatively high approval rate, but that doesn\u2019t mean that they are never denied. Here are some of the most common problems that marriage-based green card applications run into, and how you can avoid them.Failing to establish a valid and authentic marriageThe most essential part of your green card application is proving that you and your spouse have a legally recognized marriage and that your relationship is authentic. This marital relationship is the foundation of your eligibility for a green card.The first step is proving that you have a valid, legally recognized marriage. In the simplest of cases, USCIS needs to see a copy of your marriage certificate. There are a number of ways that this can become more complicated, however. Your marriage must be valid and legally recognized in the place where you were married, and you have to prove that any previous marriages ended before your current marriage started, by including either divorce certificates or death certificates for any prior spouses.Here are some examples of how you might run into trouble proving that your marriage is legally valid:One spouse\u2019s divorce didn\u2019t become final until after you were married. You are a same-sex couple and got married in a country that does not officially recognize same-sex marriages. Your marriage wasn\u2019t legally recognized in the country where you got married for other reasons, such as a prohibition against interfaith marriages.The second part of establishing your marital relationship is proving that your marriage is authentic, rather than a marriage made solely for the purpose of getting a green card. You and your spouse must provide evidence of your relationship and your life together, such as financial documents, photos from trips together, and birth certificates of your children, if you have any, to prove the authenticity of your marriage. Check out our article for more information on proving your marriage is real.Mistakes on the green card application packageSimple errors are a common reason that green card applications get denied. It\u2019s important to carefully review all of your application materials before sending them to USCIS. The most common errors include:Failure to provide translations.\u00a0Any documents in a non-English language, including birth certificates and marriage certificates, must be translated, word-for-word, into English. You need to include both the translation and the non-English version in your application package, and the translations have to be certified. That simply means that the translator must certify in writing that he or she has translated the document accurately. The certification should include the translator\u2019s name, address, and signature, as well as the date the translation was completed. Missing information in the forms.\u00a0Make sure you fill out the green card application forms completely, and write \u201cN\/A\u201d (meaning \u201cnot applicable\u201d) if a question doesn\u2019t apply to you and your spouse. Problems with the photos.\u00a0The green card application package requires passport-style photos. You will be able to take these photos at most drug stores. However, you should make sure they meet government requirements. Insufficient fees.\u00a0Required filing fees for a marriage-based green card vary by situation, ranging from a total of $1,200 to $1,760. You can check the current list of all USCIS fees here. Missing signatures.\u00a0Make sure that both you and your spouse have signed on all of the required signature lines. Only an original (\u201cwet ink\u201d) signature will be accepted by USCIS.Insufficient financial resourcesAs part of the marriage-based green card process, the U.S. citizen or green card holder sponsoring his or her spouse must prove that he or she has enough financial resources to support the spouse. USCIS generally requires that sponsoring spouse earn at least 125% of the Federal Poverty Level in order for his or her spouse to qualify for a green card. This is usually established by providing copies of the sponsoring spouse\u2019s federal income tax returns and\/or recent pay stubs.There are alternatives for demonstrating sufficient financial resources, including income from the sponsoring spouse\u2019s household members, assets in place of income, or financial co-sponsorship by a family member or friend. Check out our article for more details on these income requirements for a marriage-based green card.Not eligible to apply for a green card from inside the United StatesJust being married to a U.S. citizen or green card holder does not always mean that you are eligible to apply for a green card from within the United States.If you entered the United States as a tourist (either on a tourist visa or under the Visa Waiver Program) and applied for a green card less than 60 days after arriving in the United States, your application might be denied unless you can prove that you didn\u2019t intend to apply for a green card when you entered the United States. (For more, see our detailed article on traveling to visit a spouse.) If you entered the United States illegally, you aren\u2019t eligible to apply for a green card from inside the United States. If you are in this situation, you would need to apply for a \u201cprovisional unlawful presence waiver\u201d and then apply for a green card at the U.S. embassy or consulate in your home country. (For more, see our detailed article on green cards and prior immigration violations.) If you entered the United States on a J-1 exchange visitor visa, you may be required to spend two years in your home country after your time in J-1 status\u2014unless you obtain a waiver of this residency requirement. If you entered the United States on C-1\/D \u201ccrewman visa,\u201d you are ineligible to apply for a green card from within the United States. If you are currently in removal proceedings, you are ineligible to apply for a green card from within the United States. If you originally entered the United States on a\u00a0K-1 fianc\u00e9(e) visa sponsored by a different partner, but did not marry that person, you generally won\u2019t be able to apply for a marriage green card.Not eligible, periodThere are some situations that can make you or your spouse categorically ineligible to obtain a green card. These situations include:Certain criminal records.\u00a0Some (but not all) types of criminal records could make you or your spouse ineligible to apply for a green card. The rules are different for green card sponsors and green card seekers. Certain medical issues.\u00a0If the spouse seeking a green card has a communicable disease, a mental illness, or a history of drug abuse, he or she could be ineligible for a green card. For more details, see our article about the green card medical exam. Lies and misrepresentations.\u00a0Any kind of misrepresentation or dishonesty to immigration officials is considered fraud, and will prevent you from getting a green card.Even for someone who is otherwise ineligible for a marriage-based green card due to a criminal record, a medical issue, or prior immigration fraud, it may be possible to qualify for a \u201cwaiver of inadmissibility.\u201d Typically, USCIS will only grant such a waiver when presented with proof that a U.S. citizen or green card holder spouse would suffer \u201cextreme hardship\u201d if his or her spouse could not live in the United States.Not sure if you qualify for a marriage-based green card? You can \n check your eligibility through Boundless without providing any personal or financial information. When you\u2019re ready to apply, Boundless can guide you through every milestone of the marriage-based green card process, starting with your Form I-130 all the way to the finish line. \n Learn more, or \n get started today.Many potential reasons for denial can be avoided with proper preparation. It\u2019s always better to know ahead of time what problems your green card application might face, so that you can address them from the start.Preventative measures could include filing a waiver request, finding a financial co-sponsor, or getting married again if there are legal issues with your initial marriage.Thorough preparation can make the difference between a smooth green card application process and a denial that threatens your plans to live together in the United States.With Boundless, you get the confidence of an independent immigration attorney who will review all of your application materials and answer any questions you have \u2014 for no additional fee. Learn more about \n what you get with Boundless, or \n check your eligibility for free.\n\n \n Boundless \u2014 for people who want the expertiseof an immigration lawyer, not the price tag.\n \n \n \n Check My Eligibility\n \n \n \n Learn what we do for you\n \n \n \nRelated InformationGreen Card Sponsors with Criminal RecordsGreen Card Applicants with Criminal RecordsWhat is a Request for Evidence (RFE) and What Should I Do?DACA Recipients and Marriage Green CardsOverstays, Unlawful Presence, and Illegal EntrySponsoring an Undocumented SpouseSame-Sex Relationships and Marriage-Based Green CardsAvoiding Immigration ScamsThe Diversity Visa LotteryGovernment Monitoring of Immigrants\u2019 Social Media","excerpt":"Even if your marriage green card application is straightforward and free of red flags, the high stakes make a lot of applicants anxious. If you\u2019re unable to sleep at night, envisioning all of the reasons why your application might be","permalink":"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/immigration-resources\/why-would-my-green-card-application-be-denied\/"},{"id":122,"title":"Avoiding Immigration Pitfalls","subtitle":"How Boundless can help you navigate the immigration system with confidence","body":"We\u2019ve got good news and bad newsThe bad news is, the immigration system is complicated and full of potential traps and roadblocks. (For more details, take a deep breath and read this lengthy list of things that could go wrong.) The good news is, Boundless will help you avoid such errors and maximize the chance of success for your marriage green card application. We help you avoid immigration pitfalls by:Guiding you through each step toward completing your green card application package Making sure that your application package is reviewed by an independent attorney Mailing you the entire printed package with clear instructions on how to sign and submit it Sending you timely updates and reminders from the moment you send off your completed package to the moment you receive your green cardAll of this costs only $750 (plus government filing fees)\u2014there are no hidden charges. Let\u2019s take a closer look at the many common pitfalls and worries that Boundless will help you avoid.Are we eligible for a marriage-based green card?Do we have enough money to satisfy the income requirements? Will we have an issue with prior immigration violations or criminal records? Boundless helps demystify these issues and understand your options\u2014and if you have any remaining questions, you can ask the independent immigration attorney.Did we make a mistake on our application forms?There are so many forms\u2014did we fill out the right ones? Did we provide the right information? Did we forget to fill in a box somewhere? Boundless translates the government\u2019s complicated forms and instructions into a clear series of questions, so you know exactly what information is necessary to provide. Our technology is designed to catch accidental errors\u2014and the independent attorney review provides an extra failsafe.Did we make a mistake in the supporting documents?There are so many required documents\u2014did we include everything? How do we prove that our marriage is real? Did we provide the proper translations for everything that isn\u2019t in English? With Boundless, you don\u2019t have to photocopy or print out your supporting documents, or worry about how to arrange them. We\u2019ll tell you what\u2019s required, and then all you have to do is scan or snap a picture of the document and upload it to your secure online account.Did we mess up the filing process?The application package has so many different parts\u2014did we miss anything? Did we write out the check for government fees properly, and is it for the right amount? Did we sign every form that needs a signature? Are we even sending this package to the right address? Boundless prints out the whole green card application just for you\u2014including all required forms and supporting documents\u2014and mails it to you in a beautiful package that meets the government\u2019s precise preferences. (We got a two-hole puncher so you don\u2019t have to!) This package comes with clear instructions, so you\u2019ll know exactly where to sign and what extra items are required. We also include an envelope that\u2019s already stamped and addressed to just the right destination at U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), so all you have to do is drop by the local post office and send off your application package.Are we doing anything wrong while we wait?Now that we\u2019ve submitted the green card application package and know how long we have to wait, are we missing any important deadlines? Is the lack of updates from the government normal or should we be worried? Long after you\u2019ve submitted your green card application package, Boundless sticks with you\u2014helping you stay on top of the fingerprint appointment, interview preparation, any required follow-on forms, and every other important milestone along the way. We want to celebrate with you at the moment you receive your green card.\n\n \n Boundless \u2014 for people who want the expertiseof an immigration lawyer, not the price tag.\n \n \n \n Check My Eligibility\n \n \n \n Learn what we do for you\n \n \n \nRelated InformationAvoid These Immigration ScamsMarriage Green Cards, ExplainedHow Long Does It Take to Get a Marriage Visa (green card)?How Much Does it Cost to Get a Green Card?What Documents Do I Need for a Marriage-Based Green Card?","excerpt":"We\u2019ve got good news and bad newsThe bad news is, the immigration system is complicated and full of potential traps and roadblocks. (For more details, take a deep breath and read this lengthy list of things that could go wrong.)","permalink":"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/immigration-resources\/avoiding-immigration-pitfalls\/"},{"id":123,"title":"Form I-485, Explained","subtitle":"When to use the \"Adjustment of Status\" form in the green card process","body":"What is USCIS Form I-485 (Adjustment of Status)?The next step in the family-based green card process after submitting\u00a0Form I-130 (Petition for Alien Relative) is to submit Form I-485 (Application for Adjustment of Status). In the context of a marriage green card\u00a0(spouse visa), the main purpose of the I-485 is to prove that the foreign spouse is eligible for U.S. permanent residency. The spouse, whose signature is on the I-485, is called the \u201capplicant.\u201dWhen the foreign husband or wife is present in the United States, it is often possible to file the I-130 and the I-485 at the same time (a process known as \u201cconcurrent filing\u201d).Do you qualify for a marriage-based green card? You can \n check your eligibility through Boundless without providing any personal or financial information. When you\u2019re ready to apply, Boundless can guide you through every milestone of the marriage-based green card process, including your Form I-485 all the way to the finish line. \n Learn more, or \n get started today.Who can file Form I-485?An applicant (husband or wife getting their green card) can file an I-485 based on seven major categories (as listed on the form):\u00a0family-based, employment-based, special immigrant, asylum or refugee, human trafficking victim or crime victim, special programs, and additional options. The I-485 further divides these seven categories into 27 sub-categories for clarity.For purposes of a marriage-based green card,\u00a0only a foreign spouse who is physically present in the United States can file an I-485 to apply for a green card. The spouse must have entered the United States on a valid visa. In addition, an immigrant visa must be \u201cimmediately available\u201d for the spouse. This means that Form I-130 must already have been approved (as in the case of the spouse of a green card holder) or the I-130 and the I-485 forms must be concurrently filed (as in the case of the spouse of a U.S. citizen).Who Cannot File Form I-485?First, spouses who are not physically present in the United States cannot file the I-485. Second, even\u00a0when the spouse is physically present in the United States, there are some eligibility exclusions that prevent the filing of an I-485 application.You typically cannot file an I-485 if:You entered the United States as a crewman; You entered the United States for transit purposes (i.e. on your way to another country); You were admitted to the United States as a witness or informant;\u00a0or You are \u201cdeportable\u201d because you were involved in terrorist activity or involved with a terrorist group.In addition to the above eligibility exclusions, there are \u201cinadmissibility\u201d grounds that may prevent you from filing an I-485. This means that you are disqualified from receiving a green card based on certain factors specific to you. These disqualifying categories include:Health-related grounds (you have a disqualifying communicable disease or mental health condition) Criminal grounds (you were convicted of certain specific crimes) Security grounds (you are a threat to the national security of the United States) Violations of immigration law or procedure (you\u2019ve previously broken U.S. immigration laws) Public charge grounds (you are likely to become dependent on public benefits) Other grounds (miscellaneous grounds such as entering the United States to practice polygamy, being an international child abductor, and voting unlawfully)Depending on the family relationship or the category of green card, \u201cwaivers\u201d may be available to remedy some of the above grounds of disqualification.Do you have confidential questions about how your situation might affect your green card application? With Boundless, you get an independent immigration attorney who can help you understand your options. Find out more about \n what you get with Boundless, or \n start your application now.The I-485 application needs to be filed with supporting documents to prove that the applicant is eligible for a green card. The following supporting documents must be included with a\u00a0marriage-based I-485 application:Proof that the spouse entered the United States using a valid visa, demonstrated by a copy of this prior visa and the I-94 travel record (available here). Proof of the foreign spouse\u2019s nationality (copy of a birth certificate and foreign passport). Proof of the sponsoring spouse\u2019s ability to financially support the spouse seeking a green card (copy of the sponsoring spouse\u2019s latest federal income tax returns and pay stubs)\u2014for more details, see our explanation of the \u201cAffidavit of Support.\u201d If the spouse seeking a green card has ever been arrested, proof that there was no conviction (certified copy of the court record). The spouse seeking a green must also include a medical examination performed by a USCIS-approved doctor. You can find one in your area by using the USCIS find a doctor tool.Secondary evidenceIn the event that a required document is not available, you must submit alternative documents (officially called \u201csecondary evidence\u201d) so that USCIS can make a decision on your I-485 application.For example, if your birth certificate is not available, you can first obtain a statement from the government agency in your home country that is in charge of issuing birth certificates, certifying that your birth certificate is not available through them. You can then submit alternative documents to prove the facts of your birth\u2014essentially, the date and place of your birth, and the names of your parents. Such documents might include baptism records, school records, or census records showing your date of birth, place of birth, and your parents\u2019 names.If none of the above alternative documents are available, you can submit written statements from at least two people who were alive when you were born, and have personal knowledge about the facts of your birth. These statements could be from your grandparents, uncles, aunts, or even family friends. Each statement should include the author\u2019s full name, address, and date and place of birth; all the facts about your own birth (date, place, and names of your parents); and an explanation of how the author has personal knowledge of these facts.The I-485 petition is a very important step in any green card application process that\u2019s based on a family relationship. You should think of the I-485 as an opportunity to prove that you are eligible for a green card.For the flat rate of $750, Boundless helps you complete your entire marriage-based green card (spousal visa) application \u2014 including all required forms and supporting documents, independent attorney review, and support \u2014 from the moment your application is filed until you receive your green card. \n Learn more, or \n check your eligibility without providing any personal or financial information.How Much Does It Cost?The government filing fee for an I-485 application is $1,225.\u00a0For the full costs of the entire marriage-based green card process, click here. In some situations, the fee for an I-485 might be lower or waived entirely (see the filing fee section of the I-485 instructions for details).How Long Does It Take?The processing time for your I-485 petition will depend on your category of adjustment and the USCIS office processing your application. For example, the processing time for I-485 applications filed by spouses of U.S. citizens is currently about 9-11 months. For the full timeline of the entire marriage-based green card process, click here.Where to File?Where you should mail your I-485 application depends on where you live and your category of adjustment. USCIS provides a chart with all the different scenarios.Boundless makes it easy to complete your green card application by turning all the required government forms into simple questions you can answer online \u2014 typically in under 2 hours, compared with days or weeks the traditional way. You\u2019ll also get an independent immigration attorney who will review your entire application package and answer your questions \u2014 for no additional fee. Ready to start? \n Learn more, or \n check your eligibility now.\n\n \n Boundless \u2014 for people who want the expertiseof an immigration lawyer, not the price tag.\n \n \n \n Check My Eligibility\n \n \n \n Learn what we do for you\n \n \n \nCommon marriage-based immigration formsWork Permit (Form I-765)Affidavit of Support (Form I-864)Online Immigrant Visa Application (Form DS-260)Online Choice of Address and Agent (Form DS-261)Family Sponsorship Petition (Form I-130)Supplemental Information (Form I-130A)Electronic Notification (Form G-1145)\u201cAdvance Parole\u201d Travel Document (Form I-131)","excerpt":"What is USCIS Form I-485 (Adjustment of Status)?The next step in the family-based green card process after submitting\u00a0Form I-130 (Petition for Alien Relative) is to submit Form I-485 (Application for Adjustment of Status). In the context of a marriage green","permalink":"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/immigration-resources\/form-i-485-explained\/"},{"id":126,"title":"Can I Sponsor My Undocumented Spouse's Green Card?","subtitle":"Applying for a green card for an undocumented spouse","body":"Family reunification has traditionally been a cornerstone of U.S. immigration policy, with a major emphasis on allowing immediate relatives\u2014defined in immigration law as spouses, minor children, and parents of U.S. citizens\u2014to live together in the United States.In many cases, it\u2019s possible to apply for a marriage green card for an undocumented spouse.The risks, expenses, and timelines vary depending on whether the sponsoring spouse is a U.S. citizen and whether the undocumented spouse entered the United States illegally.Given recent increases in immigration enforcement, including against people who have no criminal record, many families are deciding that the benefits of obtaining a green card for an undocumented spouse outweigh the risks and expense of the application process.Here\u2019s what you need to know about applying for a marriage-based green card for an undocumented spouse\u2026If you are a U.S. citizen and your spouse entered legally but overstayedThe good news is that if you are a U.S. citizen and your spouse entered the United States \u201cwith inspection\u201d\u2014meaning that he or she was inspected by a Customs and Border Protection (CBP) agent, and had a valid visa or entered under the Visa Waiver Program\u2014the application process for a marriage-based green card is the same as if your spouse had legal status.If this is the case, there\u2019s arguably little downside to applying for a marriage-based green card. The undocumented spouse should, however, be extremely cautious about leaving the United States until he or she has received his or her green card. If your spouse leaves the United States, he or she could be unable to return for three or ten years, depending on how long he or she was present in the United States without legal immigration status. Click here for more information on the consequences of overstaying a visa.If you are a U.S citizen and your spouse entered illegallyYour spouse may be able apply for a green card\u2014but he or she must leave the United States in order to do so.If your spouse entered the United States illegally but has been in the United States for less than 180 days, he or she could return home and apply for a green card through the U.S. consulate, just as someone would do if he or she were living abroad and applying for a marriage-based green card.If your spouse has been in the United States for more than 180 days without legal status, he or she will be subject to a bar from entering the United States for either three years or ten years. To avoid this bar, your spouse would need to apply for a provisional waiver to be able to return to the United States sooner.Couples in this situation generally need to do the following:Submit Form I-130\u00a0to U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), making sure to indicate that your spouse will be applying for a green card from abroad. If your I-130 is approved (generally about 6-8 months), you will typically get a notification from the National Visa Center asking you to submit the immigrant visa application and pay the immigrant visa fee. You\u2019ll need a receipt showing that you submitted this immigrant visa application in order to then submit your provisional waiver application. If your provisional waiver is approved (generally after about 6 months), your spouse\u2019s visa interview at the U.S. consulate will be scheduled, and your spouse will need to travel to his or her home country to attend the interview.If, however, your spouse has entered the United States illegally more than once,\u00a0has entered illegally after having been deported, or has entered illegally after having been in the United States without legal status for more than a year, he or she is likely subject to a permanent lifetime bar to entering the United States.\u00a0Click here for more information on the consequences of illegal entry.If you are a green card holder and your spouse is undocumentedSpouses of U.S. green card holders must have a current legal immigration status in order to apply for a green card from inside the United States.Whether or not they entered the country legally, the marriage-based green card application process for undocumented spouses of U.S. green card holders is similar to the process for spouses of U.S. citizens who entered the United States illegally (see above). However, there are two key differences:The process takes longer for spouses of green card holders, because they have to wait for a visa to become available. It takes approximately 18 months longer before they are able to apply for an immigrant visa with the National Visa Center, which they must do before applying for a waiver. Until recently, spouses of green card holders were not able to get waivers if they were subject to the three- or ten-year reentry bars due to unlawful presence in the United States. It\u2019s important to make sure that you get accurate, up-to-date information about whether or not your spouse would qualify for a waiver in this situation.How does DACA affect my spouse\u2019s eligibility for a marriage-based green card?The ways that DACA (Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals) affects eligibility for a marriage green card are subtle, but could make a huge difference in individual cases\u2014especially if the DACA recipient spouse arrived in the United States illegally and\/or the sponsoring spouse is a U.S. green card holder.First of all, \u201cunlawful presence\u201d doesn\u2019t accrue until a person turns 18. If your spouse applied for DACA before turning 18, or within 180 days of turning 18, then generally he or she will not be subject to reentry bar (and therefore will not need a waiver) if he or she has to apply for a green card from outside the United States.Just as importantly, many DACA recipients have been able to travel outside of the United States and return legally with a travel document, also called \u201cAdvance Parole.\u201d If your spouse is currently a DACA recipient and last entered the United States with his or her travel document, he or she should be able to apply for a marriage-based green card from inside the United States.Otherwise, DACA should have no special effect on whether or not your undocumented spouse qualifies for a marriage-based green card.\n\n \n Boundless \u2014 for people who want the expertiseof an immigration lawyer, not the price tag.\n \n \n \n Check My Eligibility\n \n \n \n Learn what we do for you\n \n \n \nRelated informationMarriage Green Cards, ExplainedFianc\u00e9 Visa Vs. Marriage Visa?How Long Does It Take to Get a Marriage Green Card in the U.S.?What Are The Costs of a Marriage-Based Green Card?What Documents Do I Need for a Marriage-Based Green Card?What is an Affidavit of Support?Preparing for the Green Card Interview \u2013 U.S. Immigration Help","excerpt":"Family reunification has traditionally been a cornerstone of U.S. immigration policy, with a major emphasis on allowing immediate relatives\u2014defined in immigration law as spouses, minor children, and parents of U.S. citizens\u2014to live together in the United States.In many cases, it\u2019s","permalink":"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/immigration-resources\/undocumented-spouse\/"},{"id":127,"title":"The Diversity Visa Lottery","subtitle":"What you need to know about the \"green card lottery\"","body":"Have you heard an immigrant in your community talking about how he or she \u201cwon the lottery?\u201d In all likelihood, the lottery your neighbor is talking about is the Diversity Visa program, which is administered by the Department of State as a way to increase the diversity of the immigrants coming to live in the United States.Each year, the Diversity Visa program allows 50,000 randomly selected people\u2014only from countries that don\u2019t send many immigrants to the United States\u2014to obtain permanent residency (commonly called a \u201cgreen card\u201d). It\u2019s a way for individuals and families who otherwise wouldn\u2019t have any way to legally immigrate to the United States to get a green card.Entering the Diversity Visa lottery (aka green card lottery) involves filling out a simple form online, and it doesn\u2019t cost anything. You can enter the lottery every year from early October through early November. The winners are selected at random by a computer, and they and their immediate families receive green cards.The Diversity Visa was established by the Immigration Act of 1990 as a way to increase the diversity among immigrants to the United States. There have always been a handful of countries from which the majority of immigrants to the United States come, and Congress established the Diversity Visa program to increase the number of immigrants from smaller countries and countries that don\u2019t send many immigrants to the United States.The Diversity Visa is administered primarily by the U.S. State Department. The State Department runs the lottery and selects and notifies the winners. Over 95 percent of immigrants who win the green card lottery go through the State Department to get their green cards, as most of them are living outside the United States when they win the Diversity Visa lottery.Just because the Diversity Visa exists now doesn\u2019t mean that it isn\u2019t subject to change. Several past and current immigration reform bills in Congress would eliminate the program entirely\u2014though for now, none of these proposals have been enacted yet.Country of birthIn order to qualify for the Diversity Visa, you must have been born in a country that sent less than 50,000 immigrants to the United States over the past 5 years. There is some yearly variation in the countries that are eligible, but Canada, China, India, Mexico, and the United Kingdom never make the list, because these countries all send a large number of immigrants to the United States.If your native country is not eligible, there are still two ways you could qualify for the Diversity Visa:If your spouse was born in an eligible country, you can apply with your spouse and choose your spouse\u2019s birth country on your application. If neither of your parents were legal residents in your own country of birth, you can choose your mother or father\u2019s country of birth.EducationThe second major requirement for Diversity Visa applicants is that you must have at least a high school degree, or at least two years of work experience within the past five years in a profession that requires at least two years of training, as determined by the U.S. Department of Labor.If you\u2019re selected in the green card lottery, you and your family members will have to meet the same requirements as any other U.S. green card applicant. Certain types of criminal records could make you ineligible for a green card. There are also some medical conditions that could make it difficult or impossible to get a green card.What if I\u2019m Married to a U.S. Citizen or Have Other Family Ties to the United States?If you\u2019re married to a U.S. citizen, you could still apply for the Diversity Visa lottery. However, there\u2019s little advantage to doing so, since you will almost always be able to come to the United States sooner by applying for a marriage-based green card instead.If you have another family member who could sponsor your green card, it might still be worthwhile to apply for the Diversity Visa lottery. Some family-based immigration categories\u2014for example, siblings of U.S. citizens\u2014take a very long time, and you would be able to come to the United States much sooner if you won the Diversity Visa lottery.Entering the LotteryParticipating in the lottery is relatively easy. You fill out a form on the State Department\u2019s website\u00a0while it is available, from early October through early November.\u00a0Most of the questions are easy to understand; however, there are a few places where these extra suggestions may be helpful:For \u201ccountry of birth,\u201d list the country you were born in, regardless of where you currently live. If the country has a different name now than it did when you were born, use the country\u2019s current name. For \u201ccountry of eligibility,\u201d list either your country of birth, or\u2014if you qualify to use your spouse\u2019s or your parents\u2019 birth countries\u2014list that country. The country you currently live in is irrelevant for this question. Your spouse: You must list your spouse, even if he or she doesn\u2019t live with you and does not intend to immigrate with you. Your children: You must list all of your biological children and all of your adopted children, no matter how old they are. You should also list all of your step-children under age 21, even if you are no longer married to their parent.Once you submit your application, it\u2019s essential to keep your confirmation number, because this is the only way to know if you\u2019ve been selected.Selection and NotificationThe winners of the Diversity Visa lottery are chosen at random by a computer program, with a certain number of visas allocated to each region of the world and no one country receiving more than 7 percent of the Diversity Visas available in any given year.Although the exact dates vary, people who have entered the Diversity Visa lottery can check the status of their application beginning in early May the year following their application, by using the Entrant Status Check link on the Diversity Visa webpage. This is why it\u2019s so important to save that confirmation number: Without it, you won\u2019t be able to see if you\u2019ve been selected or not.If you\u2019re selected in the green card lottery, it\u2019s important to act fast, even though it could still be a year or more before you\u2019re able to come to the United States. There are two reasons to act immediately: First of all, your application must be processed and your visa must be issued by the end of the fiscal year for which you were selected. Second, there are more people selected for the Diversity Visa than there are visas available, and if you wait until the last minute there might not be any visas left.When you\u2019re notified that you won the Diversity Visa, you\u2019ll get a numerical rank, which will tell you when you can apply for your visa. Towards the end of July, you can check the State Department\u2019s visa bulletin to see when you can submit your application. The first visas are available on October 1, the first day of the U.S. government\u2019s fiscal year, and you can submit your application up to 90 days ahead of time.If you\u2019re outside the United StatesThe vast majority of people who are selected for the Diversity Visa aren\u2019t in the United States, and will apply for a green card through the U.S. consulate in their home country. As soon as you see that there is a visa available, you should submit form DS-260 with the National Visa Center. Once your application is processed, it will be forwarded to the U.S. consulate, which will schedule a visa interview. If you meet all the requirements, you will be approved for your immigrant visa at the interview.If you\u2019re in the United StatesIf you\u2019re in the United States in a temporary immigration status (technically known as \u201cnon-immigrant status\u201d) when you win the Diversity Visa lottery, you\u2019ll apply for a green card through United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) by filing Form I-485. You should submit your application as soon as a visa becomes available, based on the visa bulletin.Unfortunately, the Diversity Visa program is sometimes abused by scammers as a way to defraud hopeful immigrants. Here are a couple of tips to avoid common scams related to the Diversity Visa:Entering the Diversity Visa lottery is free. Anyone claiming to collect a fee on the Department of State\u2019s behalf is scamming aspiring immigrants. The Department of State does not notify winners either by mail or by email; the only way to know if you\u2019ve been selected is to check your application using Entrant Status Check.Entering the Diversity Visa lottery is like entering any other lottery\u2014the odds of winning aren\u2019t high\u2014but if you\u2019re lucky, it can be a way to come to the United States even if you don\u2019t have any family or employment contacts. If you\u2019re married to a U.S. citizen, though, applying for a marriage green card is almost certainly the better option.\n\n \n Boundless \u2014 for people who want the expertiseof an immigration lawyer, not the price tag.\n \n \n \n Check My Eligibility\n \n \n \n Learn what we do for you\n \n \n \nRelated InformationGreen Card Marriages, ExplainedHow Is a Fianc\u00e9 Visa Different from a Marriage-Based Green Card?How Long Does It Take to Get a Marriage Green Card in the U.S.?What Are The Costs of a Marriage-Based Green Card?What Documents Do I Need for a Marriage-Based Green Card?Green Card Interview QuestionsAbout the I-130A FormUnderstanding Green Cards","excerpt":"Have you heard an immigrant in your community talking about how he or she \u201cwon the lottery?\u201d In all likelihood, the lottery your neighbor is talking about is the Diversity Visa program, which is administered by the Department of State","permalink":"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/immigration-resources\/diversity-visa-lottery\/"},{"id":3967,"title":"How Much Does It Cost to Become a U.S. Citizen in 2019?","subtitle":"Understanding citizenship fees, plus fee waivers and fee reductions","body":"The current naturalization fee for a U.S. citizenship application is $725. That total includes $640 for application processing and $85 for biometrics services, both of which are nonrefundable, regardless of whether the U.S. government approves or rejects an application. Some applicants, however, can have these fees reduced or waived entirely.In this guide, we\u2019ll cover who is required to pay, how and where to submit payments, and what to do if you can\u2019t afford the fees. To learn more about naturalization, check out our detailed guide to applying for U.S. citizenship.Boundless makes it easy to complete your naturalization application by turning all the government requirements into simple questions you can easily answer online. \n Learn more, or \n get started now!Not everyone must pay the full government fees for naturalization. Those applying for U.S. citizenship based on their military service are exempt from both the application filing fee and the biometrics fee. Applicants aged 75 and older are exempt from the biometrics fee only. Everyone else must pay both fees, unless eligible for an income-based fee waiver or reduction (see below).Here\u2019s a quick summary of the fees and who\u2019s required to pay them:Naturalization Fees Applicant Type Special Circumstances Total Government Fees Typical applicant No special circumstances $725 \u00a0 With fee reduction $405 \u00a0 With fee waiver $0 Applicant aged 75 or older No special circumstances $640 \u00a0 With fee reduction $320 \u00a0 With fee waiver $0 Active-duty military or veteran \u00a0 $0 Boundless will print your entire citizenship application package and mail it to your doorstep, with clear instructions on how to sign and send it to the government. Learn more about \n what Boundless does, or \n start your application today.FOR APPLICANTS LIVING IN THE UNITED STATESIf you submit the naturalization application (Form N-400) online through myUSCIS, then you may also pay the applicable fee(s) online.If you submit a paper Form N-400 through the mail, you may pay the applicable fee(s) with one of the following options (do not send cash):Money order Personal check Cashier\u2019s check Credit card (using Form G-1450, officially called the \u201cAuthorization for Credit Card Transactions\u201d)Important things to remember:You must choose only one method of payment. In other words, you cannot pay the application filing fee using a money order but pay the biometrics fee using a personal check. If you\u2019re submitting more than one U.S. citizenship application (for multiple family members, for example), you must use the same method of payment for all of them. All payments must be in exact amounts. Otherwise, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) will reject your naturalization application and return your payment, both of which you\u2019ll need to resubmit with the correct payment amount. If you\u2019re paying by money order, personal check, or cashier\u2019s check, you must spell out \u201cU.S. Department of Homeland Security\u201d as the payee. Do not abbreviate the Department\u2019s name as \u201cUSDHS\u201d or \u201cDHS.\u201d If you\u2019re paying by credit card, make sure to complete all three sections of Form G-1450, sign the form, and place Form G-1450 on top of Form N-400.FOR APPLICANTS LIVING ABROAD:If paying by money order, personal check, or cashier\u2019s check, you must contact the U.S. embassy or consulate in your area for specific payment instructions.Boundless can help you respond to government questions and prepare for your citizenship interview. Learn more about \n what you get with Boundless, or \n start your application today.What if I can\u2019t afford the fees?If you can\u2019t afford to pay your naturalization fee(s), you may apply for a fee reduction or waiver.Fee ReductionTo qualify for a fee reduction, your total annual household income must equal between 150% and 200% of the Federal Poverty Guidelines, as listed in the following tables:For residents of the 48 contiguous states and U.S. territories Household Size* 150% of Poverty Guidelines 200% of Poverty Guidelines 1 $18,210 $24,280 2 $24,690 $32,920 3 $31,170 $41,560 4 $37,650 $50,200 For each additional person, add: $6,480 $8,640 \u00a0 For Hawaii residents Household Size* 150% of Poverty Guidelines 200% of Poverty Guidelines 1 $22,770 $30,360 2 $30,870 $41,160 3 $38,970 $51,960 4 $47,070 $62,760 For each additional person, add: $8,100 $10,800 \u00a0 For Alaska residents Household Size* 150% of Poverty Guidelines 200% of Poverty Guidelines 1 $20,940 $27,920 2 $28,395 $37,860 3 $35,850 $47,800 4 $43,305 $57,740 For each additional person, add: $7,455 $9,940 Last updated August 30, 2018 (source: USCIS)*See \u201cCalculating household size\u201d below to help you determine who is considered a member of your household.To apply for the fee reduction, you must submit Form I-942 (officially called the \u201cRequest for Reduced Fee\u201d) with\u00a0Form N-400\u00a0(USCIS will not\u00a0accept Form I-942 if you submit it\u00a0after\u00a0filing Form N-400), the reduced\u00a0amount of the fees, and all supporting documentation.Only the application filing fee will be reduced (by 50%, from $640 to $320). The biometrics fee will remain $85. Therefore, if eligible for the fee reduction, you will pay only $405. (If you\u2019re 75 or older, however, your exemption from the biometrics fee means you\u2019ll pay only $320.)Fee WaiverTo qualify for a fee waiver, you must demonstrate to the U.S. government that you can\u2019t afford the filing fee due to one or more of the following reasons:You receive public assistance benefits, such as Medicaid or Supplemental Security Income (SSI). (See this list to determine which benefits count.) Your total annual household income is at or below 150% of the Federal Poverty Guidelines.\u00a0(See the \u201c150% of Poverty Guidelines\u201d column in the tables above. Also see \u201cCalculating household size\u201d below to help you determine who is considered a member of your household.) You have a financial hardship (such as large medical expenses or unemployment).To apply for the waiver, you must submit Form I-912 (officially called the \u201cRequest for Fee Waiver\u201d)\u00a0with\u00a0Form N-400\u00a0(USCIS will not\u00a0accept Form I-912 if you submit it\u00a0after\u00a0filing Form N-400) and all supporting documentation. You do\u00a0not\u00a0need to submit the fees associated with Form N-400.If approved, both the application filing fee and biometrics fee will be waived, and you will pay $0.Calculating household sizeTo determine your household size, count all of the following individuals:Yourself The head of your household (if not you) Your spouse who lives with you, if you\u2019re married (do not include your spouse if they do not live with you or if you are separated) Any family members who live with you and depend on your household\u2019s income, including: Your unmarried children or legal wards under age 21 who live with you Your unmarried children or legal wards between ages 21 and 24 who are full-time students and live with you when not at school Your unmarried children or legal wards who are physically or developmentally disabled or mentally impaired Your parents who live with you Any other dependents listed on your federal income tax return or that of your spouse or head of householdWith Boundless, you get the confidence of an\u00a0independent immigration attorney\u00a0who will review all of your materials and answer any questions you have \u2014 for no additional fee.\u00a0\n Ready to start?\n\n \n Boundless \u2014 for people who want the expertiseof an immigration lawyer, not the price tag.\n \n \n \n Check My Eligibility\n \n \n \n Learn what we do for you\n \n \n \nRelated informationNaturalization, ExplainedRequirements for NaturalizationUnderstanding the Application for Naturalization (Form N-400)Documents Needed for CitizenshipAdvantages of U.S. CitizenshipThe Naturalization TimelineThe Naturalization Interview, ExplainedSample Naturalization Interview QuestionsThe Citizenship TestTaking the Oath of Allegiance During NaturalizationUnderstanding Dual CitizenshipGetting a Joint Sponsor for a Marriage-Based Green Card","excerpt":"The current naturalization fee for a U.S. citizenship application is $725. That total includes $640 for application processing and $85 for biometrics services, both of which are nonrefundable, regardless of whether the U.S. government approves or rejects an application. Some","permalink":"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/immigration-resources\/how-much-does-it-cost-to-apply-for-us-citizenship\/"},{"id":128,"title":"Conditional Permanent Residency (CR1) and Form I-751","subtitle":" Use Form I-751, the \"Petition to Remove Conditions\" to make your CR-1 visa permanent","body":"This guide is specific to marriage-based green cards. Visit our general Green Card\/Visa Guide for other types of green cards.If you\u2019ve just received your marriage green card, you might be surprised to discover it\u2019s set to expire after just two years. Not to worry!If you and your spouse had been married for less than two years at the time your green card (visa) was approved, your green card will be \u201cconditional,\u201d and only valid for two years.After two years, you\u2019ll once again need to prove that your marriage is real, and then you\u2019ll be able to get a \u201cpermanent\u201d green card, valid for 10\u2013year renewable periods. (The letters \u201cIR1\u201d on the physical green card stand for \u201cimmediate relative.\u201d)The letters \u201cCR1\u201d on the physical green card stand for \u201cconditional resident.\u201dEvery marriage-based green card applicant who has been married for less than two years receives a conditional green card, also known as \u201cconditional permanent residency.\u201d Practically speaking, a conditional permanent resident has the same rights and privileges as a\u00a0permanent resident.Getting a CR-1 visa has nothing to do with how much proof of a valid relationship you and your spouse provided, or how convinced U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is that you have a genuine marriage. It does, however, mean that there is one more step to becoming a permanent green card holder.Here are a few other things you may want to know if you have conditional permanent residency\u2026History of conditional permanent residencyMarriage fraud has been a concern in U.S. immigration law ever since family ties\u2014and especially marriages\u2014became one of the primary ways to immigrate to the United States. In 1986, the precursor to USCIS estimated that one in three marriages between a U.S. citizen and a foreign national were fraudulent. That same year, Congress began enacting tougher requirements for marriage-based green cards, and introduced the \u201cconditional green card\u201d as part of the effort to deter sham marriages.As it turns out, the estimate that a third of couples who apply for marriage-based green cards got married solely for immigration reasons was grossly exaggerated. The agency revised its estimates downward, saying that only a relatively small percentage of marriage-based green card applications are fraudulent. Less than one percent of marriage-based green card applications are denied for fraud.Conditional green cards (CR-1 visas) for relative newlyweds have remained, even though the concerns about fraud that led to their introduction were overstated. They give USCIS another chance to revisit the authenticity of your relationship and ensure that you have a genuine, or \u201cbona fide,\u201d marriage.What to do if you have conditional permanent residencyIf you or your spouse has conditional permanent residency, you\u2019ll need to file Form I-751, the \u201cPetition to Remove Conditions,\u201d so that you can get a permanent green card. Here are some of the most important things to remember:The timing is important. You\u2019ll need to file your I-751 during the 90-day window before your conditional permanent residency expires. Your application will be returned if it\u2019s filed too early, or denied if it\u2019s filed late\u2014and if you can\u2019t show any extenuating circumstances to explain why the application is late. The Form I-751 is a joint petition. Both spouses will need to complete the form together, and both spouses need to sign the form. You\u2019ll need to include additional evidence that your marriage is real. USCIS expects that since you\u2019ve now been married for two years longer, you\u2019ll have new photos together, new joint financial documentation, and possibly even children together. You should include the same types of evidence that you included with your original green card application, but this should be evidence that you\u2019ve accumulated in the time since your original green card application was approved. You\u2019ll need to include a copy of the front and back of your conditional green card, along with the filing fee of $680.What happens if you don\u2019t remove the conditionsIf you don\u2019t remove the conditions on your permanent residency, you will be \u201cout of status\u201d as soon as your conditional green card expires. You could very likely be placed in deportation proceedings, and in any event you will start accruing \u201cunlawful presence\u201d that could lead to you being barred from the United States for three or ten years if you left and tried to reenter.Reasons you might be deniedThere are typically only three reasons that an application to remove the conditions on permanent residency might be denied. They are:Filing the application late without providing evidence of extenuating circumstances. Failing to provide enough documentation that you and your spouse have built a life together. USCIS suspects that your marriage is fraudulent.It\u2019s possible to avoid all of those reasons for denial by ensuring that you file Form I-751 at the right time, that you provide strong evidence that you\u2019ve built a life with your spouse, and by responding to any Requests for Evidence (RFEs) you get from USCIS.What if we get a divorce?If your marriage falls apart, you can still apply to remove the conditions on your CR1 visa and get a permanent resident card, but you will need to include a request for a waiver of the requirement that your spouse file the form with you. However, you will still need to prove that the marriage was entered into in good faith and not for immigration purposes.Generally speaking, it\u2019s a good idea to include valid evidence that the U.S. citizen or green card holder who sponsored your marriage-based green card application was at fault for the end of the marriage, and\/or that he or she was the one who requested the divorce. It\u2019s also a good idea to show attempts to save the marriage, like marriage counseling.If your marriage ended in divorce before you could file Form I-751, you can submit it at any time before you are deported from the United States\u2014you don\u2019t need to wait for the 90-day window before your conditional permanent residency expires. You should include a copy of your final divorce decree as part of the application packet.What if my spouse dies?If your spouse dies before you can remove the conditions on your permanent residency, you will have to file Form I-751 and include a copy of your spouse\u2019s death certificate, as well as any evidence you have of the life you shared together.In this circumstance, you can file your Form I-751 any time between when your spouse dies and when your green card expires\u2014you don\u2019t need to wait for the 90-day window before your conditional permanent residency expires.What if I was abused or battered during my marriage?If your spouse was abusive during your marriage, you can apply to have the conditions on your permanent residency removed without your spouse\u2019s assistance. You should include evidence of the abuse, such as restraining orders, affidavits from domestic violence shelters, photographs and\/or medical reports detailing injuries as a result of the abuse, or other evidence. If you have divorced, you should include a copy of your final divorce decree.What if my marriage ended, but termination of my residency will result in \u201cextreme hardship\u201d to me?This category is the trickiest, because it doesn\u2019t technically require that you prove that your marriage was entered into in good faith, or for reasons other than to get a green card. Instead, you\u2019re asked to prove that you would face \u201cextreme hardship\u201d if you were to have to return to your home country. When USCIS looks at applications that claim \u201cextreme hardship,\u201d it only considers factors that have arisen in the time since your green card was originally approved.For example, if a civil war started in your home country during the time between when you initially applied for a marriage-based green card and the time when you are applying to remove the conditions on your green card, that might qualify as \u201cextreme hardship.\u201d See this website for more information about extreme hardship.If more than one of the above special circumstances apply, you can ask USCIS to consider all of them by checking as many boxes on Form I-751 as are relevant to you\u2014 for example, if you were in an abusive marriage which ended in divorce, and removal from the United States will cause you extreme hardship, you would check all three boxes on the I-751 to request that USCIS consider all your circumstances when evaluating your application for a 10 year green card.\n\n \n Boundless \u2014 for people who want the expertiseof an immigration lawyer, not the price tag.\n \n \n \n Check My Eligibility\n \n \n \n Learn what we do for you\n \n \n \nRelated informationMarriage-Based Immigration ResourcesHow to Get a Marriage Green CardHow is a Fianc\u00e9 Visa Different from a Marriage Green Card?The USCIS I 485 Form (Adjustment of Status)How Long Does It Take to Get a Marriage Green Card?How Much Does it Cost to Apply for a Marriage Green Card?About the Affidavit of SupportForm G 1145 (USCIS email notification)","excerpt":"This guide is specific to marriage-based green cards. Visit our general Green Card\/Visa Guide for other types of green cards.If you\u2019ve just received your marriage green card, you might be surprised to discover it\u2019s set to expire after just two","permalink":"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/immigration-resources\/conditional-permanent-residency\/"},{"id":130,"title":"Can I Work While My Green Card Application Is Pending?","subtitle":"Frequently asked questions about working while waiting","body":"If you currently live in the United States and want to work for a U.S. employer while your marriage-based green card application (Form I-485) is pending, you will need a work permit first. You may not apply for a work permit if you live abroad.There are other factors to consider before and after obtaining a work permit. Read on for answers to some common questions.I\u2019m married to a U.S. citizen or green card holder and living in the United States. Can I start working while I\u2019m waiting for my green card?If you already have a valid work visa, such as an H-1B or L-1 visa, you can continue working in the United States even while your green card application is being processed. Otherwise, you must obtain a work permit (officially called an \u201cEmployment Authorization Document,\u201d or EAD) before you can start working in the United States.For spouses of U.S. citizens, the work permit application is typically filed as part of the initial green card application package. (To learn more, check out our guide to Green Cards for Spouses of U.S. Citizens Living in the United States.)Spouses of green card holders, however, must wait until they are eligible to file their green card application before they apply for a work permit. (For more details, see our guide to Green Cards for Spouses of Green Card Holders Living in the United States.)How long will I wait for the work permit?Your work permit will arrive within five months \u2014 up to seven months, in some cases \u2014 after U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) receives your work permit application. (Until recently, the typical processing time for a work permit application was 90 days, but a growing backlog has caused additional delays. You can check the most current processing times, updated monthly, on the USCIS website.)Keep in mind that you cannot\u00a0submit\u00a0a work permit application until you\u2019ve filed the green card application (Form I-485). Spouses of green card holders must wait for a visa number\u00a0before\u00a0filing the I-485, which means they must wait an additional\u00a019 to 25\u00a0months. Spouses of U.S. citizens don\u2019t have to wait for a visa number and can file their work permit applications with the initial application package containing the I-485.Depending on your situation, the green card itself usually arrives 10\u201313 months (if you\u2019re married to a U.S. citizen)\u00a0or over 3 years\u00a0(if you\u2019re married to a green card holder) from the time you submit your green card application. Once you have your own green card, you will be free to work for any U.S. employer, and you will no longer need a separate work permit.Can my U.S. citizen spouse file a work permit application on my behalf?No. Your spouse may not file a work permit application on your behalf. You, the spouse seeking the green card, must sign the work permit application (Form I-765) yourself.What documents do I need to submit with my work permit application?Several travel documents are needed to apply for a work permit. The most important of these include your I-94 travel record (if available) and previous work permits (if any). Additional identification documents are required if you haven\u2019t previously been issued a work permit. Our detailed guide on the work permit includes a full list of the required documents.How much does it cost to apply for a work permit?There is no cost to obtain a\u00a0work permit whether you submit your application before or after filing your marriage-based green card application (Form I-485).Boundless takes all the required government forms \u2014 including the work permit application \u2014 and turns them into simple questions you can answer online \u2014 typically in under two hours. \n Learn more, or \n get started now!What kind of jobs can I accept if my work permit is approved?The work permit that\u2019s tied to a marriage-based green card application does not restrict the type of employment that\u2019s allowed. With this work permit, you may accept any employment that is otherwise legal.How many hours can I work if my work permit is approved?You may work as much as you\u2019d like \u2014 either part-time or full-time \u2014 with a\u00a0work permit that\u2019s associated with a\u00a0marriage-based green card application. There are no restrictions on the number of hours you can work.What happens to my work permit after my green card application is approved?Once USCIS approves your green card application, your\u00a0work permit will automatically terminate. As a permanent resident, you will no longer need a separate work permit. You will be authorized to work in the United States even before your physical green card arrives.Boundless will print your completed green card application package, assemble it precisely how the government prefers, and mail it to your doorstep. \n Start your application today!Can I apply for my green card and a U.S. work permit while in my home country?You may apply for a green card, but not for a U.S.\u00a0work permit, while living abroad. Work permits are available only to spouses of U.S. citizens and green card holders who file their green card application from within the United States.If you are living abroad, you may work in the United States only after the green card application process is complete. This process can take\u00a010\u201313 months for spouses of U.S. citizens and 29\u201338 months for spouses of U.S. green card holders.With Boundless, you get an independent immigration attorney who will review your green card application and answer all of your questions. \n Ready to take action?Can I apply for my green card and my work permit from the United States, and then return to my home country to work while I wait?First of all, you must apply and be approved for a travel permit (officially called an \u201cAdvance Parole Travel Document\u201d) before you can leave the United States while your green card application is pending. If you leave the United States before your travel permit application is approved, USCIS will consider your green card application \u201cabandoned.\u201dOnly once your travel permit is approved can you return to your home country and work. By the time your travel permit is approved, however, you will be able to choose between staying in the United States to work (using an approved\u00a0work permit) or to travel and work abroad. Both the work permit and travel permit applications generally take about five months (up to\u00a0seven months, in some cases) to process.These applications are part of the same filing package as the green card application if you\u2019re married to a U.S. citizen. If you\u2019re married to a green card holder, you\u2019ll need to wait until you\u2019ve filed the green card application\u00a0before\u00a0you can submit your work and travel permit applications (see above for more details).With Boundless, you get a professionally assembled green card application package \u2014 including the travel and work permit applications \u2014 arranged in the precise format the government prefers. \n Start now!\n\n \n Boundless \u2014 for people who want the expertiseof an immigration lawyer, not the price tag.\n \n \n \n Check My Eligibility\n \n \n \n Learn what we do for you\n \n \n \nRelated InformationMarriage Green Cards, ExplainedApplication for Employment Authorization (work permit)Requesting an Employment Verification LetterHow Long Does It Take to Get a Marriage Green Card in the U.S.?What Are the Costs of a Marriage-Based Green Card?What Documents Do I Need for a Marriage-Based Green Card?What Is an Affidavit of Support?Preparing for the Green Card InterviewShould I File for an Adjustment of Status or Choose Consular Processing?","excerpt":"If you currently live in the United States and want to work for a U.S. employer while your marriage-based green card application (Form I-485) is pending, you will need a work permit first. You may not apply for a work","permalink":"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/immigration-resources\/working-in-the-united-states-while-waiting-for-your-green-card\/"},{"id":2690,"title":"Completing Your Employment History on a Green Card Application","subtitle":"How to provide an accurate record of your current and previous jobs","body":"What employment history is required for a green card application?When you apply for a green card through marriage, the U.S. government will want to know where you\u2019ve worked for the past five years. If you\u2019re applying from abroad, that period generally expands to the past 10 years.You should have no trouble completing this section of your immigration forms if you\u2019ve worked in only one or two places during those time frames. But what if you\u2019ve had multiple employers and struggle to recall every detail?Don\u2019t worry! In this guide, we\u2019ll review the level of detail that the U.S. government generally expects you to provide about your current and previous employment. We\u2019ll also share some helpful tips for piecing together the missing details.Boundless makes it easy to complete your green card application, including your employment history. \n Learn how we can help you, or \n get started now.Both the spouse seeking a green card and sponsoring spouse (the U.S. citizen or green card holder) must provide their employment history on the appropriate immigration form. The following table lists the forms where spouses must enter their current and previous jobs:Which form? Whose employment history? For which years? Family Sponsorship Form (I-130) Sponsoring spouse (U.S. citizen or green card holder) Past 5 years Supplemental Information Form (I-130A) Green card applicant living abroad or in the U.S. Past 5 years Green Card Application (I-485) Green card applicant living in the U.S. Past 5 years Online Green Card Application (DS-260) Green card applicant living abroad Past 10 years* *Please note that if you are applying from abroad and you are an Afghan national, you will be asked to provide your employment history from 1995 until now. Iraqi nationals living abroad must provide all of their employment history until now.What information do I need to provide for each employer?On the I-130, I-130A, and I-485 forms: You will provide the following details for each employer \u2014 whether abroad or in the United States \u2014 during the past five years:Employer\u2019s name Employer\u2019s address\u00a0(where you actually work or report to or previously did) Your position or title Exact start and end dates (month\/day\/year)There are some important peculiarities to note about these forms: On both the\u00a0I-130 and\u00a0I-130A, the U.S. government will assume that you are currently employed, so the end date for your first listed employer will be pre-filled with \u201cPRESENT.\u201d You may not change or delete this answer, but you may enter an alternative type of employer if you are not currently working (see \u201cSpecial Situations\u201d section below). The\u00a0I-485, however, allows you to enter an end date for the first listed employer, which need not be your current employer, only your most recent.For the spouse seeking a green card, the\u00a0I-130A also asks for your last job outside the United States if this was not listed as employment from the past five years. (In other words, this could be a job held over five years ago.) If you don\u2019t list any work abroad from the past five years or longer, you must explain at the end of the form why you never worked outside the United States.Boundless makes it easy to complete your employment history, so you don\u2019t have to copy the same information onto multiple forms. \n Ready to get started?On the DS-260 form: This online form is only for spouses applying for a green card from abroad, and it\u2019s set up differently from the other three forms discussed above. If you\u2019re the spouse seeking a green card, you\u2019ll start by providing the following details about each current job (or jobs, if more than one) \u2014 whether abroad or in the United States:Your primary occupation (you must specify your job if it is not among the choices in the drop-down list) Employer\u2019s name Employer\u2019s address (where you actually work or report to or previously did)For each previous job you held during the past 10 years \u2014 whether abroad or in the United States \u2014 you must also provide:Employer\u2019s phone number Your job title Supervisor\u2019s name Exact start and end dates (month\/day\/year)Additionally, you must disclose:What type of employment you intend to seek once in the United States Whether you previously served in the military of any countryIf you answer yes to serving in the military, you must also provide the following information:Country or region where you served Branch of service Your rank or position Your military specialty Exact start and end dates of your serviceBoundless gives you the confidence that the right information is going onto each of the right forms. \n Get started today.Not everyone will have straightforward answers to the \u201cEmployment History\u201d section of their immigration forms. Let\u2019s discuss how to properly address unusual scenarios:Does being a student or an intern count as employment?Yes, full-time student enrollment and unpaid internships are considered types of employment for green card application purposes.On forms\u00a0I-130, I-130A, and I-485, you would simply write \u201cStudent\u201d or \u201cUnpaid Intern\u201d \u2014 whichever is applicable to you \u2014 in the space for your job title or occupation. You would then write the name of your school or the place where you intern as the name of your employer. Include the school\u2019s or employer\u2019s address and dates of attendance or employment, as well.On the\u00a0DS-260, you would select \u201cSTUDENT\u201d from the drop-down list of primary occupations and provide your school\u2019s name and address. If you are an unpaid intern, you would select \u201cOTHER\u201d from the drop-down list of primary occupations, specify your job, and enter your employer\u2019s address. You will not be asked for the dates of your attendance or internship if these are your current occupations.Does part-time work count as employment?Yes, part-time work is considered a type of employment for green card application purposes. The U.S. government generally requires you to include any periods of paid employment, whether part- or full-time, including paid internships. You would complete the \u201cEmployment History\u201d section of your immigration forms the same way that a full-time employee would (see \u201cEmployment History Requirements\u201d section above).What if I\u2019m unemployed, retired, or a homemaker?If you are unemployed, retired, or a homemaker (or stay-at-home parent), or were at any time during the past five years, you would simply write \u201cUnemployed,\u201d \u201cRetired,\u201d or \u201cHomemaker\u201d \u2014 whichever is applicable to you \u2014 where you would enter the name of an employer on forms I-130, I-130A, and I-485.On the\u00a0DS-260, you would select \u201cNOT EMPLOYED,\u201d \u201cRETIRED,\u201d or \u201cHOMEMAKER\u201d \u2014 whichever is applicable to you \u2014 from the drop-down list of primary occupations if you were one of these at any point in the past 10 years. If you select \u201cNOT EMPLOYED,\u201d you must also explain why you do not work.Boundless turns all the required government forms for your green card application into simple questions you can answer online in under two hours \u2014 including all the sections about your employment history. \n Ready to start?The U.S. government expects you to provide an accurate employment history \u2014 ideally with exact start and end dates. But you\u2019re not alone if you can\u2019t remember some dates or previous employers.If you end up with one or two gaps in your employment history or inexact dates, you should be prepared to explain these, but your application most likely won\u2019t be denied for those reasons. The U.S. government is generally known to be flexible about this part of the green card application. After all, many people don\u2019t maintain perfect records of their employment history.But you should still do your best to answer this section of your immigration forms completely and accurately. On every form you submit, you\u2019ll sign a sworn statement attesting to the truthfulness of the information you provided. (Intentionally lying to the U.S. government is a criminal offense.) The U.S. Department of Homeland Security also has the right to verify the information you provide by means including unannounced visits to your places of employment before or even after it has made a decision on your application. So treat this part of the application with the care and diligence it deserves.If you can\u2019t remember the exact start and end dates you worked at a particular job, you can provide approximate dates and explain on the form why exact dates were not available. If you end up with a gap between the dates, however, it\u2019s best to eliminate these (see below for tips).Otherwise, if you have unexplained gaps or inexact dates, you can expect one of the following three outcomes from the U.S. government:They may accept your employment history without question. They may ask you to amend your application with a more complete employment history via an official request for evidence, or RFE (relatively rare). They may ask about the gaps during your green card interview.Boundless can help you easily manage your employment history to check for any gaps. \n Learn more, or \n get started!If you can\u2019t recall previous jobs and the dates when you worked at each one, you\u2019re not alone. But with a little diligence, you may find that you can reconstruct your full work history. Try one of these methods to find the information you need:Check your r\u00e9sum\u00e9 or CV: These are the most obvious places to look if you\u2019ve been in the job market in the past five or 10 years. Potential employers often require your r\u00e9sum\u00e9 or curriculum vitae (CV) when evaluating your job application. These documents traditionally list each position, the companies you worked for, and the dates you worked at each.Request an Employment Verification Letter: This formal document from your employer provides evidence that you work for them or previously did. It should contain the name and address of your employer, start date, end date (if you no longer work there), position, and annual salary.Look at your income tax returns: Your federal income tax return will not only be required when you submit your financial support form (I-864) to the U.S. government, but it can also be useful for finding the names and addresses of previous employers during particular filing years. That information is usually duplicated from tax forms, such as a W-2 (Wage and Tax Statement) or 1099-MISC (Miscellaneous Income Statement), provided by employers or clients. You can also request copies of your prior-year tax returns from the Internal Revenue Service (IRS).Request an earnings record: The Social Security Administration (SSA) keeps track of U.S. employees\u2019 work histories. If you\u2019ve worked in the United States, you can fill out a Request for Social Security Earnings Information form to get details \u2014 including your employers\u2019 names and addresses, the dates you worked for each, and your earnings \u2014 for all the jobs you\u2019ve held during the years you specify. Bear in mind, however, that the SSA charges a $115 fee for the information, and they require 120 days to process the request.Visit your State Unemployment Office: If you worked for an employer based in your state and have applied for unemployment benefits, you can request your work history from your state unemployment agency. The record typically only goes back up to 18 months but is usually provided free of charge.Search other old records: If you live abroad, or previously did, you may not have filed a U.S. tax return or have other official records listing former employers. In this situation, try looking through old documents, such as employment contracts and old pay stubs.Request an employment data report: Not many people know that certain services compile employment data on individuals, which is then sold to organizations that are interested in that information. But you can access that data, too. You can request such a report for free from The Work Number, a subsidiary of credit bureau Equifax that many employers use to screen job applicants.Check your free credit report: Go to AnnualCreditReport.com, a government-endorsed website, and access your free credit report (provided by each of the three major credit bureaus once per year). Each credit report may contain a list of current and\/or past employers if you previously provided that information on a credit application, which the lender then reported to the credit bureaus. If you didn\u2019t, your credit reports most likely won\u2019t show any employment details. But the reports are free, so you have nothing to lose if you just want to check.Have a question about your employment history? With Boundless, you get an independent immigration attorney who will answer all of your questions and review your entire green card application. \n Get started today.\n\n \n Boundless \u2014 for people who want the expertiseof an immigration lawyer, not the price tag.\n \n \n \n Check My Eligibility\n \n \n \n Learn what we do for you\n \n \n \n\nRelated InformationWhat Documents Do We Need for a Marriage Green Card?Completing Your Address History on a Green Card ApplicationImmigration Work Permit: Form I-765, Application for Employment Authorization Document (EAD)Where Do I Get an Employment Verification Letter?Marriage Visa Income RequirementsUnderstanding a Request for Evidence (RFE)Preventing a Request for Evidence (RFE)","excerpt":"What employment history is required for a green card application?When you apply for a green card through marriage, the U.S. government will want to know where you\u2019ve worked for the past five years. If you\u2019re applying from abroad, that period","permalink":"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/immigration-resources\/completing-your-employment-history-on-a-green-card-application\/"},{"id":132,"title":"Biometrics Appointment","subtitle":"What to expect when you get your fingerprints and photograph taken","body":"As part of applying for a marriage green card, you\u2019re required to attend a biometrics appointment. What should you expect?First of all, don\u2019t be intimidated by the word \u201cbiometrics\u201d! During this appointment, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) will simply record your fingerprints and take photos of you. They will then run this information through the FBI database in order to check for any criminal records.For most people, the biometrics appointment shouldn\u2019t be difficult or stressful. Just to make sure you feel prepared, though, here\u2019s what you need to know\u2026What Is the Biometrics Appointment?The biometrics appointment is all about ensuring that the person applying for a green card does not have a serious criminal record or any relevant prior immigration violations. Applicants who are in the United States will attend their biometrics appointment at a local USCIS office, relatively early in the green card application process. Applicants who are abroad will attend a biometrics appointment at the U.S. consulate that is processing their green card application, typically after their green card interview has been scheduled.It\u2019s a relatively straightforward visit, during which the spouse applying for a green card will have his or her fingerprints and photo taken, and will be asked to sign his or her name. The goal is to cross-check the fingerprints, photo, and signature with the FBI\u2019s criminal database, as well as the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) database of non-citizens who have an immigration violation (such as crossing the border illegally).You will not have your blood drawn, nor will there be a DNA test as part of the biometrics appointment for a marriage-based green card. There are some circumstances under which an applicant might be asked to provide a DNA sample\u2014generally if the visa application is based on a blood relationship (parent\/child or sibling\/sibling) and there is ambiguity about that relationship. The goal of a DNA test, if requested by USCIS, is entirely different from the goals of the biometrics appointment.The entire process generally takes 15\u201320 minutes, although you may have to wait beforehand. There is no interview at the biometrics appointment, and the people who take your fingerprints and photo do not have any information about your application, so this is not an appropriate place to ask questions. The people who do the fingerprinting are often not even USCIS employees, but work for separate contractors and don\u2019t necessarily know anything about the immigration process.The biometrics appointment is generally the first milestone to occur after you have filed your green card application package. You might even get the initial appointment notice before you receive confirmation from USCIS that your application package has been processed. The actual appointment, however, is usually scheduled between 5\u20138 weeks after your filing date.There are a couple of things to be aware of as you\u2019re getting ready for your biometrics appointment.First, only the spouse applying for a green card needs to attend the appointment; the sponsoring spouse is not required to come along, although he or she can.Secondly, it\u2019s important to bring the following documents:A photo ID, such as your passport or driver\u2019s license The notice you got from USCIS informing you of the time and place of your biometrics appointment Any other receipt notices you\u2019ve gotten from USCIS Any other documents USCIS has specifically requested on your appointment notice (typically any previous employment authorization documents or travel permits issued to you)You should NOT bring any weapons of any kind to the appointment, and you should not bring food, electronic devices, or cameras into the fingerprinting area.You will not need to bring payment to the biometrics appointment, since you should have already paid the $85 biometrics fee as part of your marriage-based green card application package.What If I Have a Criminal Record?In general, if you have a criminal record, it\u2019s advisable to get legal assistance during the marriage-based green card application process. An attorney will help ensure that you disclose your criminal record in the appropriate parts of your application.The primary goal of USCIS in checking photos and fingerprints against FBI databases isn\u2019t necessarily to deny all green card applications for everyone who has a criminal record, but rather to ensure that applicants have accurately disclosed their criminal records.That said, some types of criminal records could make an applicant ineligible for a marriage-based green card. For more information, see our guide on green card applicants with criminal histories.Why Did I Get a Second Biometrics Appointment Notice?Although you might find yourself getting called to a second biometrics appointment, this usually doesn\u2019t signal any wrongdoing on your part, or indicate that your application will be denied. Here are two common reasons that applicants are asked to attend a second biometrics appointment:The fingerprints were smudged or otherwise not usable. If this happens, or if there is any other error that makes it impossible to use the fingerprints, photo, or signature you provided, you\u2019ll have to go in for a second biometrics appointment. Your biometrics expired before your application was processed. The biometrics and associated background check are valid for 15 months. If it has taken longer than that for USCIS to process your marriage-based green card application, you will have to get your biometrics taken a second time.Don\u2019t underestimate the importance of the biometrics appointment: USCIS will deny your green card application if you miss it without rescheduling ahead of time.But if you plan ahead, the biometrics appointment should be a quick and painless step toward getting your marriage-based green card.Can I Reschedule My Biometrics Appointment?You can reschedule the biometrics appointment, but it\u2019s generally not a good idea to do so unless you absolutely have to\u2014and rescheduling twice is certainly something to avoid. Your green card application will not be denied just because you request to reschedule your biometrics appointment, but it will be denied if you don\u2019t get your fingerprints and photo taken in a timely manner.If something urgent does comes up unexpectedly, you can submit a written request to reschedule your biometrics appointment.The appointment notice includes specific instructions for where this written request should be sent. In most cases, the biometrics appointment will be rescheduled for some time between 3\u20138 weeks after your request is received.Because you will not be able to select a specific date and time that work for you, it\u2019s a good idea to plan on being flexible within the two or three months immediately following your application filing.\n\n \n Boundless \u2014 for people who want the expertiseof an immigration lawyer, not the price tag.\n \n \n \n Check My Eligibility\n \n \n \n Learn what we do for you\n \n \n \nRelated InformationMarriage Green Cards, ExplainedHow is a Fianc\u00e9 Visa Different from a Marriage-Based Green Card?How Long Does It Take to Get a Marriage Green Card in the U.S.?What Are The Costs of a Marriage-Based Green Card?What Documents Do I Need for a Marriage-Based Green Card?What is an Affidavit of Support?Preparing for the Green Card Interview","excerpt":"As part of applying for a marriage green card, you\u2019re required to attend a biometrics appointment. What should you expect?First of all, don\u2019t be intimidated by the word \u201cbiometrics\u201d! During this appointment, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) will simply","permalink":"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/immigration-resources\/biometrics-appointment\/"},{"id":134,"title":"DACA Recipients and Marriage Green Cards","subtitle":"Can beneficiaries of Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals get spousal visas?","body":"If you are currently a DACA (Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals) recipient and are married to a U.S. citizen or green card holder, you may be eligible for a marriage-based green card of your own.This guide can help you understand your options, based on the most common situations. (Boundless also has detailed guides on the consequences of immigration violations for green card applicants and special considerations for undocumented spouses.)Did you have a valid visa when your parents originally brought you to the United States?A DACA recipient who is married to a U.S. citizen and can prove that they \u201coverstayed\u201d their original visa should face no special hurdles in applying for a green card.Let\u2019s say you most recently entered the United States \u201cwith inspection\u201d \u2014 meaning you were inspected by a U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) agent and had a valid visa \u2014 or entered under the Visa Waiver Program, which allows travelers from certain countries to temporarily visit the United States without a visa.But then you \u201coverstayed.\u201d In other words, you remained in the United States after your original visa expired.Your application process for a marriage-based green card should be no different than if you currently had legal immigration status. Unlike many of the scenarios below, you should not have to leave the United States, or apply for a special waiver of inadmissibility, no matter when you obtained DACA.Under these circumstances, Boundless can help guide you through the entire marriage-based green card application process. Read more about \n what you get with Boundless, or \n get started today.IMPORTANT: All of the following scenarios are more complex and likely require more extensive legal representation than the independent attorney review currently available through Boundless.Did you enter the country illegally when your parents originally brought you to the United States?If you are married to a U.S. citizen, and you entered the United States illegally, you may still be able to apply for a green card, but there are many complicating factors to keep in mind:If you have a travel permit (officially called an \u201cAdvance Parole Travel Document\u201d): You may be able to leave the United States, return legally (\u201cwith inspection\u201d), and then apply for a marriage-based green card from within the United States.If you applied for DACA before turning age 18 (or within 180 days after turning 18): You should be able to return to your country of origin and apply for a green card through a U.S. embassy or consulate, just as anyone would do if they were living abroad and applying for a green card based on marriage to a U.S. citizen.If you have no travel permit and spent more than 180 days between turning 18 and applying for DACA: You are generally required to leave the United States to apply for a green card at a U.S. embassy or consulate \u2014 and you will also be subject to a bar from re-entering the United States, for up to 10 years.To return to the United States without this years-long delay, before leaving you must first obtain a \u201cProvisional Unlawful Presence Waiver\u201d (Form I-601A). To qualify for this waiver, you must prove to the U.S. government that your spouse would suffer from \u201cextreme hardship\u201d if you are not allowed to live together in the United States, and you must provide a compelling reason why you and your spouse cannot live together in your country of origin.If you have entered the United States illegally more than once: You may be permanently barred from re-entering the United States, with no possibility of a waiver.If you are married to a U.S. green card holder (a permanent resident but not a U.S. citizen), you won\u2019t be able to apply for a green card from inside the United States \u2014 even if you and your parents had valid visas when you first arrived, and even if you have a travel permit.If you applied for DACA before turning age 18 (or within 180 days after turning 18): You should be able to return to your country of origin and apply for a green card through a U.S. embassy or consulate, just as anyone would do if they were living abroad and applying for a green card based on marriage to a U.S. green card holder.This process, however, takes significantly longer than for spouses of U.S. citizens \u2014 currently about\u00a023-32 months. This is because you will have to wait for a visa to become available in the visa bulletin before the final processing of your green card application can be completed in your country of origin.If you spent more than 180 days between turning age 18 and applying for DACA: You must leave the United States to apply for a green card at a U.S. embassy or consulate \u2014 but you will also be subject to a bar from re-entering the United States, for up to 10 years. Just as if you were married to a U.S. citizen and entered the United States illegally (see above), you therefore must also obtain a \u201cProvisional Unlawful Presence Waiver\u201d (Form I-601A) in order to leave and re-enter the United States without this years-long delay.The whole process will take significantly longer than for spouses of U.S. citizens, however \u2014 currently about\u00a023-32 months. This is because you will have to wait for a visa to become available in the visa bulletin before applying for the waiver and then traveling back to your country of origin.If you have entered the United States illegally more than once: You may be permanently barred from re-entering the United States, with no possibility of a waiver.As mentioned earlier, unless you had a valid visa when your parents originally brought you to the United States, and you are married to a U.S. citizen, your situation will likely require more extensive legal representation than an independent attorney review from Boundless.The American Immigration Lawyers Association (AILA) can help you find a licensed immigration attorney near you. Alternatively, the U.S. Department of Justice accredits certain nonprofit organizations that provide low-cost or free immigration-related legal services.\n\n \n Boundless can help most DACA recipients who are married to U.S. citizens and entered the United States with a valid visa.\n \n \n \n GET STARTED NOW\n \n \n \n Learn what we do for you\n \n \n \n\nRelated InformationGreen Card Sponsors with Criminal RecordsGreen Card Applicants with Criminal RecordsOverstays, Unlawful Presence, and Illegal EntrySponsoring a Spouse Who Entered the U.S. IllegallyGay Marriage Green Cards","excerpt":"If you are currently a DACA (Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals) recipient and are married to a U.S. citizen or green card holder, you may be eligible for a marriage-based green card of your own.This guide can help you understand","permalink":"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/immigration-resources\/daca-recipients-and-marriage-green-cards\/"},{"id":135,"title":"The DS-260 and DS-261 Online Forms, Explained","subtitle":"How to navigate the State Department's system for processing marriage green card applications","body":"What is the DS-260?Anyone who is applying for a marriage-based green card\u00a0from outside the United States needs to file the DS-260 online form, which is handled through the National Visa Center (NVC) and your local U.S. embassy or consulate. The DS-260 is technically called an \u201cimmigrant visa application\u201d (where \u201cimmigrant\u201d means a permanent resident, not a tourist or other person who is only traveling to the United States on a temporary basis).What is the DS-261?The DS-261 is a relatively simple online form that tells the State Department how to communicate with you during your green card application process.What is the National Visa Center?The National Visa Center (NVC) is a U.S. government office in Portsmouth, New Hampshire that processes all green card applications for people who are living outside of the United States and applying through their local U.S. embassy or consulate.Once U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) approves your family sponsorship form (the I-130), they will forward this approved paperwork to the National Visa Center. At this point, your marriage-based green card case is transferred from USCIS (which is part of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security)\u00a0to the NVC (which is part of the U.S. Department of State).Not sure if you qualify for a marriage-based green card? You can \n check your eligibility through Boundless without providing any personal or financial information. When you\u2019re ready to apply, Boundless can guide you through every milestone of the marriage-based green card process, starting with your Form I-130 all the way to the finish line. \n Learn more, or \n get started today.The first step in this process is to file the family sponsorship form (I-130) with USCIS, along with supporting documents. The sponsoring spouse will generally get a receipt notice in the mail from USCIS within about two weeks. Assuming that USCIS has all of the information that it needs, they will usually approve or deny this sponsorship petition within 7-15 months, depending on your situation. When approved, USCIS will forward your paperwork to the National Visa Center.the NVC takes the caseOnce the National Visa Center (NVC) receives your approved paperwork from USCIS, they will send you a welcome notice by mail or email, depending on which notification method you choose. This notice will include your case number, a beneficiary ID number, and an invoice number. The beneficiary ID number is a unique number that the NVC assigns to each beneficiary in a case (e.g. the spouse seeking the green card). You\u2019ll need all of these numbers in order to submit the online forms and fees described below at the NVC\u2019s Consular Electronic Application Center.For spouses of U.S. citizens, the NVC starts processing your case immediately after receiving it from USCIS. For spouses of U.S. green card holders, the NVC will hold the case until the \u201cpriority date\u201d for the case appears in the State Department\u2019s visa bulletin (typically 8-10 months later). In this scenario, the NVC will send you a notice (by mail or email) stating that \u201cvisas are not currently available for your visa category\u201d and that you should watch the visa bulletin to monitor progress.The DS-261 and Required FeesThe next step is to file the DS-261 form (technically called the \u201cOnline Choice of Address and Agent\u201d). This is a relatively simple form that tells the State Department how to communicate with you, and there is no fee to file it. It can take up to three weeks for the NVC to process the DS-261.Once the NVC has processed your DS-261, you will need to pay two required fees online, for a total of $445: the State Department\u2019s application processing fee ($325) and the financial support form fee ($120). You will know that your DS-261 has been processed when the fee invoices become available at the NVC\u2019s Consular Electronic Application Center. It can take up to a week for the NVC to process your payment.For the flat rate of $750 (separate from the required government fees above), Boundless helps you complete your entire marriage-based green card (spousal visa) application \u2014 including all required forms and supporting documents, independent attorney review, and support \u2014 from the moment your application is filed until you receive your green card. \n Learn more, or \n check your eligibility without providing any personal or financial information.Once your payment has been processed, you can go online to file the DS-260 (immigrant visa application). This is the primary green card application for spouses living abroad, and is administered by the Department of State.DS-260 filing tipsTo begin, you\u2019ll need your case number, beneficiary ID number, and invoice number from the original welcome notice that the NVC sent you. The entire DS-260 online form must be filled out in English. If you are submitting addresses or names that aren\u2019t in the Roman alphabet, you must transliterate them. Make sure you include information about all of your children\u2014including stepchildren, adopted children, and biological children\u2014no matter how old they are, and whether or not they will be immigrating to the United States with you. Make sure to list all addresses where you\u2019ve physically lived since the age of 16, not only addresses you\u2019ve used as an official permanent address. For example, if you continued to use your parents\u2019 address as your permanent address when you were in college, even though you weren\u2019t living there, you\u2019ll need to include the addresses where you actually lived. It can take several months for the green card to actually arrive at your address in the United States, so make sure that the mailing address you provide will be valid throughout that time. You can\u2019t correct the DS-260 after you\u2019ve submitted it online. Ideally, you should make sure that all of your information is correct the first time. However, if you discover a mistake after submitting your DS-260, you may simply inform the consular officer at your interview about the mistake and ask to have it corrected at that time. Once you\u2019ve submitted the DS-260 online, you must print the confirmation page so you can bring it to your visa interview at the U.S. consulate.Boundless stays with you until the green card finish line, helping you keep on top of interview preparation, follow-on forms, and every other important milestone along your immigration journey. \n Learn more, or \n check your eligibility for free.After you submit your DS-260, the NVC will send out a notice (again via mail or email) confirming receipt of your DS-260, usually on the same day. You will then need to submit your supporting documents to the NVC as well.Depending on which consulate is processing the application, you will either upload, email, or mail all of the supporting documents to the NVC. The NVC is responsible for gathering all the forms and documents needed to process your green card application and forwarding them to the consulate. The consulate is responsible for scheduling and conducting your immigrant visa interview and making a final decision on your immigrant visa petition.It\u2019s important to submit these documents in the way the NVC instructs you to\u2014some U.S. consulates require physical copies, while others allow for emailing or uploading digital copies.Documents from the applicant spouse:Proof of your nationality (copy of birth certificate and passport photo page) Copy of your marriage certificate Copy of marriage termination documents (divorce or death certificate), if you had any prior marriages Copy of your military record, if you have served Copy of police certificates showing any past infractions or lack thereof. These certificates, also called \u201cpolice clearance letters,\u201d must be obtained from: Any place in your home country where you lived for at least six months after age 16 Any place outside of your home country where you lived for at least one year after age 16 Any jurisdiction where you\u2019ve ever been arrested or charged with a crime, regardless of how long you lived there or what age you were at the timedocuments from the sponsoring spouse:Proof of your ability to support your spouse in the United States\u2014for more details, see this article on the Affidavit of Support (Form I-864) Copy of marriage termination documents (divorce or death certificate), if you had any prior marriagesExtra tipsDepending on your case and the U.S. consulate processing your application, there might be additional documents required. That\u2019s why it\u2019s always a good idea to carefully check the notice you receive from the NVC for any special requirements. It\u2019s important that you submit all of your supporting documents in one package. You should only submit copies of your official documents, not originals. Be prepared to bring the originals to your green card interview at the U.S. consulate.Boundless prints out your completed green card application package, assembles it precisely how the government prefers, and mails it to your doorstep. We even provide the envelope and cover the shipping fee. Learn more about \n our services, or \n check your eligibility today.Once you\u2019ve sent your supporting documents, it generally takes 1-2 months before your visa interview is scheduled. You\u2019ll receive a notice from either the NVC or your local U.S. consulate informing you of your interview time and date.Once your visa is approved, you will receive an immigrant visa stamp in your passport. At this point, the USCIS Immigrant Fee ($220) can be paid online here. This fee is required for USCIS to produce and mail the physical green card.It is best to pay this fee online as soon as you receive the visa stamp, so that you can receive your physical green card soon after you arrive in the United States. You will use the immigrant visa stamp to enter the United States, and you should receive your physical green card at your U.S. address typically within 3\u20134 weeks of entry.The DS-260 and DS-261 are key requirements on the way to obtaining a marriage-based green card for anyone applying from outside the United States. By reading the instructions and following the directions carefully, you can increase the likelihood that your application process will go smoothly and end with an approved green card.Boundless not only makes it easy for you to complete your marriage-based green card application, but we can also help you get ready for your green card interview and respond to government questions. \n Learn more, or \n check your eligibility for a marriage-based green card without any obligation.\n\n \n Boundless \u2014 for people who want the expertiseof an immigration lawyer, not the price tag.\n \n \n \n Check My Eligibility\n \n \n \n Learn what we do for you\n \n \n \n","excerpt":"What is the DS-260?Anyone who is applying for a marriage-based green card\u00a0from outside the United States needs to file the DS-260 online form, which is handled through the National Visa Center (NVC) and your local U.S. embassy or consulate. The","permalink":"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/immigration-resources\/the-ds260-and-ds261-online-forms\/"},{"id":3987,"title":"How to Change Your Status from an F-1 Visa to a Green Card through Marriage","subtitle":"Navigating from F-1 student status to a spousal visa","body":"If you\u2019re an F-1 student who recently married a U.S. citizen or green card holder (permanent resident), you can apply for a marriage-based green card to stay and live with your spouse in the United States. This process is officially known as \u201cadjustment of status.\u201dBefore applying, it\u2019s important to be aware of your eligibility and any potential issues you may face in the process. It\u2019s also crucial to understand how timing can affect the success of your\u00a0application.In this guide, we\u2019ll cover these important details to help you determine the best approach based on your situation.Boundless can help you transition from F-1 student to marriage green card holder, making it easy to complete your green card application and avoid common problems. Learn more about \n what you get with Boundless, or \n get started today!As mentioned earlier, timing makes a big difference in the outcome of a marriage-based green card\u00a0application.When evaluating this type of application, immigration officers apply a special guideline called the \u201c90-day rule\u201d to determine whether a spouse seeking a green card was truthful about their original intention for coming to the United States.In short, if you apply for a green card during your first 90 days in the United States, the U.S. government will presume that you \u201cwillfully misrepresented\u201d your intentions for coming \u2014 that is, that you had no plan of returning to your home country before your F-1 visa expired.You may still be able to convince the U.S. government that you originally intended to honor the terms of your student visa, but you\u2019ll be facing an uphill battle. Please see this article for more details on the 90-day rule.Calculating 90 daysTo determine when that 90 days would conclude, find the date of your most recent entry to the United States by checking your I-94 travel record (officially called the \u201cForm I-94 Arrival\/Departure Record\u201d), then add 90 days. For example, if the entry date on your I-94 is January 1, 2018, 90 days later would be April 1, 2018.It\u2019s important to note that the 90-day rule applies only to your most recent entry to the United States.If, for instance, you first entered the United States with a B-2 visitor (tourist) visa\u00a0and\u00a0then returned to the United States with an F-1 visa, the 90-day rule would apply to the date you entered the United States with the F-1 visa.But let\u2019s say you entered with a B-2 visa, then applied and were approved for an F-1 student visa before your B-2 visa expired and while you were still in the United States. In this case, the 90-day rule would apply to the date you entered with a B-2 visa, not the date when you obtained an F-1 visa.Do you have confidential questions about how your situation might affect your green card application? With Boundless, you get an independent immigration attorney who can help you understand your options. \n Learn more, or \n get started today.There are two different pathways for transitioning from international student to marriage green card holder. The path you must follow depends on whether you are married to a U.S. citizen or to a green card holder.Let\u2019s discuss each path in more detail:Path 1: If you\u2019re married to a U.S. citizenYou must follow the same procedure for most other spouses living in the United States and married to a U.S. citizen. You and your spouse will first need to file the following forms \u2014 typically at the same time (filing these separately is an option but would be unusual in most cases):The family sponsorship form\u00a0\u2014 or Form I-130 (officially called the \u201cPetition for Alien Relative\u201d) \u2014 to be completed and signed by your spouse who is a U.S. citizen The green card application\u00a0\u2014 or Form I-485 (officially called the \u201cApplication to Register Permanent Residence or Adjust Status\u201d) \u2014 to be completed and signed by you, the F-1 studentAs long as you married your U.S.-citizen spouse \u201cin good faith\u201d \u2014 that is, you did not marry for the sole purpose of obtaining a green card, which you\u2019ll need to prove to the U.S. government \u2014 you should be able to receive your green card within\u00a010\u00a0to\u00a013\u00a0months from the time USCIS receives your application package.IMPORTANT: While your Form I-485 is pending, you must not travel outside the United States until you\u2019ve obtained a travel permit. Otherwise, the U.S. government will consider your marriage-based green card application \u201cabandoned,\u201d and you will need to start the application process all over again.Avoiding the 90-day ruleThe best way to avoid triggering the 90-day rule in this situation is to wait at least 90 days after last entering the United States before applying for a marriage-based green card (submitting forms I-130 and I-485 together or submitting Form I-485 separately). Form I-130 can be filed on its own at any time before or after the 90 days is up and will not trigger the 90-day rule \u2014 but again, it\u2019s unusual to file these forms separately.If you aren\u2019t married already, it\u2019s also generally a good idea to wait 90 days since your last entry to get married.If you apply \u2014 that is, if you file Form I-485 \u2014 within 90 days of your last entry, the immigration officer evaluating your marriage-based green card application will presume \u201cwillful misrepresentation\u201d \u2014 that is, they will likely suspect that you had intended to live permanently in the United States when you applied for a temporary student visa.Proving that your plans changedOvercoming the U.S. government\u2019s presumption of \u201cwillful misrepresentation\u201d can be difficult but not impossible. To prove that you did not misrepresent your original intention for obtaining an F-1 visa, you could provide documentation that a job or internship is waiting for you in your home country upon your return, for instance. See this article for other ways to demonstrate to the U.S. government that you have commitments and strong ties to your home country.Boundless can help you respond to government questions and prepare for your green card interview. Learn more about \n what Boundless does, or \n start your application now.Path 2: If you\u2019re married to a green card holderAs the first step in this process, your spouse who is a green card holder must file the family sponsorship form, or Form I-130 (officially called the \u201cPetition for Alien Relative\u201d). Once the Form I-130 is approved, you must wait to receive a visa number. (Only once your visa number becomes available will you be able to apply for a marriage-based green card. Visa numbers are immediately available to spouses of U.S. citizens but not to spouses of green card holders.)The next step depends on whether your visa number becomes available before or after your F-1 visa expires:If a visa number becomes available before your F-1 visa expires, you will be able to stay in the United States and follow the same green card application process for most other spouses living in the United States and married to a green card holder using Form I-485 (officially called the \u201cApplication to Register Permanent Residence or Adjust Status\u201d).Once your marriage-based green card application is approved, your physical green card will arrive, typically\u00a029 to\u00a038 months after USCIS originally received your Form I-130.If a visa number will become available after your F-1 visa expires, you will need to leave the United States and follow the same green card application process for most other spouses living abroad and married to a green card holder using the online green card application, or\u00a0Form DS-260 (officially called the \u201cImmigrant Visa Electronic Application\u201d).Once your marriage-based green card application is approved, you will typically receive your physical green card\u00a023 to\u00a032 months after USCIS originally received your Form I-130.You must follow this procedure unless you can secure an extension of your F-1 visa or get a different type of temporary visa (such as a B-2 visitor visa) to stay legally in the United States, in which case you must follow the the process for spouses living in the United States and married to a green card holder.If your spouse who is a green card holder becomes a U.S. citizen while you are waiting for a visa number, you can switch to the process described in Path 1 above.Avoiding the 90-day ruleAs would be the case if you married a U.S. citizen (see \u201cPath 1\u201d above), the best way to avoid triggering the 90-day rule in this situation is to wait at least 90 days after last entering the United States before applying for a marriage-based green card (submitting Form I-485 only).If you aren\u2019t married already, it\u2019s also generally a good idea to wait 90 days since your last entry to get married.If your visa number will not become available before your F-1 visa is set to expire, the next logical step is to apply for an extension of your F-1 visa status \u2014 or apply for another type of visa \u2014 in order to continue residing legally in the United States while you wait for your green card.Otherwise, you must leave the United States before your current visa expires and continue the marriage-based green card process from abroad.Boundless can guide you through every important milestone in the marriage-based green card process. \n Let\u2019s get started!If your visa expires and you do not leave the United StatesBe careful not to \u201coverstay\u201d \u2014 that is, to remain in the United States past the expiration date of your visa. Overstaying is an immigration violation that could bar you from re-entering the United States for several years, depending on how long you remained in the United States without a valid visa.If you\u2019ve overstayed, it\u2019s a good idea to leave the United States within six months following your F-1 visa\u2019s expiration date in order to avoid being barred from re-entering. If you overstay for six months or longer, you will not be able to return to the United States for three years. If you overstay for more than one year, you will be barred from the United States for 10 years.If, however, you\u2019ve overstayed and your spouse who is a green card holder becomes a U.S. citizen before you leave the United States, you can generally then switch to the process described in Path 1 above.\u00a0Any amount of time that you overstayed would then be waived as a benefit of being married to a U.S. citizen. It\u2019s important to be aware, however, that new USCIS policy may increase risks of overstaying, even for spouses of U.S. citizens (please read full details in this policy alert).Returning from a short trip abroad after filing Form I-130As discussed earlier, Form I-130 can be filed on its own before or after the 90 days is up and will not trigger the 90-day rule.But if you file Form I-130, and afterward you travel abroad with F-1 status and return with that same status, you may have trouble re-entering the United States. That\u2019s because immigration officers at U.S. borders and ports of entry (where you would physically enter the United States) have much discretion when screening travelers from abroad. If the immigration officer screening you discovers that you have a spouse in the United States, they are likely to suspect that you intend to live here permanently, which would conflict with the terms of your temporary F-1 visa. In such a case, they may deny you entry or even revoke your F-1 visa, and you likely would need to return to your home country.You would be able to continue the\u00a0marriage-based green card process from abroad at that point. But later, you\u2019d need to prove to the U.S. government that you did not intend to deceive immigration officers when you returned to the United States as an F-1 student who was married to a U.S. green card holder.With Boundless, you get the confidence of an\u00a0independent immigration attorney\u00a0who will review all of your materials and answer any questions you have \u2014 for no additional fee. \n Learn more, or \n start your application today.Getting your green cardNot all marriage-based green cards are created equal. The type of green card you receive \u2014 temporary or permanent \u2014 will depend on how long you\u2019ve been married to your spouse at the time your application is approved. See this article for more details.Working in the United StatesAs you probably already know, F-1 students can apply for up to 12 months of Optional Practical Training (OPT) \u2014 more commonly known as \u201con-the-job training\u201d in the United States \u2014 either before or (more typically) after completing their academic studies. During this period, graduates are authorized to work with a U.S. employer in their field, and their F-1 visa will remain valid. (Graduates with degrees in STEM \u2014 science, technology, engineering, and math \u2014 may stay for an extra 24 months of OPT, for a total of three years.)Once OPT ends, the F-1 visa will expire, and the graduate will need to return to their home country unless they apply and get approved for another visa to continue living in the United States.If you are working through the OPT program when you apply for a marriage-based green card, you may generally continue working under your F-1 visa.After submitting your marriage-based green card application, however, you will receive a new work permit (officially called the \u201cEmployment Authorization Document,\u201d or EAD) within about 150 days (in some cases longer due to a rising backlog of work permit applications at USCIS). Unlike the work authorization tied to your F-1 status and OPT plan, this new work permit allows you to work for any U.S. employer. You can either continue working with your OPT employer or seek new employment. In either case, you must use your new work permit to be legally employed in the United States. Once you receive your marriage-based green card, you will no longer need a separate work permit. As a permanent resident, you can work for any U.S. employer.With Boundless, you get a professionally assembled green card application package \u2014 including your work permit application \u2014 arranged in the precise format the government prefers. \n Let\u2019s begin!\n\n \n Boundless \u2014 for people who want the expertiseof an immigration lawyer, not the price tag.\n \n \n \n Check My Eligibility\n \n \n \n Learn what we do for you\n \n \n \nRelated informationHow to Change Your Status from a J-1 Visa to a Green Card through MarriageMarriage Green Cards, ExplainedStart-to-Finish Marriage Green Card GuidesHow Do We Prove Our Marriage Is Real?How Long Does It Take to Get a Marriage Green Card?The Marriage Green Card Interview, ExplainedGreen Cards and Prior Immigration Violations","excerpt":"If you\u2019re an F-1 student who recently married a U.S. citizen or green card holder (permanent resident), you can apply for a marriage-based green card to stay and live with your spouse in the United States. This process is officially","permalink":"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/immigration-resources\/how-to-change-status-from-f-1-visa-to-green-card-through-marriage\/"},{"id":5284,"title":"Dual Citizenship, Explained","subtitle":"How to get dual citizenship in the United States","body":"What is dual citizenship?Dual citizenship \u2014 or dual nationality \u2014 means being a citizen of two countries simultaneously and sharing the rights and responsibilities of the citizens in each country. Not every country allows dual citizenship, and the rules vary among those that do.Does the United States allow dual citizenship?Yes, practically speaking. The U.S. government does not require naturalized U.S. citizens to relinquish citizenship in their country of origin. Although the Oath of Allegiance to the United States speaks of renouncing \u201callegiance and fidelity\u201d to other nations, U.S. immigration law does not explicitly address the topic of dual citizenship. The best summarization of the U.S. government\u2019s position on dual citizenship lies in a U.S. Supreme Court opinion, which explains that \u201ca person may have and exercise rights of nationality in two countries and be subject to the responsibilities of both.\u201d The U.S. Department of State also has a more technical discussion of dual citizenship.Just because the United States allows dual citizenship, however, doesn\u2019t necessarily mean your country of origin does, too. Some countries, such as China and India, will not recognize your status as a naturalized American on their soil. You may even lose your citizenship automatically in those countries upon becoming a U.S. citizen. It\u2019s therefore important to understand the dual citizenship rules in your country of origin before pursuing U.S. citizenship.In this guide, you will learn:The rights and responsibilities of dual citizens in the United States How to get dual citizenship The dual citizenship rules of various countriesReady to apply for U.S. citizenship? You can \n check your eligibility through Boundless without providing any personal or financial information. Boundless can then guide you through every milestone of the naturalization process, starting with your N-400 application all the way to the finish line. \n Learn more, or \n start your application now.Having U.S. citizenship, in addition to citizenship in another country, provides many advantages that could help you meet certain goals. It\u2019s important to be aware, however, of the obligations you would be taking on as a naturalized American. (Our detailed guide to the rights and duties of U.S. citizens also has more information for those who seek only U.S. citizenship, not dual citizenship.)Rights of dual citizens in the United StatesYou can work anywhere. You can apply for employment anywhere in the United States without first obtaining a work visa. As a dual citizen, however, you could be overlooked for certain federal jobs, which often require a security clearance and the ability to maintain confidentiality of classified state information. That could be a challenge if you\u2019re also loyal to a nation that has conflicting interests with the United States.You can travel without restrictions. You can travel abroad for as long as you\u2019d like without any risk of losing your U.S. citizenship. And if you plan to stay outside of the United States for longer than a year, you won\u2019t need a re-entry permit in order to return, as is the case for green card holders (permanent residents).You can obtain green cards for your family. Your parents, adult children, and siblings can apply for their own green cards.You can vote. You can vote in any U.S. election. In the United States, only citizens are allowed to vote in federal elections.You can attend school. You can enroll in a U.S. school without a student visa and without paying international student tuition rates.You can access public benefits, if necessary. Assuming you meet the eligibility requirements, you can apply for public benefits, including access to tuition assistance that\u2019s available only to U.S. citizens.Obligations of dual citizens in the United StatesYou must pay U.S. taxes for life. As a U.S. citizen, you must file (and pay, if necessary) U.S. income and other taxes for life \u2014 even for income you earn outside of the United States \u2014 regardless of where you live. This means that you could owe taxes on the same income to both the United States and to your other country of citizenship unless that country has an agreement with the United States that allows dual citizens to avoid \u201cdouble taxation.\u201dYou must disclose any previous encounters with law enforcement. U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) officers who evaluate citizenship applications scrutinize to applicants\u2019 backgrounds very heavily. Certain types of violations, such as immigration fraud, drug abuse, or domestic violence, could expose you to the possibility of deportation. If you\u2019re concerned about your history with law enforcement, it\u2019s important to seek legal help before applying for naturalization.You must serve in the military if required by law. All males who have lived in the United States or received a green card between the ages of 18 and 26 \u2014 unless they had an immigration status other than \u201cgreen card holder\u201d \u2014 are required to register with the Selective Service System. In case of war, a U.S. citizen must serve in the U.S. military (in combat or otherwise) if called upon to do so by the government.You must serve on a jury when summoned. Jury duty is mandatory for all U.S. citizens. You may not necessarily need to serve, however. The judge and attorneys in a legal proceeding must select you as a jury panelist in order to actually serve. The selection process happens after you are summoned to court.Want to save thousands of dollars on legal fees? For the flat rate of $395, Boundless helps you complete your entire naturalization application, including all supporting documents, independent attorney review, and support from the moment you file your application until you obtain U.S. citizenship. \n Check your eligibility through Boundless without disclosing any personal or financial information. Or \n learn more about our services.How can I obtain dual citizenship in the United States?There is no application or form available to file for \u201cdual citizenship\u201d in the United States. Obtaining dual citizenship simply means applying for a second citizenship.Before you apply for U.S. citizenship as your second citizenship status, it\u2019s crucial to contact the embassy or consulate of your country of origin to find out whether that country allows dual citizenship in the first place. Otherwise, you may lose your citizenship in that country without knowing.Once you\u2019ve determined that your country of origin will recognize your U.S. citizenship status, you will need to make sure you\u2019ve satisfied all naturalization requirements (unless you qualify for U.S. citizenship through a parent). You can then begin the naturalization process by submitting Form N-400 (officially called the \u201cApplication for Naturalization\u201d) to U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS).Our detailed guide to the naturalization process explains the rest of the steps, eligibility criteria, requirements, costs, and more.\n\n \n Boundless \u2014 for people who want the expertiseof an immigration lawyer, not the price tag.\n \n \n \n Check Your Eligibility\n \n \n \n Learn what we do for you\n \n \n \nWhen should I apply for dual citizenship?You can apply any time after meeting the eligibility requirements for naturalization, which is usually 3\u20135 years after getting a green card.How long is the process?Filing your citizenship application with USCIS is only the first step of the process. Overall, naturalization can take up to 1.6 years, depending on the USCIS field office that receives your application and how soon you start the process. (See our detailed guide to the naturalization timeline for more information.)For the flat rate of $395, Boundless helps you complete your entire naturalization application, including all forms and supporting documents, independent attorney review, and support from the moment your application is filed until you obtain U.S. citizenship. Learn more about \n our services, or \n get started today. Not sure if you qualify for citizenship? \n Check your eligibility through Boundless without providing any personal or financial information.Two-thirds of the world\u2019s countries allowed dual citizenship in 2015. Their rules, however, are not uniform. The following table lists the 10 countries with the highest green card holder populations who are eligible to naturalize in the United States, as well as whether those countries recognize dual citizenship:Country of Birth Recognizes Dual U.S. Citizenship? More Information Canada Yes Canadian citizens who naturalize in the United States may keep their Canadian citizenship. (See more info about dual citizenship in the USA and Canada.) China No Chinese citizens who naturalize in the United States automatically lose their Chinese citizenship. (See more info about dual citizenship in the USA and China.) Cuba Uncertain It is unclear from both official and unofficial sources whether Cuban citizens who naturalize in the United States would automatically lose their Cuban citizenship. The U.S. Embassy in Cuba does, however, acknowledge that some U.S. citizens are also Cuban citizens. U.S. citizens who were born in Cuba will be treated by the Cuban government as Cuban citizens. (See more info about dual citizenship in the USA and Cuba.) Dominican Republic Yes Dominican citizens who naturalize in the United States may keep their Dominican citizenship. Dual citizens, however, may not run for Dominican president or vice president and will not be recognized as Dominican diplomats or consuls by the U.S. government. (See more info about dual citizenship in the USA and the Dominican Republic.) El Salvador Yes Salvadoran citizens who naturalize in the United States may keep their Salvadoran citizenship only if they were born in El Salvador. (See more info about dual citizenship in the USA and El Salvador.) India Not entirely Indian citizens who naturalize in the United States automatically lose their Indian citizenship but may register as an \u201cOverseas Citizen of India\u201d (OCI). OCIs receive a multi-entry permanent visa, are exempt from registering as foreign nationals, and are entitled to all rights of non-resident Indians but have no political rights in India. (See more info about dual citizenship in the USA and India.) Mexico Yes Mexican citizens who naturalize in the United States may keep their Mexican nationality but may not vote and may not run or serve in public office in Mexico. Those who obtained U.S. citizenship before 1998, however, automatically lost their Mexican nationality and needed to apply within 5 years to reclaim it. (See more info about dual citizenship in the USA and Mexico.) Philippines Yes Filipino citizens who naturalize in the United States automatically lose their Filipino citizenship, but natural-born Filipinos may apply to reclaim it. (See more info about about dual citizenship in the USA and the Philippines .) United Kingdom Yes British citizens who naturalize in the United States may keep their British citizenship. (See more info about dual citizenship in the USA and the U.K.) Vietnam Yes Vietnamese citizens who naturalize in the United States automatically lose their Vietnamese citizenship but may apply to reclaim it. (See more info about dual citizenship in the USA and Vietnam.) IMPORTANT: The above list was compiled using research from official and unofficial sources and is intended for informational purposes only. Dual citizenship laws are often complex and can change at any time. As such, Boundless cannot guarantee that the information above is accurate and\/or current. It is therefore best to consult the embassy or consulate of your country of origin to learn about its most current dual citizenship policy before applying for naturalization in the United States.Boundless turns all the government requirements for naturalization into simple questions you can answer online, typically in under an hour \u2014 compared with days or weeks the traditional way. We make it easy to complete your naturalization application and avoid common problems. \n Learn more, or \n get started today. You can also \n check your citizenship eligibility through Boundless without providing any personal or financial information.\n\n \n Boundless \u2014 for people who want the expertiseof an immigration lawyer, not the price tag.\n \n \n \n Check Your Eligibility\n \n \n \n Learn what we do for you\n \n \n \nRELATED INFORMATIONHow to Avoid Common Naturalization TrapsHow to Complete the Application for Naturalization (Form N-400)Supporting Documents Needed to Apply for CitizenshipThe Benefits of American CitizenshipU.S. Citizenship RequirementsWhat Is the Cost of Applying for Naturalization?The U.S. Citizenship TimelineGetting Ready for Your Naturalization InterviewCommon Questions to Expect in Your Citizenship InterviewGetting Ready for Your Naturalization ExamThe Oath of Allegiance Ceremony of NaturalizationImmigration FAQ","excerpt":"What is dual citizenship?Dual citizenship \u2014 or dual nationality \u2014 means being a citizen of two countries simultaneously and sharing the rights and responsibilities of the citizens in each country. Not every country allows dual citizenship, and the rules vary","permalink":"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/immigration-resources\/dual-citizenship\/"},{"id":4525,"title":"The Green Card, Explained","subtitle":"A field guide to the different types of green cards for U.S. permanent residence ","body":"What is a green card?A green card allows a non-U.S. citizen to gain permanent residence in the United States. Many people from outside the United States want a green card because it would allow them to live and work (lawfully) anywhere in the United States and qualify for U.S. citizenship after three or five years.The green card (officially called the \u201cPermanent Resident Card,\u201d or Form I-551)Every year, the U.S. government issues more than a million green cards. Most are given to family members of U.S. citizens and current green card holders, followed by workers from other countries seeking employment in the United States as the next biggest group of recipients.But there are many other categories of green cards. This field guide provides a basic overview of the most common types and who can apply for them.Boundless can help spouses of U.S. citizens and current green card holders with their marriage-based green card application. We turn all the required government forms into simple questions you can answer online \u2014 typically in under two hours. \n Learn more, or \n get started today.Close relatives of U.S. citizens and current green card holders may apply for family-based green cards of their own. Eligible family members include spouses, children, parents, and siblings (as well as the spouses and children of those spouses, adult children, and siblings).Also included in this category are widows and widowers who were married to a U.S. citizen at the time the citizen died. Like spouses of living U.S. citizens and current green card holders who apply for a marriage-based green card, widows and widowers must prove that their marriage was authentic in order to receive a green card.Many extended family members \u2014 cousins, aunts and uncles, and grandparents \u2014 do not qualify. They may apply for a green card only if they, too, have a closer relative who is a U.S. citizen or current green card holder (or qualify for one of the other types of green cards below).Boundless can help you obtain a marriage-based green card. We make it easy to complete your green card application and avoid common problems. Learn more about \n what Boundless does, or \n start your application today.Within the employment-based green card category, multiple subcategories of workers can apply for permanent residence. In some cases, their spouses and children may qualify for a green card, as well.The following table lists the employment-based subcategories and the types of jobs that fall under them:Category Jobs included Priority workers (EB-1) Positions in the arts, sciences, education, business, and athletics that require extraordinary* ability Outstanding professors and researchers Multinational managers and executives Professionals with advanced degrees and exceptional abilities (EB-2) Positions requiring at least a master\u2019s degree Positions requiring at least a baccalaureate (bachelor\u2019s) degree, plus at least five years\u2019 relevant experience Positions in the sciences, arts, or business requiring exceptional* ability Positions of national interest Physicians (EB-2 with a special waiver) Physicians who agree to work full-time in underserved areas for a specific period and meet other eligibility criteria Skilled, unskilled, and professional workers (EB-3) Skilled positions that require a minimum of two years\u2019 training or experience that is not temporary or seasonal Unskilled positions that require less than two years\u2019 training or experience that is not temporary or seasonal Professional positions that require at least a baccalaureate (bachelor\u2019s) degree from a U.S. university or college or the equivalent of this degree from a non-U.S. school Special workers (EB-4) Media professionals Religious workers and ministers Afghanistan and Iraq nationals who have served the U.S. government under certain capacities Certain other employees, retirees, and their family members Investors (EB-5) Non-U.S. nationals who have invested or are investing at least $1 million (or $500,000 in a high-unemployment or rural area) in a new U.S. business that will create full-time positions for at least 10 workers *Extraordinary ability is demonstrated \u201cthrough sustained national or international acclaim. Your achievements must be recognized in your field through extensive documentation,\u201d according to U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS).**Exceptional ability refers to \u201ca degree of expertise significantly above that ordinarily encountered\u201d in your field.For refugees and asyleesPeople who fear, or have experienced, persecution in their home country \u2014 because of their race, religion, nationality, political opinion, or membership in a particular social group \u2014 can seek protection in the United States by applying for a visa from abroad (to come as refugees) or from within the United States (to remain as asylees).Once they have physically lived in the United States for at least one year since receiving refugee status or asylum, they may apply for a green card. Children and spouses (and in some cases, other family members) of refugees and asylees may also seek protection in the United States under these programs and eventually apply for a green card.For human-trafficking victimsVictims of human trafficking who are living in the United States \u2014 whether lawfully or unlawfully (in other words, \u201cundocumented\u201d) \u2014 may apply for a T visa to stay in the United States for up to four years. As a condition of the T visa, however, they must help to investigate and prosecute perpetrators of human trafficking (unless the victim is under age 18, in which case they need not help with such efforts).To qualify for a green card, the applicant must have physically lived in the United States for one of the following periods, whichever is shorter:Three years since receiving a T visa The duration of an investigation or prosecution of human traffickingThey must also meet other eligibility requirements. These include, for instance, demonstrating \u201cgood moral character\u201d (meaning they have not committed certain crimes, such as fraud, prostitution, or murder) from the time they received a T visa until they\u2019re approved for a green card. As another example, they must demonstrate to the U.S. government that they would suffer extreme hardship involving severe harm if they were required to leave the United States. (USCIS provides the full list of eligibility criteria.)Certain family members will also be eligible to apply for their own green cards as long as both those relatives and the victim satisfy all requirements.For crime victimsVictims of \u201csubstantial physical or mental abuse\u201d who are living in the United States \u2014 whether lawfully or unlawfully (in other words, \u201cundocumented\u201d) \u2014 may seek protection by applying for a U visa. To obtain a U visa, the victim\u2019s application must be certified by a law enforcement agency. Like recipients of T visas (see above), an applicant for a U visa must also agree to help investigate and prosecute people who commit certain crimes, such as kidnapping, sexual assault, and torture.To qualify for a green card, however, the applicant will need to fulfill other eligibility requirements, including the following examples:They must have physically lived in the United States for at least three years since receiving a U visa. They must not have left the United States from the time they applied for a green card until USCIS has approved (or denied) their application. They must not have refused to help investigate or prosecute certain crimes from the time they received a U visa until USCIS approves (or denies) their green card application.The victim\u2019s children, parents, siblings, and spouse will also be eligible to apply for their own green cards as long as both those relatives and the victim satisfy all requirements.For abuse victimsVictims of domestic violence (battery or extreme cruelty) may apply for a green card that would allow them to seek relief through the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA). Although this law was created to benefit women, it applies to both women and men, and both parents and children, who are victims of abuse.An abuse victim may apply for a green card on their own \u2014 without the knowledge or permission of their abusive relative, who can include:A current or former spouse who is a U.S. citizen or green card holder A parent who is a U.S. citizen or green card holder A child who is a U.S. citizenUSCIS will not notify the abusive relative of the application in order to keep the victim safe. (Full eligibility requirements are detailed on the USCIS website.)IMPORTANT: If you or someone you know is experiencing domestic abuse now, contact the National Domestic Violence Hotline right away at 1-800-799-7233 or 1-800-787-3224 (TTY). You\u2019ll be able to talk with someone about available resources, such as shelters, mental health care, and legal assistance. The hotline also provides information about green cards through VAWA.Under the U.S. \u201cgreen card lottery\u201d (officially known as the \u201cDiversity Visa Lottery Program\u201d), the U.S. government every year randomly selects up to 50,000 people from a pool of entries it receives from six geographic regions, such as Africa, Asia, and Oceania. Only people from countries that have had little immigration to the United States in the past \u2014 for example, Algeria, Lebanon, and Slovakia \u2014 may enter the lottery. (See the full list of countries whose citizens are eligible or ineligible for the 2020 lottery.) The share of green cards distributed to any one country is capped at 7%.Most lottery applicants live in their home countries at the time they cast their entries, but some already live in the United States under a different type of immigration status.Individuals who have physically lived in the United States \u2014 lawfully or unlawfully (meaning you were \u201cundocumented\u201d) \u2014 since January 1, 1972 may apply for a green card through a special process called \u201cregistry.\u201dTo qualify for a green card through registry, the individual must meet all of the following criteria:They entered the United States before January 1, 1972, which they would need to prove by providing an I-94 travel record (officially called the \u201cForm I-94 Arrival\/Departure Record\u201d). They have not left the United States since arriving. They have \u201cgood moral character,\u201d meaning they have not committed certain types of crimes, such as fraud, prostitution, or murder (see more info on \u201cGood Moral Character\u201c). They\u2019re eligible for U.S. citizenship through naturalization. They have not committed crimes that would make them \u201cdeportable\u201d (able to be sent back to their home country). Examples of such violations include drug abuse, smuggling, and marriage fraud (marrying a U.S. citizen or green card holder to obtain a marriage-based green card). They have not committed crimes that would make them \u201cinadmissible\u201d (meaning they cannot receive a green card). Examples of such violations include entering the United States unlawfully and staying more than six months in the United States with an expired visa.Boundless helps married couples obtain marriage green cards by simplifying the application process and providing top-rated lawyer support \u2014 all for a flat price of $750, about one-fifth the cost of a traditional immigration lawyer. Learn more about \n our services, or \n start your application today.The U.S. government issues many other types of green cards besides the ones discussed above. Some of these include green cards for \u201cspecial immigrants,\u201d including media professionals, religious workers, Afghanistan and Iraq nationals who have served the U.S. government under certain capacities, and other types of workers who have served in an international organization. Others include green cards for Cuban citizens and American Indians born in Canada.USCIS provides a list of these other green card types and their eligibility requirements.If you\u2019re considering applying for a marriage-based green card, Boundless can help. We make it easy to complete your application by turning government requirements into simple questions you can answer online.\n Learn more, or \n let\u2019s begin!\n\n \n Boundless \u2014 for people who want the expertiseof an immigration lawyer, not the price tag.\n \n \n \n Check My Eligibility\n \n \n \n Learn what we do for you\n \n \n \nRELATED INFORMATIONUnderstanding Marriage Green CardsCommon Immigration QuestionsReading the Visa BulletinHow to Enter the Green Card LotteryHow to Avoid Immigration Scams","excerpt":"What is a green card?A green card allows a non-U.S. citizen to gain permanent residence in the United States. Many people from outside the United States want a green card because it would allow them to live and work (lawfully)","permalink":"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/immigration-resources\/the-green-card-explained\/"},{"id":2734,"title":"Questions to Expect in a Green Card Application","subtitle":"How to successfully navigate your immigration forms","body":"The marriage green card process is long, but it doesn\u2019t have to be intimidating. Knowing the types of questions to anticipate in your application will help you feel more confident before you even begin the process.This guide lists the questions \u2014 grouped by the following three categories \u2014 that most couples can expect to encounter on the most common immigration forms:Questions asked of both spouses Questions about the sponsoring spouse (the U.S. citizen or current green card holder) Questions about the spouse seeking a green cardPlease note that this guide is not an exhaustive list of questions that appear on every immigration form. It is intended only to familiarize you with the various types of information the U.S. government uses to evaluate a green card application.Make sure to also check out our detailed guides to documents required for a marriage-based green card and questions asked during the final green card interview.Boundless turns all of your marriage green card forms into simple questions you can answer online, typically in under two hours. If you need extra time, you can always save your application and pick up wherever you left off. \n Learn more, or \n get started today.Throughout the application process, each spouse will complete different forms, but many of the questions will be the same for both spouses. You\u2019ll want to make sure that your answers are consistent for questions appearing on multiple forms.Although some questions, such as those about your physical attributes, might seem irrelevant, it\u2019s important that you provide complete answers to help the U.S. government verify your identity and avoid processing delays.BASIC PERSONAL INFORMATIONWhat is your current legal name? What other names (aliases, maiden name, nicknames, and other legal names) have you used, if any? When and where were you born? What is your current mailing address? What is your phone number? What is your email address?RESIDENTIAL HISTORYWhere do you currently live (if different from your mailing address), whether abroad or in the United States? When did you start living at your current physical address? Where else have you lived in the past five years, whether abroad or in the United States? When did you live at each address? Have you, as a couple, ever physically lived together? When and where did you last physically live together as a couple?PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTESU.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) requires the following information, which does not affect the outcome of your application. The U.S. government will not discriminate against you based on these attributes.What is your sex? What is your height? What is your weight? What is your eye color? What is your race (white, Asian, black or African American, American Indian or Alaska native, or native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander)? What is your ethnicity (Hispanic\/Latino or not Hispanic\/Latino)?RELATIONSHIP HISTORYWhen and where did you get married? Were you previously married? Besides your current marriage, how many other times have you been married? What are the names of your previous spouses? When did your marriage to each previous spouse end?FAMILY HISTORYWhat are the current legal names of your parents? When and where were your parents born? In which city and country does each parent live? Is either parent, or are both parents, deceased?EMPLOYMENT HISTORYWhat is your current job? When did you start working at your current job? Where else have you worked in the past five years, whether abroad or in the United States? What were your previous jobs? When did you work at each previous job? Are you currently unemployed, or were you unemployed, at any time during the past five years?CITIZENSHIP AND IMMIGRATION STATUSIf applicable, you\u2019ll be asked to provide personal identification numbers assigned by the U.S. government, such as the following:Alien Registration Number (A-Number) U.S. Social Security Number Number on government ID cardLEGAL ISSUESUSCIS will check for criminal records for both the sponsoring spouse (U.S. citizen or current green card holder) and the spouse seeking a green card. Certain criminal convictions can lead to disqualification of a sponsoring spouse or denial of a green card.Have you ever been arrested, charged, or convicted of any crimes (excluding minor traffic violations) in any country?With Boundless, you get an experienced, independent immigration attorney to answer all of your questions and help you complete all required government forms. \n Ready to start?The following questions appear on different forms, but all are primarily related to the sponsoring spouse (U.S. citizen or current green card holder).YOUR HOUSEHOLDDo you have any unmarried children under the age of 18? Besides any children under 18, do you claim anyone else as a dependent on your tax returns? If so, how many? Have you filed an Affidavit of Support (Form I-864) for anyone else before? If so, how many times?FINANCESWhat is the current annual income earned by you and your spouse in the United States? Are there other people (your siblings, parents, or adult children) who will contribute their income to financially support your spouse (the applicant seeking a green card)? If so, how much additional income will they contribute? Have you filed a federal income tax return for each of the three most recent filing years? If you choose to include your assets with your earnings from employment to meet the income requirements for a marriage-based green card, what is the total value of your assets (bank accounts, investments, and property)?PREVIOUS GREEN CARD APPLICATIONSHave you previously applied for a green card for anyone else besides your spouse? If so, when and for whom? Where were you living when you previously sponsored someone for a green card? What was the result (approved, denied, pending, or withdrawn) of each previous green card application on which you were a sponsor?PATH TO U.S. CITIZENSHIP OR PERMANENT RESIDENCEAre you a U.S. citizen or green card holder? Did you become a U.S. citizen or green card holder (permanent resident) through adoption?ONLY FOR U.S. CITIZENSDid you obtain U.S. citizenship through birth in the United States, naturalization, or your parents? If you weren\u2019t a U.S. citizen by birth, do you have a Certificate of Naturalization or a Certificate of Citizenship? If you have such a certificate, what number appears on it, and when and where was it issued?ONLY FOR GREEN CARD HOLDERSDid you become a permanent resident (green card holder) by marrying a U.S. citizen or green card holder? What was your \u201cClass of Admission\u201d (which appears on your physical green card)? When and where were you first admitted to the United States?With Boundless, you don\u2019t have to worry about which number corresponds with which form. You simply answer a series of questions \u2014 typically within just a couple of hours \u2014 and the completed forms arrive at your doorstep. \n You can begin today!The questions in this section are relevant only to the spouse seeking a green card and appear across several different immigration forms. The questions vary based on whether the spouse is living the United States or abroad.Questions for all green card applicantsRESIDENTIAL HISTORYWhere and when did you last live outside the United States for more than one year?WORK HISTORYWhere and when did you last work outside the United States, if you did not list that job as employment from the past five years? What was your job title at your last job outside the United States?FAMILY HISTORYWhat was your mother\u2019s last name at birth (maiden name)? What was your father\u2019s last name at birth? What are the names of your children, if any \u2014 whether biological, adopted, or stepchildren; married or unmarried; and living with you or elsewhere? When and where was each child born? Will your children be applying for green cards along with you?IMMIGRATION HISTORYWhat is your current country of citizenship or nationality? Have you ever been denied or refused a visa or entry to the United States? Besides your current spouse, has anyone else ever applied for a green card on your behalf? Were you ever previously in the United States? If so, when did you arrive? What was your status when you previously arrived in the United States? What was your visa type when you previously arrived in the United States? When will your authorized stay in the United States expire, or has it already expired? What is your Form I-94 Arrival-Departure Record Number, if any? What is the name on your I-94, if you have this form? What is the immigration status on your I-94? What is your passport number? What is your travel document number, if any? When and in what country was your passport or travel document issued? What is the expiration date of your passport or travel document?LEGAL ISSUESWere you ever in immigration proceedings (including removal, rescission, exclusion or deportation, or other judicial proceedings)? When and where did your immigration proceeding, if any, take place?GREEN CARD ELIGIBILITY AND ADMISSIBILITYThe questions asked in this portion of the green card application are too numerous to list in this guide. Briefly, this section asks about your involvement in any organizations or groups that the U.S. government may or may not deem threats to national security. It further asks if you have ever engaged, or plan to engage, in any type of illegal activity (such as human trafficking, money laundering, prostitution, and terrorism). Other questions include those related to your personal conduct, previous acceptance of public assistance benefits, and previous illegal entry to the United States, if applicable.Questions just for green card applicants living in the United StatesRECENT IMMIGRATION HISTORYOn your most recent arrival in the United States, did you enter legally or illegally? What is the visa number, if any, from the passport you used on your most recent entry to the United States? On your most recent entry to the United States: Were you inspected at a port of entry and admitted as (for example, an exchange visitor, a visitor through the Visa Waiver Program, a temporary worker, or a student)? Did you arrive without admission? Have you ever previously applied for a green card through a U.S. embassy or consulate? If so, at which U.S. embassy or consulate? If you\u2019ve previously applied for a green card through a U.S. embassy or consulate, what was the decision (approved, denied, refused, or withdrawn) and when was the decision made? If you wish to travel abroad and return to the United States on a travel permit, when and where is your trip, and what is its purpose? Where do you want to receive your travel permit? For how many trips do you intend to use your travel permit?FAMILY HISTORYIs your spouse currently a member of the U.S. armed forces or Coast Guard? When was each of your previous spouses born? When and where did you get married to each previous spouse? What are your children\u2019s Alien Registration Numbers (A-Numbers), if any?WORK HISTORYHave you previously applied for a work permit from USCIS? If so, when did you apply, at which USCIS office, and what was the result (granted or denied)?Questions just for green card applicants living abroadRESIDENTIAL HISTORYWhere have you lived since age 16? When did you live at each address since age 16? At what address will you live once in the United States? Who currently lives at the address in the United States where you will live? Where do you want your green card mailed?WORK HISTORYWhere have you worked for the past 10 years? Were you unemployed at any time during the past 10 years? If so, why? In what occupation do you intend to work once in the United States? Do you currently have more than one job? If so, what are your other jobs? What is your current work phone number? Have you ever served in the military of any country? If so, when and where, in what branch, and what was your specialty? Do you have any special skills or training?EDUCATIONAL HISTORYHave you ever attended a high school or secondary school or an institution of higher education? If so, how many schools? What is the name and address of each previous school? What was your course of study at each previous school? Did you receive a diploma or degree from each previous school? If so, what degree? When did you attend each previous school?MEDICAL HISTORYThe spouse seeking a green card is required to take a medical exam in order to make sure that they do not have any conditions that could pose a threat to people in the United States.Do you have any communicable diseases that are a public health concern? Do you have documented proof of vaccinations you\u2019ve received? Do you have a mental or physical disorder that could harm yourself or others? Have you ever been a drug abuser or addict?IMMIGRATION HISTORYWhat other nationalities do you have or have you had in the past, whether you relinquished them or not? Do you have a passport or travel document for each of the other nationalities you currently hold or previously held? If so, what is the passport number or travel document number? If you were previously in the United States, have any of your U.S. visas ever been lost or stolen (if so, when and why) or cancelled or revoked (if so, why)?FAMILY HISTORYWhat is the year of death of either of your parents who is deceased? How was your marriage to each previous spouse terminated?Boundless mails to your doorstep your complete filing package \u2014 including the forms you\u2019ll need to work, travel, and ultimately obtain your green card. \n Learn how we can help you, or \n start your application.\n\n \n Boundless \u2014 for people who want the expertiseof an immigration lawyer, not the price tag.\n \n \n \n Check My Eligibility\n \n \n \n Learn what we do for you\n \n \n \n\nRELATED INFORMATIONWhat Documents Do We Need for a Marriage Green Card?The Marriage Green Card Interview, ExplainedPreparing for the Green Card InterviewPreparing for the U.S. Citizenship InterviewQuestions to Expect in a U.S. Citizenship InterviewDual Citizenship for BeginnersWhat You Get With BoundlessMarriage Green Cards, ExplainedPreventing a Request for Evidence (RFE)Immigration FAQ","excerpt":"The marriage green card process is long, but it doesn\u2019t have to be intimidating. Knowing the types of questions to anticipate in your application will help you feel more confident before you even begin the process.This guide lists the questions","permalink":"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/immigration-resources\/questions-to-expect-in-a-green-card-application\/"},{"id":1712,"title":"Creating Flawless Digital Documents","subtitle":"How to properly digitize the documents required for your green card application","body":"It\u2019s no small task to prepare all the supporting documents for a marriage-based green card. For the most part, the government requires copies rather than original documents, and you want to make sure that each copy is high-quality and easy to read. (Poor-quality documents can slow down the whole process, especially if the government has to request an entirely new copy.)Whether you\u2019re using Boundless to easily complete your green card application, or you\u2019re creating your own digital archive, the following tips will help ensure that you\u2019re printing out high-quality digital copies that meet the government\u2019s expectations.Best option: ScannerFor best results, use a scanner to create a digital version of each of your required documents. Most scanners allow you to adjust the resolution of the image, measured in \u201cdots per inch\u201d (dpi).Black-and-white documents can generally be scanned at 300 dpi, while it\u2019s a good idea to scan color images at 600 dpi (for example, passport pages).Next best option: Mobile appSmartphones can be almost as good as scanners for creating digital documents\u2014as long as you\u2019re using the right app. Most iPhones have the Notes app\u00a0pre-installed, and for Android devices, it\u2019s easy to install the Google Drive app.Both of these apps are free, and they will automatically improve the image quality of your documents after you snap photos with your phone.Of course, you could also simply take a regular photo of your documents using your phone, without using a special mobile app. But you might have difficulty meeting all of the guidelines below.To maximize the chance that the government will accept your documents, make sure that each digital image (and paper printout) meets the following guidelines:The document was scanned or photographed on a dark, flat surface. The document should appear flat, without any visible folds or creases. All four edges of the documents must be correct\u2014make sure that no signatures, digits, or seals are cut off! Any words and numbers on the document should be clear and readable. Photos should be sharp (not blurry), and without any glare. Any documents that contain seals or photographs (like passports, certificates of naturalization, or marriage certificates) should be scanned in color so every element is visible and clear.The good news is, by carefully using common (and often free) technology, you should be able to create high-quality supporting documents that meet all the requirements for your marriage green card application.","excerpt":"It\u2019s no small task to prepare all the supporting documents for a marriage-based green card. For the most part, the government requires copies rather than original documents, and you want to make sure that each copy is high-quality and easy","permalink":"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/immigration-resources\/creating-flawless-digital-documents\/"},{"id":2755,"title":"Top 10 Hard-to-Find Immigration Documents and How to Get Them","subtitle":"Where to find key certificates and records for your green card application","body":"In this guide, we\u2019ll show you where to get official copies of the 10 most common documents required for a marriage-based green card \u2014 or other documents that can serve as substitutes. We\u2019ll also outline your options when even duplicates aren\u2019t available.As electronic documents increasingly become the standard for record-keeping, few people keep comprehensive physical paper records anymore. So don\u2019t feel bad if your important documents are collecting dust somewhere you can\u2019t remember. You\u2019re a normal human being!Boundless can assemble your entire marriage green card filing package, including all required documents, and mail it to your doorstep with clear instructions. \n Learn more, or \n get started today.The following table lists 10 of the most commonly required documents for a marriage-based green card application, along with which spouse must provide it to the U.S. government. Click on each document to learn where and how to access an official copy. (And also see this full list of required documents for a marriage-based green card.)Document Required for\u2026 1. Birth Certificate Both spouses 2. Marriage Certificate Both spouses 3. Financial Documents Both spouses 4. Evidence of U.S. Citizenship or Green Card Holder (Permanent Resident) Status Sponsoring spouse (U.S. citizen or green card holder) 5. Evidence of Lawful U.S. Entry and Status Spouse seeking a green card 6. Police Clearance Certificate Spouse seeking a green card from abroad 7. Divorce Papers Both spouses (if applicable) 8. Court, Police, and Prison Records Spouse seeking a green card (if applicable) 9. Military Records Spouse seeking a green card from abroad (if applicable) 10. Deportation Documents Spouse seeking a green card (if applicable) Birth CertificateEvery married couple is required to submit a photocopy of each of their birth certificates to the U.S. government. Where you can get a certified copy depends on where you were born. It must also contain key information, such as your full name, the names of both parents, and your place of birth. Boundless has a detailed guide on obtaining a copy of your birth certificate or alternative document.Marriage CertificateIn order to prove that a valid marriage exists between you and your spouse, you must submit a photocopy of your marriage certificate to the U.S. government. The procedure for obtaining a certified copy of your marriage certificate depends on where your marriage took place. You can learn more from our detailed guide to obtaining a copy of your marriage certificate.Financial DocumentsEvery sponsoring spouse (the U.S. citizen or green card holder) must meet specific income requirements for their household. Meeting those financial guidelines ensures that the sponsoring spouse will be able to financially support the spouse seeking a green in the United States.Evidence of U.S. Citizenship or Permanent ResidenceAll sponsoring spouses must provide proof of their U.S. citizenship or current green card holder (permanent resident) status when applying for a marriage-based green card.In order to prove that you are a U.S. citizen, you must submit a photocopy of one of the following documents and bring the original or certified copy to your green card interview:Document Where to get it Birth Certificate Civil registrar, vital records office, or other government agency that can prove your U.S. birth Naturalization Certificate U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) Certificate of Citizenship U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) Consular Report of Birth Abroad U.S. consulate or embassy or U.S. Department of State Valid (Unexpired) U.S. Passport U.S. Department of State If none of the above is available, you may instead submit a written statement\u00a0from a U.S. consular officer. The sworn statement must affirm that you are indeed a U.S. citizen and that you have a valid passport.In order to prove that you\u2019re a green card holder (permanent resident), you must submit a photocopy of the front and back of your Permanent Resident Card (Form I-551), the official term for a green card.If you\u2019re still waiting for your green card in the mail, you may instead submit photocopies of your passport\u2019s biographic page and the page showing that you entered the United States as a permanent resident. Alternatively, you can provide other evidence of green card holder status that was issued by USCIS or its predecessor agency, the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS).Evidence of Lawful U.S. Entry and StatusIf you\u2019re being sponsored for a green card and applying from within the United States, you will need to prove that you entered the United States lawfully and have maintained lawful status while waiting for your case to be approved. Proving lawful entry and status require an I-94 travel record, as well as copies of the admission stamp and visa in your passport. Boundless has a complete guide on obtaining travel records that have been lost, stolen, or destroyed.Police Clearance CertificateIf you\u2019re a spouse seeking a green card from abroad, you must obtain a police clearance certificate from each country in which you\u2019ve lived since age 16. (Police clearance certificates are different from police records, which are required only if a spouse seeking a green card has a record of a law enforcement issue). Boundless has a detailed guide on\u00a0obtaining a police clearance certificate.Divorce PapersEither spouse who has ever been married before must provide evidence that each of their prior marriages has been legally terminated. Different documents are required, however, for marriages that ended because of a previous spouse\u2019s death or by annulment. You can learn more from our detailed guide to obtaining divorce papers.Court, Police, and Prison RecordsIf you\u2019re a spouse seeking a green card, you must submit records of any previous encounters with law enforcement. (Police records are separate from police clearance certificates, which are required only of spouses seeking a green card from abroad\u00a0and whether or not they have a record of a previous law-enforcement issue.) Boundless has more details on accessing court, police, and prison records.Military RecordsSpouses seeking a green card from abroad must provide copies of their military records if they\u2019ve ever served in the military of any country, including the United States. Additional documentation is required for spouses who have been discharged, have retired, have resigned, or have violations on their records. Boundless has complete details on accessing military service records.Deportation DocumentsIf you\u2019re a spouse seeking a green card and have ever been deported from the United States, you must submit your deportation record to the U.S. government. Whether you\u2019re eligible to apply for a marriage-based green card depends on the type of violation that resulted in deportation, but the process may be more difficult, especially for certain applicants.You can obtain your deportation documents from the immigration court where your case was heard. You may also request the release of your immigration record under the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA).There are three ways to submit a FOIA request:Complete an online form. The U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) provides an online submission form that it will forward to U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) once completed. Complete a paper form. USCIS provides a paper form (G-639) for this procedure, as well, but it is generally not required. If you choose this option, you must follow the specific instructions on the form. Write to USCIS. If you prefer, you can also write your request and mail or fax it to the National Records Center of USCIS.If you choose the third option, your written request must include the following:Your full name, address, and phone number A detailed description of the records you seek (be as specific as possible) A statement of your willingness to pay any fees (currently up to $25) associated with the request Your signature witnessed by a notary publicThe U.S. Department of State provides a complete list of documents and procedures specific to each country. If you are a spouse applying for a marriage-based green card from abroad or need documents issued in another country, such as military records, following this resource will help you avoid issues and delays in the processing of your application.If a particular country shows that a specific document is \u201cunavailable,\u201d you are not required to submit that document to the National Visa Center (NVC), according to the State Department\u2019s instructions.With Boundless, you can easily organize all of your documents and keep them together securely online. \n Learn more, or \n get started now.If you can\u2019t locate a certain document or obtain a copy from an official source, you must submit a notarized personal affidavit (written statement) explaining in detail why that particular document is not available. Your description must be as specific as possible. For instance, if a fire or flood destroyed all documents, including yours, in the facility where they were stored, you would include this detail in your explanation. You would also include any documentation supporting this fact, such as a clip of the news story about the event (if available) or an official statement from the government agency that originally held the documents.If you\u2019re applying for a marriage-based green card from within the United States, you also must submit one of the following\u00a0\u2014 secondary evidence or notarized personal affidavits from other people \u2014\u00a0in addition to your notarized personal affidavit.\u00a0Those applying from abroad should check the appropriate country\u2019s guidelines to find out if this requirement applies to them, as well.Secondary evidenceYou can choose strong alternative evidence for the best chance of success and to prevent delays in your application caused by official requests for evidence (RFEs).For example, you can use church records, such as a baptismal certificate, to substitute for a birth certificate. Ideally, the baptismal certificate would show your birth date and the names of your parents. Census records would be another option in this case.Notarized affidavits from other peopleIf secondary evidence is not available, you must provide at least two additional notarized personal affidavits (written statements) from other people who know about the given event, such as your birth or marriage. Each affidavit must include the following from the person who agreed to write it:An explanation of how they are aware of the event Their personal description of the event\u2019s circumstances (must be as specific and detailed as possible)With Boundless, you get an experienced independent attorney to review all of your documents and answer any of your questions \u2014 for no extra fee. \n Ready to start?If any of your documents is written in a language other than English, you will be required to submit a certified English translation. These services are generally available from private certified translation services and can even be done online.You should also check the website of the U.S. embassy or consulate in your home country for a list of certified translation services. Use caution, however, when contacting these services, as they are not endorsed by the U.S. Department of State.Also check the website of the U.S. embassy or consulate in your home country for specific rules on English translations. Birth certificates and court records issued by Greek authorities, for instance, may only be translated into English by the Greek Ministry of Foreign Affairs.Boundless can help guide you through the entire marriage-based green card process, including gathering all of these documents together. Read more about \n what you get with Boundless, or \n get started today.\n\n \n Boundless \u2014 for people who want the expertiseof an immigration lawyer, not the price tag.\n \n \n \n Check My Eligibility\n \n \n \n Learn what we do for you\n \n \n \nRELATED INFORMATIONWhat Documents Do We Need for a Marriage Green Card?How to Get a Copy of Your Birth CertificateHow to Get a Copy of Your Marriage CertificateHow Do I Get a Copy of My Divorce Decree?How to Get Military RecordsHow to Obtain a Police Clearance CertificateHow to Obtain Court Records and Police ReportsHow to Get a Copy of Your Lost I-94 Travel RecordTranslating Your Immigration Documents into English","excerpt":"In this guide, we\u2019ll show you where to get official copies of the 10 most common documents required for a marriage-based green card \u2014 or other documents that can serve as substitutes. We\u2019ll also outline your options when even duplicates","permalink":"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/immigration-resources\/top-10-hard-to-find-immigration-documents-and-how-to-get-them\/"},{"id":2760,"title":"How to Get a Copy of Your Birth Certificate","subtitle":"Providing a new birth certificate or alternative in your green card application","body":"Every couple applying for a marriage-based green card must provide a copy of each spouse\u2019s birth certificate to the U.S. government. If you already have it, great! You\u2019re one step closer to success.But if you can\u2019t locate your birth certificate, don\u2019t worry. In this guide, we\u2019ll tell you how to get an official replacement, as well as what types of documents can substitute for your birth certificate when an acceptable copy isn\u2019t available.Boundless will assemble your complete green card application precisely how the government prefers \u2014 with your birth certificate and all other required documents \u2014 and mail it to your doorstep. \n Learn more, or \n get started today.Who must submit a copy of their birth certificate?Both the sponsoring spouse (the U.S. citizen or current green card holder) and the spouse seeking a green card must provide a copy of their birth certificate, along with their family sponsorship form, or Form I-130 (officially called the \u201cPetition for Alien Relative\u201d).What should the birth certificate show?The certified copy of your birth certificate must include the following information:Your full name Your date of birth Your place of birth Both of your parents\u2019 full names The issuing agency\u2019s official seal Registration date (must be within one year of your birth) Issue date (any time)What if my birth certificate is an \u201cextract\u201d?If your birth certificate is an \u201cextract\u201d (abbreviated) version of the original, it should include only the above information. An extract copy leaves out any unnecessary details that are useful only to the country or agency that issued the document.What if my birth certificate is not written in English?An original birth certificate that is written in a language other than English must be accompanied by a certified English translation.Have a question about your birth certificate? With Boundless, you get an experienced independent attorney to review all of your green card application materials and answer your questions. \n Ready to start?You will need to obtain a certified copy of your birth certificate from the appropriate government agency.If you were born in the United States, that would be the office of vital records in the state where you were born. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) provides the the name and address of each vital records office, as well as the cost of obtaining an official copy.If you were born abroad, the U.S. Department of State\u2019s website lists the name of the issuing authority in each country, as well as the current fee and procedures for obtaining an official copy. (On the upper left-hand side of this website, you will need to select the first letter of your country\u2019s name, select your country, and click on the \u201cBirth, Death, Burial Certificates\u201d tab to view the information you need.)If the information for your country of birth specifies that birth certificates are \u201cunavailable\u201d or \u201cnonexistent,\u201d you will not be required to submit this document.Please note that birth certificates issued by a consulate or embassy of your home country in the United States will not be accepted. You must obtain the birth certificate from the issuing authority in your country of birth.Boundless can help you easily manage your immigration documents for your green card application. Find out \n how Boundless can help you, or \n get started now.If you\u2019re unable to locate your birth certificate or obtain a copy containing the required information, you must submit a notarized personal affidavit (written explanation) in which you describe the facts of your birth and the reason you\u2019re unable to get a certified copy of the document. You must be as specific and detailed as possible in your explanation.You must also submit one of the following types of secondary evidence:A baptismal certificate Census records A birth certificate issued by a local or military hospital A certification of birth from the doctor who delivered you An original document from the appropriate government agency in your home country (if not the United States) explaining why your birth record does not exist and indicating whether similar records for that time and place are availableIf your birth certificate was issued abroad, make sure to also check the appropriate country\u2019s guidelines for specific types of acceptable secondary evidence.When none of the above forms of secondary evidence is available, you must submit a notarized personal affidavit from either parent who is living or a close relative who is older than you. The affidavit must include the following from the person who agreed to provide it:Their full name, address, date and place of birth Their relationship to you How well they know you The date and place of your birth The names of both of your parents Other details describing the circumstances and facts of your birthWith Boundless, you get the confidence of working with an experienced immigration attorney who will answer all of your green card questions. \n Ready to begin?\n\n \n Boundless \u2014 for people who want the expertiseof an immigration lawyer, not the price tag.\n \n \n \n Check My Eligibility\n \n \n \n Learn what we do for you\n \n \n \nRELATED INFORMATIONWhat Documents Do We Need for a Marriage Green Card?Top 10 Hard-to-Find Immigration Documents and How to Get ThemHow to Get a Copy of Your Marriage CertificateHow to Get Military RecordsHow Do I Get a Copy of My Divorce Decree?How to Obtain a Police Clearance CertificateHow to Obtain Court Records and Police ReportsHow to Get a Copy of Your Lost I-94 Travel RecordTranslating Your Immigration Documents into English","excerpt":"Every couple applying for a marriage-based green card must provide a copy of each spouse\u2019s birth certificate to the U.S. government. If you already have it, great! You\u2019re one step closer to success.But if you can\u2019t locate your birth certificate,","permalink":"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/immigration-resources\/how-to-get-a-copy-of-your-birth-certificate\/"},{"id":2763,"title":"How to Get a Copy of Your Marriage Certificate","subtitle":"Providing a new certificate of marriage or alternative in your green card application","body":"Early in the marriage-based green card process, every couple must provide evidence of a valid marriage to the U.S. government. That evidence includes a photocopy of your marriage certificate \u2014 also known as a marriage contract or marriage license. You\u2019re one step ahead if you already have it.If you can\u2019t find your marriage certificate, though, don\u2019t panic! In this guide, we\u2019ll show you how to track it down from an official source and what you can submit as an alternative if you can\u2019t obtain a copy.Boundless will assemble your complete green card application with all required documents \u2014 including your marriage certificate \u2014 and mail it to your doorstep. \n Learn more, or \n get started today.Who must provide a copy of their marriage certificate?Every couple must submit a photocopy of their marriage certificate with their family sponsorship form (Form I-130, or \u201cPetition for Alien Relative,\u201d as it\u2019s officially called). You must also bring the original copy or official replacement to your green card interview.What should the marriage certificate show?The marriage certificate must show the following information:Names of both spouses Place of marriage Date of marriageWhat if I\u2019ve been divorced in the past?If either of you has been married before, you will need to submit a copy of your divorce papers for each previous marriage.What if my name is different on other documents?If your name changed as a result of your most recent marriage, then your marriage certificate should be all you need as evidence of that name change.If your name has changed for reasons other than your most recent marriage \u2014 as the result of adoption or divorce, for instance \u2014 you must submit evidence of a legal name change, such as an adoption decree or a court order. The court order (or \u201cname restoration order,\u201d as it\u2019s otherwise known) should show that you changed your last name back to your maiden name or other previous name. Generally, the judge handling your divorce would also issue the court order for your name change, but rules vary by location.What if our marriage certificate is not written in English?A marriage certificate written in a language other than English must be accompanied by a certified English translation.What if I had a religious or traditional wedding and don\u2019t have a marriage certificate?This is a common situation for many couples. See \u201cReligious and Traditional Weddings\u201d below for a detailed explanation.Boundless can help you manage your documents so you can prove to the U.S. government that your marriage is authentic. Learn more about \n what you get with Boundless, or \n start your application today.You will need to obtain an official copy of your marriage certificate from a government agency if you do not have the original or if the original does not show the required information.If you were married in the United States, you can request an official copy from the office of vital records in the state where your marriage took place. On their website, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) specifies the name and address of each vital records office, as well as the current fee. Alternatively, you can request the document from a county clerk, city or town hall, or a civil registrar in the place where you were married.If you were married abroad, you will need to check the U.S. Department of State\u2019s website for the name of the issuing authority of the country where your marriage took place, as well as the current fee and procedures for obtaining an official copy. (On the upper left-hand side of the webpage, you will need to select the first letter of your country\u2019s name, select your country, and click on the \u201cMarriage, Divorce Certificates\u201d tab to view the information you need.)Boundless guides you through the document gathering process before you send everything off to the government. \n Get started today!If you can\u2019t find your marriage certificate or get an official copy, you must submit both of the following documents instead:A notarized personal affidavit (written explanation) in which you describe the facts of your marriage and the reason you\u2019re unable to obtain an official copy of your marriage certificate A certified statement from the appropriate government agency explaining why your marriage certificate is not availableIf you cannot obtain a certified statement from a government agency, you must instead provide at least two additional notarized personal affidavits\u00a0from other people, such as one of your parents who is living or a close relative who is older than you. In the affidavit, they must attest to having personal knowledge of your marriage and describe the following:Your and your spouse\u2019s full names When and where your marriage took place Their full name, address, and place of birth Their relationship to you How well they know you How they know about the information they are swearing toWith Boundless, you get an experienced immigration attorney to answer all of your questions and review all of your green card materials, including your supporting documents. \n Ready to begin?What if I don\u2019t have a marriage certificate because I had a religious or traditional wedding ceremony?If it\u2019s customary in your culture or religion to have a wedding ceremony but not report the event to a government agency, then chances are you don\u2019t have an official marriage certificate. In this case, you first need to consult the specific instructions from the country where your marriage took place (see above).In some countries, such as Somalia, the instructions for submitting marital proof will specify other types of documents that should be provided in place of a marriage certificate. This is common in many countries where marriage certificates are not commonly issued because of religious or traditional practices, but it doesn\u2019t necessarily mean that the marriage isn\u2019t legally recognized \u2014 in many cases, it is recognized. The spouse seeking a green card would just need to provide alternative documents (see above). Keep in mind that the requirements for alternative documents can vary significantly from country to country.Some countries, however, do not legally recognize religious or traditional weddings at all, and these countries\u2019 marriage certificate requirements on the State Department\u2019s website may or may not indicate so. If they don\u2019t legally recognize your marriage, they may still just ask for alternative documents. But if there\u2019s no such guidance from the State Department, it\u2019s generally best to consult with an immigration attorney who can look into the marriage laws of the country where the marriage took place.With Boundless, you get an independent immigration lawyer who will answer your questions and review your entire application package for accuracy and completeness. Only after this independent lawyer has confirmed the readiness of your application package will Boundless mail it to you for filing with the federal government. \n Learn more, or \n get started today.\n\n \n Boundless \u2014 for people who want the expertiseof an immigration lawyer, not the price tag.\n \n \n \n Check My Eligibility\n \n \n \n Learn what we do for you\n \n \n \nRELATED INFORMATIONWhat Documents Do We Need for a Marriage Green Card?Top 10 Hard-to-Find Immigration Documents and How to Get ThemHow to Get a Copy of Your Birth CertificateHow to Get Military RecordsHow Do I Get a Copy of My Divorce Decree?How to Obtain a Police Clearance CertificateHow to Obtain Court Records and Police ReportsHow to Get a Copy of Your Lost I-94 Travel RecordTranslating Your Immigration Documents into English","excerpt":"Early in the marriage-based green card process, every couple must provide evidence of a valid marriage to the U.S. government. That evidence includes a photocopy of your marriage certificate \u2014 also known as a marriage contract or marriage license. You\u2019re","permalink":"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/immigration-resources\/get-copy-marriage-certificate\/"},{"id":1484,"title":"The K-3 Visa, Explained","subtitle":"Understanding why this spousal visa is so rarely used","body":"What is a K-3 Visa?The K-3 visa allows the spouse of a U.S. citizen to enter the United States with temporary legal status while waiting to obtain permanent residence (a \u201cgreen card\u201d). Practically speaking, however, the K-3 visa is almost always unnecessary compared with better alternatives. Learn more below.If you\u2019re already married but aren\u2019t sure if you qualify for a marriage-based green card, you can \n check your eligibility through Boundless without providing any personal or financial information. When you\u2019re ready to apply, Boundless can guide you through every milestone of the marriage-based green card process, all the way to the finish line. \n Learn more, or \n get started today.K3 Visa Processing TimeK-3 visa processing, on average, takes about 6\u20139 months. This is just about as long as it takes USCIS to approve the marriage green card application. Because of this lengthy processing time, most people find that it\u2019s not worth it to apply for a K-3 visa. Unless the processing times change, the K-3 visa should probably be avoided, as it involves an unnecessary step and additional expense (including an extra $265 filing fee).Keep reading for more information about the U.S. K-3 Spousal Visa.Considering a marriage-based green card instead? For the flat rate of $750, Boundless helps you complete your entire application \u2014 including all required forms and supporting documents, independent attorney review, and support \u2014 from the moment your application is filed until you receive your green card. \n Learn more, or \n check your eligibility with no obligation.The K-3 visa is designed for couples who were legally married outside of the United States, and is available to spouses who meet the following eligibility requirements:The applicant must be the legal spouse of a U.S. citizen. (The K-3 visa is not available to spouses of U.S. green card holders.) The applicant must currently reside in a country outside of the United States. The U.S. citizen spouse must have already filed a family sponsorship form (Form I-130) that is currently pending with USCIS. This Form I-130 must not have been approved yet, and there must be a receipt notice from USCIS in the meantime. The U.S. citizen spouse must meet certain income requirements. The adjusted gross income on their most recent tax return must be at least 100% of the Federal Poverty Guidelines in order to qualify as the financial sponsor. If they are unable to meet this requirement, a joint sponsor must file an \u201caffidavit of support.\u201d If the applicant has biological or adopted children who will also travel to the United States (on a K-4 visa), the children must be unmarried and under the age of 21.Are you also eligible for a marriage-based green card?\u00a0You can \n check your eligibility through Boundless for free, or learn more about \n our services.If all of the above requirements have been met, the U.S. citizen spouse must fill out Form I-129F and file it with USCIS. The name of this form can be confusing because it is technically called \u201cPetition for Alien Fianc\u00e9(e),\u201d even though it can also be used by spouses of U.S. citizens.Once the form has been completed and signed, copies of all required documents should be attached to it, including:The U.S. citizen spouse\u2019s passport, certificate of naturalization, or birth certificate, as proof of citizenship. The applicant spouse\u2019s passport. Legal marriage certificate with certified English translation. Proof of termination of any prior marriages (divorce decree, annulment document, or death certificate). I-94 arrival\/departure record, if the applicant spouse has ever received one from U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP). One passport-style photograph of the U.S. citizen spouse and one passport-style photograph of the applicant spouse. Receipt notice for the Form I-130 (itself technically called the Form I-797).Unlike the I-129F petition when used by fianc\u00e9(e)s, there is no filing fee for I-129F petitions designated for spouses.After signing the Form I-129F and attaching all supporting documents, it\u2019s always a good idea to make an archival copy of the packet before filing.Typically within about 30 days from the time the Form I-129F is filed, the U.S. citizen spouse should receive a receipt notice. This indicates that the package has been received by USCIS and is being processed. Processing times will vary depending on which USCIS service center is handling the case, but the average is about 6\u20139 months. During that time, a Request for Evidence (RFE) may be issued, should USCIS require any more information. Once the petition is approved, the U.S. citizen spouse will receive an approval notice.Approximately 30 days after USCIS approves the Form I-129F, the applicant spouse will receive correspondence, usually via email, from the U.S. Embassy in their home country. This correspondence will include the date and time of the applicant spouse\u2019s interview at the U.S. embassy or consulate in their home country. It will also include a list of documents required for the interview.The next step is to electronically file the DS-160 visa application on the Department of State\u2019s website, which includes uploading a passport-style photograph. Once the DS-160 has been filed electronically, the confirmation page should be printed and taken to the interview, along with the following documents:Legal marriage certificate Valid, unexpired passport for the applicant spouse Birth certificate for the applicant spouse Police clearance for the applicant spouse, obtained from all countries of residence of more than six months since the age of 16 Sealed medical exam\u00a0for the applicant spouse (obtained through a physician abroad, authorized by the Department of State) Sponsor\u2019s affidavit of support (Form I-134) Sponsoring spouse\u2019s most recent tax returns Proof of relationship (for example, a copy of the pending Form I-130\u00a0package originally filed with USCIS). It\u2019s generally a good idea to also bring things such as wedding photographs or any other proof that the marriage is valid. Two passport-style photographs of the applicant spouse.The State Department\u2019s visa filing fee is currently $265, usually paid at the interview. It\u2019s important to review specific instructions regarding time and place of payment, included in the embassy\u2019s correspondence, which may vary depending the applicant\u2019s home country.The interview is usually scheduled about 4\u20136 weeks from the date of the correspondence from the embassy. The applicant should receive a decision the same day or shortly thereafter. If the consular officer needs additional evidence, they will request for it to be submitted directly to the U.S. consulate. Upon approval of the K-3 visa, the spouse may then travel to the United States.If you\u2019re pursuing a marriage-based green card instead, Boundless can help you get ready for your green card interview and respond to government questions. \n Learn more, or \n check your eligibility for a marriage-based green card with no obligation.The final step of this process is to travel to the United States on the approved K-3 visa. Although K-3 visa holders may apply for employment authorization upon arrival to the United States, they are not eligible to work until they receive approval of the work permit application, which typically takes about four months.For this reason, it\u2019s generally better to simply file for employment authorization and a travel permit along with the green card application, which can be submitted upon arrival to the United States. This application,\u00a0Form I-485\u00a0(technically called an \u201cAdjustment of Status\u201d application) is filed with USCIS based on a pending or approved Form I-130.Final WarningAlthough the K-3 visa is available to spouses of U.S. citizens living abroad, it is usually not the best option and should generally be avoided. Because of the lengthy processing times, applying for a K-3 visa usually ends up being an unnecessary step with additional expense\u00a0(including the extra $265 filing fee).If a couple is already married with a pending Form I-130, they are almost always better off going directly through the green card process through \u201cconsular processing,\u201d which will end up taking about the same amount of time as the K-3 visa process.Once the applicant spouse arrives in the United States with an approved green card, they will be able to work immediately as a permanent resident, without needing to file any additional applications. For more information on marriage-based green cards, click here.Currently, Boundless can help you\u00a0complete your marriage green card application, but\u00a0not\u00a0a K-3 visa application.With Boundless, you get the confidence of an independent immigration attorney who will review all of your marriage-based green card application materials and answer any questions you have \u2014 for no additional fee. Learn more about \n what you get with Boundless, or \n check your eligibility for free.\n\n \n Ready to start your marriage green card application?\n \n \n \n Let\u2019s Go\n \n \n \n Learn what we do for you\n \n \n \n","excerpt":"What is a K-3 Visa?The K-3 visa allows the spouse of a U.S. citizen to enter the United States with temporary legal status while waiting to obtain permanent residence (a \u201cgreen card\u201d). Practically speaking, however, the K-3 visa is almost","permalink":"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/immigration-resources\/k-3-visa-explained\/"},{"id":4300,"title":"How Long Does It Take to Get U.S. Citizenship After Applying?","subtitle":"Understanding the naturalization timeline","body":"The national average processing time for naturalization applications is a little over 10 months, as of June 30, 2018. But that\u2019s just the application processing wait time (see \u201cUnderstanding USCIS Processing Times\u201d below). The overall naturalization process involves more steps and a longer timeline.Here\u2019s a brief summary of how long the naturalization process takes \u2014 from application filing to the swearing-in ceremony (with helpful details on what to expect in each step further below):Step 1. Processing your Application for Naturalization (Form N-400): 10 months (average) Step 2. Attending your biometrics appointment: 0 months additional Step 3. Attending your citizenship interview and exam: 4 months additional (average) Step 4. Receiving a decision on your application: 0\u20134 months additional Step 5. Taking the Oath of Allegiance and receiving your Certificate of Naturalization: 0\u20131.5 months Total time to naturalize: 14 months (1.2 years) to 19.5 months (1.6 years)It\u2019s important to note that the wait and processing times in this guide are official averages and estimates only and do not reflect possible delays (discussed in more detail below). In practice, the naturalization process may be shorter (one year, for example), depending on where the applicant lives. This is because some U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) field offices handle applications much faster than others (see \u201cUnderstanding USCIS Processing Times\u201d below).Completing your application right the first time \u2014 and getting started on the process as early as possible \u2014 is also crucial to a successful naturalization process. A recent USCIS policy change (effective September 11, 2018) now leaves little room for error in a U.S. citizenship application, among other types of immigration forms. (For more details, please see this immigration policy alert from Boundless.)With Boundless, you get the confidence of an independent immigration attorney who will review all of your materials and answer any questions you have \u2014 for no additional fee. \n Learn more, or \n get started now.Filing your Application for Naturalization (Form N-400)The first step of the process takes slightly more than 10 months, on average, but can be faster or slower depending on your location.Sending your U.S. citizenship application and supporting documents to USCIS kicks off the process. The faster you can collect supporting documentation \u2014 for example, a photocopy of your green card (Form I-551, officially called the \u201cPermanent Resident Card\u201d) \u2014 the sooner you can send these to USCIS, which can then begin to review your application.It\u2019s important to make sure that your application is complete, your answers are correct, and your supporting documents are in the format and order the U.S. government prefers. If any of your documents is written in a language other than English, you must obtain a certified English translation of that document, as well \u2014 so be mindful of these extra steps, which can take additional time to complete. Any missing information or documentation will likely slow down the process.IMPORTANT: Make sure to notify USCIS any time you move or change your mailing address to avoid missing official notices.Boundless turns all the government requirements into simple questions you can conveniently answer online. Beyond all of the government forms, your Boundless application package will also include any required supporting documents. You won\u2019t have to photocopy or print out these documents or worry about how to arrange them \u2014 we\u2019ll tell you what\u2019s required, and all you have to do is scan or snap a picture of the document and upload it to your secure online account. \n Ready to start?Attending your biometrics appointment\u201cBiometrics\u201d is just a technical term for your fingerprints, plus photos and\/or signature. USCIS typically schedules the required biometrics appointment about one month after they receive your U.S. citizenship application. You\u2019ll receive an appointment letter (Form I-797C, officially called the \u201cNotice of Action\u201d) from USCIS specifying when and where your fingerprints, photos, and signature will be collected. These will be used to verify your identity. USCIS will also forward your fingerprints to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) to conduct a background check.In order to avoid needing to return for a second biometrics appointment, it\u2019s important to bring all required documentation with you the first time. These documents include your appointment letter, Permanent Resident Card (your \u201cgreen card\u201d), and second form of ID with your photo (driver\u2019s license, passport, or state ID).Sometimes, however, a second biometrics appointment is necessary for other reasons. In the relatively unlikely event that the FBI rejects your fingerprints, for instance, USCIS will send you a new appointment letter to take a second set of fingerprints. If the FBI rejects the second set, you\u2019ll need to obtain a police clearance certificate from the police department at each of the places where you\u2019ve lived in the past five years and send these to the FBI. If necessary, it\u2019s best to start gathering these certificates quickly after receiving instructions from the FBI, as police departments handle such requests at different speeds.During this stage of the process, it\u2019s also possible to receive a notice from USCIS requesting additional information or materials, which will be specified in a letter (officially called a \u201cRequest for Evidence,\u201d or RFE). These documents could be court or police records (if USCIS discovers information during the background check that needs clarification or substantiation, for instance). There could also be other required documents listed in this checklist from USCIS. Make sure to send these to USCIS as soon as possible to minimize the delay.Boundless makes it easy to complete your naturalization application and avoid common problems. \n Learn more, or \n get started now.Attending your citizenship interview and examINTERVIEWThe citizenship interview usually takes place about 14 months, on average, after USCIS receives your naturalization application (sooner or later for some applicants). USCIS will send you a letter \u2014 only once \u2014 with the date and location of your interview, as well as a list of any documents that you must bring.For a successful interview, make sure that you:Update your mailing address (if it\u2019s changed since you filed your application) to avoid missing your appointment. Don\u2019t leave behind any of the requested paperwork (specified in an RFE you received earlier, if any) on the day of your interview. Prepare adequately for the interview.If you can\u2019t attend on the date that USCIS has scheduled, you can request to reschedule the appointment by writing to the office where your interview is to take place. You will then receive a new letter with a revised date and time, but this could be several months in the future, which underscores the importance of showing up on the original date.EXAMIn most cases, the citizenship exam is scheduled on the same day as your interview. It\u2019s a good idea to adequately prepare for both components of the exam (English language skills and civics) to avoid needing to retake the test.If you do not pass, you\u2019ll need to retake the appropriate portion of the exam in order to move on to the next step of the process. You will be asked to return to the appointment location about 60 to 90 days following the initial date of your exam.IMPORTANT: You must notify USCIS before your appointment date if you anticipate not being able to attend. Otherwise, USCIS will pause (\u201cadministratively close\u201d) the naturalization process. If you let a year go by without contacting USCIS after they pause your application, you will be denied. If this happens, you will need to start the process all over again and pay the fees a second time.Boundless is with you until the finish line, helping you respond to government questions and prepare for your citizenship interview. \n Learn more, or \n start your application today.Receiving a decision on your applicationIf all goes well and you\u2019ve provided all the paperwork that USCIS needs to make a decision, your naturalization application may be approved on the same day as your citizenship interview and exam. Otherwise, USCIS will have 120 days (four months) from the date of your citizenship interview and exam to send you its decision in writing. More specifically, you\u2019ll receive Form N-652 (officially called the \u201cNotice of Examination Results\u201d).You can expect one of three outcomes:1. Your application is approved, in which case you can move on to Step 5 below.2. Your application is continued, meaning USCIS will place it on hold for one of these reasons:You did not pass your citizenship exam (or a portion of it): In this case, you must return for a second interview and retake the necessary portion of the exam. If you do not pass the exam a second time, your application will be denied. You did not provide the appropriate documentation or information: In this case, you must wait to receive a Form N-14, explaining what, where, and how to send the required information\/documentation to USCIS. You will have 30 days to respond. If you do not fulfill this request within the deadline, your application may be denied.3. Your application is denied, in which case you will receive a letter from USCIS stating this decision and your options. If you believe you deserved to be approved for U.S. citizenship, you may file an appeal (request a hearing with a USCIS officer) within 30 days of receiving the denial letter. USCIS will then schedule a hearing within 180 days. If the USCIS officer denies your application after the hearing and you still believe you deserve approval, you can request to have a U.S. district court review your case.To prevent this process from dragging on (and your application from being denied), it\u2019s important to adequately prepare for the citizenship interview and exam. It\u2019s also critical to provide all of the information that USCIS needs in a timely fashion.Boundless can help you stay on top of interview preparation, follow-on forms, and every other important milestone along the way. \n Let\u2019s begin!Taking the Oath of Allegiance and receiving your Certificate of NaturalizationIn some (rare) cases, your Oath of Allegiance ceremony will also take place on the same day as your interview and exam, assuming your application is approved. Otherwise, USCIS will schedule it about two to six weeks later. You\u2019ll receive a letter (Form N-445, officially called the \u201cNotice of Naturalization Oath Ceremony\u201d) with the date, time, and location of the next available ceremony. You\u2019ll receive your Certificate of Naturalization \u2014 and in some cases be able to register to vote \u2014 at the same location after taking the Oath.If you can\u2019t make it to your Oath of Allegiance ceremony, you must return the notice to your local USCIS office, along with a letter requesting a new date and explaining why you cannot make it on the original date. Failing to appear more than once for your naturalization ceremony may lead to a denial of your application.Remember: You are not yet a U.S. citizen until you\u2019ve taken the Oath of Allegiance, so it\u2019s important that you show up for the ceremony on the dates that you\u2019re scheduled or rescheduled to appear.For a flat rate of $395, Boundless helps you complete your entire naturalization application, including all forms and supporting documents, independent attorney review, and support from the moment your application is filed until you obtain U.S. citizenship. \n Learn more, or \n start your application today.If you\u2019ve made it this far, congratulations! You can begin enjoying your life as a U.S. citizen.Although you will officially be an American upon taking the Oath of Allegiance, there are important steps to take as soon as possible after naturalizing:Updating your Social Security record: 10 days Applying for a U.S. passport: 2\u20136 weeksThese are not part of the official process but are necessary as a new U.S. citizen.Boundless can guide you through the entire naturalization process, from filing your application to taking the Oath of Allegiance. Learn more about \n what you get with Boundless, or \n get started now.USCIS is the government agency responsible for processing naturalization applications (and other immigration forms). In order to handle the enormous volume of applications it receives, USCIS is supported by field offices across the United States.Each applicant is assigned a field office based on their ZIP code, and therefore each field office also receives a different number of applications that directly affects its processing speed compared with other offices. USCIS publishes the processing wait times at each field office and updates the figures once per month.The processing times are presented as a range between two numbers. For example, the processing time range for naturalization applications (Form N-400) at the Seattle, WA field office was 15 to 16.5 months, as of September 12, 2018. The first number reflects \u201cthe time it takes to complete 50% of cases (the median),\u201d while the second number refers to the completion time for 93% of cases.The \u201cnational average processing time\u201d referenced at the beginning of this guide actually reflects the first number in the range (the median) averaged across all USCIS field offices in the United States (as of June 30, 2018, the most recent update at the time this guide was published), according to USCIS. This calculation of the national average resets every September.It\u2019s important to be aware that the backlog of pending U.S. citizenship applications has also grown more than 87% between 2015 and 2017, while wait times have been steadily rising \u2014 to 20 months in some cases. This underscores the importance of applying sooner than later if you\u2019re eligible now. (The full details are available in this NBC News report.)Boundless turns all the government requirements into simple questions you can answer online \u2014 typically in under a couple of hours. You don\u2019t have to worry about which number corresponds with which form. We make it easy to complete your naturalization application. \n Learn more, or \n get started now.\n\n \n Boundless \u2014 for people who want the expertiseof an immigration lawyer, not the price tag.\n \n \n \n Check My Eligibility\n \n \n \n Learn what we do for you\n \n \n \nRelated informationHow to Become a US CitizenNaturalization RequirementsWhat Is Form N-400?What Documents Are Required for Citizenship?What Are the Advantages of Naturalization?The Cost of Applying for U.S. CitizenshipWhat Should I Expect in My Citizenship Interview?What Questions Will Be Asked in the Citizenship Interview?What Should I Expect from the U.S. Citizenship Exam?What Is the U.S. Citizenship Oath of Allegiance?Getting Dual Citizenship in the United States","excerpt":"The national average processing time for naturalization applications is a little over 10 months, as of June 30, 2018. But that\u2019s just the application processing wait time (see \u201cUnderstanding USCIS Processing Times\u201d below). The overall naturalization process involves more steps","permalink":"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/immigration-resources\/how-long-does-it-take-to-get-citizenship-after-applying\/"},{"id":4815,"title":"Documents Required for U.S. Citizenship","subtitle":"What supporting documents are needed for the citizenship application and interview?","body":"As part of the naturalization process, all U.S. citizenship applicants are required to provide supporting documents to U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS). Which documents are necessary depends on each applicant\u2019s situation. Green card holders applying for naturalization based on their marriage to a U.S. citizen, for instance, must provide additional documentation, such as a marriage certificate and their spouse\u2019s U.S. passport.Applicants submit the supporting documents at different stages of the naturalization process. In the tables below, you\u2019ll see which documents are required to be submitted with your\u00a0Application for Naturalization (Form N-400) and which documents you must bring to your naturalization interview. Make sure to also check out our guide to creating digital documents the way the U.S. government prefers.For the flat rate of $395, Boundless helps you complete your entire naturalization application, including all supporting documents, independent attorney review, and support from the moment your application is filed until you obtain U.S. citizenship. If you\u2019re not sure whether you qualify for citizenship, you can \n check your eligibility through Boundless without providing any personal information. Learn more about \n our services, or \n get started today.The documents listed below must be submitted with Form N-400.Document Type Examples of Acceptable Documents Who Needs to Submit It? Proof of green card holder (permanent resident) status Copy (front and back) of your green card (officially called the \u201cPermanent Resident Card,\u201d or Form I-551) All applicants Application fee payment (see the \u201cFee Reduction or Waiver\u201d section of our guide to citizenship costs for the appropriate amount, if any) Send one of the following: Personal check (with your A-Number printed on the back) Money order (with your A-Number printed on the back) Credit card authorization form (Form G-1450, officially called the \u201ce-Notification of Application\/Petition Acceptance\u201d\u201d)\u201d All applicants (except those who are exempt or applying for a fee waiver) Proof of current marital status Send copies of all of the following, if applicable: Marriage certificates Divorce papers Annulment certificates Death certificates Other official records (such as a \u201cSingle Status Certificate\u201d or \u201cNo Record of Marriage Certificate,\u201d available from clerks\/deputy clerks offices or the Secretary of State\u2019s Apostille office in each state) All currently or previously married applicants Proof of identity Two passport-style photos (2 inches by 2 inches) Applicants living and applying from abroad Proof of military service Form N-426 (officially called the \u201cRequest for Certification of Military or Naval Service\u201d) Applicants filing based on their qualifying military service Proof of medical disability Form N-648 (officially called the \u201cMedical Certification for Disability Exceptions\u201d) Applicants requesting an exemption from the citizenship test based on a qualifying medical condition Fee reduction application Form I-942 (officially called the \u201cRequest for Reduced Fee\u201d) Applicants requesting a reduction of the citizenship application fee Fee waiver application Form I-912 (officially called the \u201cRequest for Fee Waiver\u201d) Applicants requesting a waiver of the citizenship application and biometrics fees Request for representation at the the naturalization interview Form G-28 (officially called the \u201cNotice of Entry of Appearance as Attorney or Accredited Representative\u201d) Applicants who wish to be accompanied by an attorney or other representative at their U.S. citizenship interview Not sure if you qualify for naturalization? You can \n check your eligibility on Boundless without providing any personal information. When you\u2019re ready to apply, Boundless can guide you through every milestone of the naturalization process, from your N-400 application all the way to the finish line.\u00a0\n Learn more, or \n start your application now.You must bring the documents listed below\u00a0with\u00a0your interview appointment letter to your naturalization interview.NOTE TO BOUNDLESS CUSTOMERS ONLY: To help ensure that your application is accurate and complete, Boundless may request certain documents below at a different point in the application process.Document Type Examples of Acceptable Documents Who Needs to Submit It? Proof of green card holder (permanent resident) status Green card (officially called the \u201cPermanent Resident Card,\u201d or Form I-551) All applicants State-issued identification State ID Driver\u2019s license All applicants Travel records Bring all of the following: Passports (current and expired) USCIS-issued travel documents (such as Form I-94, officially called the \u201cArrival\/Departure Record\u201d) All applicants Proof of current marital status\u00a0and termination of your prior marriages, if any Bring original copies of all of the following for yourself: Marriage certificates Divorce papers Annulment certificates Death certificates Other official records\u00a0(such as a \u201cSingle Status Certificate\u201d or \u201cNo Record of Marriage Certificate,\u201d available from clerks\/deputy clerks offices or the Secretary of State\u2019s Apostille office in each state) All currently or previously married applicants Proof of termination of your spouse\u2019s previous marriages, if any Bring original copies of all of the following for your spouse: Divorce papers Annulment certificates Death certificates Other official records All currently married applicants (if applicable) Proof of official name change(s), if any Bring as many of the following that apply: Marriage certificate\u00a0(usually sufficient) Divorce papers Court order of name change Adoption papers Other official records All applicants (if applicable) IMPORTANT: You are allowed to provide copies of the documents listed below this row with your\u00a0Form N-400, but it\u2019s generally a good idea to wait and bring them to your interview. That\u2019s because any changes that occur between\u00a0filing your N-400 and taking the Oath of Allegiance mean that you\u2019d need to submit new documentation reflecting the change and USCIS would need to re-evaluate your application, likely causing delays. Proof of spouse\u2019s U.S. citizenship for the past 3 years prior to filing your Form N-400 Birth certificate (for spouses who have been U.S. citizens since birth) Certificate of Naturalization Certificate of Citizenship Consular Report of Birth Abroad of a U.S. Citizen (Form FS-240) Applicants filing based on their marriage to a U.S. citizen Proof of termination of your previous marriage(s) Bring original copies of all of the following: Marriage certificates Divorce papers Annulment certificates Death certificates Other official records Applicants filing based on their marriage to a U.S. citizen Proof of an authentic marriage for the past 3 years prior to filing your Form N-400 Bring as many as possible of the following: Joint bank and credit card statements Joint leases or mortgages Birth certificate(s) of your child(ren) Joint insurance policies Joint income tax returns or tax transcripts for the past 3 filing years Applicants filing based on their marriage to a U.S. citizen Proof of parental rights over your child(ren) Bring one of the following for each child: Birth certificate Court order naming you as the parent Adoption papers Applicants listing their children or dependents on Form N-400 Proof that you have fulfilled your financial support obligations (if applicable) Bring the following for each dependent child who does not live with you and for other dependents (spouse and\/or ex-spouse(s)): Copies of court or government orders for you to provide financial support Canceled checks or money order receipts Copies of court or government documents showing child support and\/or alimony payments Records of wage garnishments Notarized letter from the parent or guardian who cares for your child(ren) Applicants listing their children or dependents on Form N-400 Proof of Internal Revenue Service (IRS) tax payments or overdue tax obligations Bring copies (or transcripts) of the following: Federal income tax returns for the past 5 filing years (or past 3 filing years if applying based on marriage to a U.S. citizen)If you owe federal, state, or local taxes: A signed agreement from the appropriate tax office showing that you\u2019ve filed an income tax return and made a payment arrangement for your outstanding balance Documentation from the appropriate tax office showing the current status of your payment arrangement All applicants, but especially those who apply based on their marriage to a U.S. citizen or who have taken trips abroad of at least 6 months (see more on \u201cContinuous and Physical Presence\u201c) Proof that you have maintained permanent residence in the United States (see the \u201cContinuous and Physical Presence\u201d section of our guide to U.S. citizenship requirements) Bring as many as possible of the following: Copy of your passport showing departure and arrival stamps Copies of income tax returns (or transcripts) for the past 5 filing years (or past 3 filing years if applying based on marriage to a U.S. citizen) Rent or mortgage payment receipts Bank, credit card, and loan statements showing regular transactions Auto registration and insurance Other records showing that you maintained your permanent residence All applicants who have taken any trips abroad lasting over 6 months (181 days) but less than 1 year (364 days) Proof of Selective Service registration (see more on \u201cMilitary and Civil Service Registration\u201c) If you registered for Selective Service, bring the following: Registration Acknowledgement Card (from Selective Service System)If did not register for Selective Service but were required to, bring all of the following: Status Information Letter (from Selective Service System) A notarized personal affidavit (sworn statement) from yourself, explaining why you did not register Notarized personal affidavits (sworn statements) from other people who knew you and can support your claim Male applicants of a certain age (see more on \u201cMilitary and Civil Service Registration\u201c) Records of previous encounters with law enforcement (see the \u201cGood Moral Character\u201d section of our guide to U.S. citizenship requirements) IMPORTANT: Documentation is required even if you have been told by anyone (including an attorney, judge, or police officer) that your record no longer exists or that you do not need to provide it to the government. To help you locate the documents listed below, please refer to our guide on obtaining court, police, or prison records. If you\u2019ve ever been arrested or detained anywhere in the world, and no charges were filed, bring both of the following: Original or court-certified arrest report Official, certified statement from the law enforcement agency that arrested you or from the court confirming that no charges were filedIf you\u2019ve ever been arrested or detained anywhere in the world, and charges were filed, bring certified copies of all of the following: Arrest reports Charging documents Court dispositions Sentencing reports (including a report that you completed your probationary sentence) Other relevant documents (including those in your favor that you\u2019d like USCIS to consider)If you\u2019ve ever been convicted or placed in alternative sentencing (such as diversion) or rehabilitation (such as drug treatment or community service), bring both of the following: Original or court-certified sentencing record for each incident Original or agency-certified record showing that you completed your program or sentence (such as a probation or parole record)If you\u2019ve ever had any arrest or conviction vacated, set aside, sealed, expunged, or removed from your record, bring one of the following: Original or court-certified court order showing any of the above outcomes Original statement from the court that no record exists of your arrest or convictionIf you\u2019ve ever been in a traffic incident that involved alcohol or drugs, led to an arrest, or seriously injured another person, bring the following: Any of the relevant documents listed above, based on the outcome of each incident Original arrest record, if any Original police report All applicants who have ever been: Arrested Detained Charged Convicted Received an alternative sentence Placed in rehabilitation Do you have confidential questions about how a criminal background might affect your application for U.S. citizenship? With Boundless, you get an independent immigration attorney who can answer your questions and review your entire application \u2014 for no additional fee. \n Learn more, or \n get started today.\n\n \n Boundless \u2014 for people who want the expertiseof an immigration lawyer, not the price tag.\n \n \n \n Check Your Eligibility\n \n \n \n Learn what we do for you\n \n \n \nRELATED INFORMATIONU.S. Citizenship, ExplainedUnderstanding the U.S. Citizenship Application (Form N-400)Requirements for CitizenshipThe Cost of Applying for NaturalizationTimeline of the U.S. Citizenship ProcessThe U.S. Citizenship InterviewSample Citizenship Interview QuestionsHow to Prepare for the Naturalization ExamUnderstanding the Rights and Responsibilities of U.S. CitizensThe Oath of Allegiance CeremonyHow to Apply for Dual Citizenship in the United StatesWhat Is a Green Card?Immigration FAQ","excerpt":"As part of the naturalization process, all U.S. citizenship applicants are required to provide supporting documents to U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS). Which documents are necessary depends on each applicant\u2019s situation. Green card holders applying for naturalization based on","permalink":"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/immigration-resources\/documents-required-for-u-s-citizenship\/"},{"id":2770,"title":"How to Get Military Records","subtitle":"Where to get an official record of your service in the military for your green card application","body":"If you\u2019re applying for a marriage-based green card from abroad, and you\u2019ve ever served in the military of any country, the U.S. government will ask for records of your service. These records will verify your answers to the \u201cEmployment History\u201d section of your online green card application (Form DS-260).The process for obtaining your military records \u2014 if you don\u2019t already have them \u2014 depends on where you serve or previously did. In this guide, we\u2019ll show you where and how to properly request a certified copy.Boundless can help military spouses with their marriage-based green card application. \n Learn how we can help you, or \n get started today.Who must submit their military records?Only the spouse applying for a green card from abroad must provide military records. (There is no such requirement for spouses applying for a green card from within the United States.) You must send your records to the National Visa Center (NVC) after submitting your Online Green Card Application (DS-260). You must also bring your military records to your green card interview.IMPORTANT: The NVC requires adult male applicants from certain countries to submit military records even if they have never served. (See \u201cWhere to Get Military Records\u201d section below for instructions on checking if a particular country has such a requirement.)What should my military records show?Your military documents must contain the following information:Country or region where you serve or previously served Branch of service Rank or position Military specialty Dates of service Your conduct while servingAdditionally, if you were convicted of any crime while serving, the records must reflect the conviction. If you were discharged, retired, or resigned from military service, you must also submit your discharge certificate.What if my military records are not written in English?Military records that are written in a language other than English must be accompanied by a certified English translation.Boundless makes it easy to complete your green card application and guides you through the document gathering process. \n Ready to start?If you\u2019ve served in the U.S. armed forces, you can request your military service records by following the instructions from the National Personnel Records Center, Military Personnel Records (NPRC-MPR). Veterans can request their documents online \u2014 through eVetRecs \u2014 or by completing Form SF-180 and sending it via fax or mail. To locate your records, you will need to provide information about your service, such as your name, U.S. Social Security Number, and dates of service.Those who are in active military duty, are retired, or have been discharged generally should check the U.S. National Archives\u2019 \u201cLocations of Service Records\u201d list. The locations of the records are categorized by branch of service.If you\u2019ve served in a country other than the United States, you can request a certified copy of your military records from the appropriate government agency in that country. The U.S. Department of State\u2019s website lists this information, including the name of the issuing authority, as well as the current fee and procedures for obtaining an official copy. (On the upper left-hand side of the webpage, you will need to select the first letter of your country\u2019s name, select your country, and click on the \u201cMilitary Records\u201d tab to view the details you need.)What if I can\u2019t find my military records or access them from an official source?If, for any reason, you cannot obtain your military service records, you must provide a notarized personal affidavit (written statement) in which you explain to the U.S. government why those documents are not available. The only time you are not required to submit military records is if a particular\u00a0country\u2019s guidelines for such documents specifically indicates that they are \u201cunavailable.\u201dNeed more help? At Boundless, you\u2019ll get an experienced immigration attorney to review your green card application and answer all of your questions \u2014 for no extra cost. Learn more about \n how Boundless can help you, or \n get started on your application.\n\n \n Boundless \u2014 for people who want the expertiseof an immigration lawyer, not the price tag.\n \n \n \n Check My Eligibility\n \n \n \n Learn what we do for you\n \n \n \nRELATED INFORMATIONWhat Documents Do We Need for a Marriage Green Card?Top 10 Hard-to-Find Immigration Documents and How to Get ThemHow to Get a Copy of Your Birth CertificateHow to Get a Copy of Your Marriage CertificateHow Do I Get a Copy of My Divorce Decree?How to Obtain a Police Clearance CertificateHow to Obtain Court Records and Police ReportsHow to Get a Copy of Your Lost I-94 Travel RecordTranslating Your Immigration Documents into English","excerpt":"If you\u2019re applying for a marriage-based green card from abroad, and you\u2019ve ever served in the military of any country, the U.S. government will ask for records of your service. These records will verify your answers to the \u201cEmployment History\u201d","permalink":"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/immigration-resources\/get-military-records\/"},{"id":2772,"title":"How Do I Get a Copy of My Divorce Decree?","subtitle":"Where to get a replacement or substitute of your lost divorce papers","body":"If you\u2019ve ever been married before and seek a green card based on your current marriage, you\u2019ll need to provide to the U.S. government a divorce decree (also known as a \u201cdivorce certificate\u201c),\u00a0a certificate of annulment, or a death certificate for each prior marriage. If you already have these documents, you can move on to the next step of the marriage green card process. Otherwise, this guide will show you how to get a copy of your divorce papers, as well as alternative options when those documents are not available.Boundless will assemble your complete green card application package precisely how the government prefers it \u2014 including required divorce documents \u2014 and mail it to your doorstep with clear instructions. \n Learn more, or \n get started today.Who must submit their divorce papers?For each prior marriage, both the sponsoring spouse (the U.S. citizen or current green card holder) and the spouse seeking a green card must provide a photocopy or certified copy (with the issuing office\u2019s seal or stamp) of their final divorce decree. You must also bring the original document or certified copy to your green card interview.What if I was previously married but wasn\u2019t divorced from that spouse?If a previous marriage ended by your spouse\u2019s death or by annulment, you must submit a photocopy of your spouse\u2019s death certificate or your certificate of annulment (see below for instructions on obtaining these documents). You must also bring the original or certified copy of these documents, whichever is applicable, to your green card interview.What if my divorce papers are not written in English?Divorce records (or other documented proof of a marriage\u2019s legal termination) that are written in a language other than English must be accompanied by a certified English translation.Boundless can help you manage your divorce documents for your green card application. \n Get started today.If you filed for divorce in the United States, you generally can obtain a divorce decree from the court that issued the document. Alternatively, you can request an official copy from the office of vital records in the state where your divorce was finalized. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website specifies the name and address of each vital records office, as well as the current fee for requesting the paperwork.If you filed for divorce abroad, you may find information about the issuing authority in your home country \u2014 including its name, the current fee, and procedures for obtaining an official copy \u2014 on the U.S. Department of State\u2019s website. (On the left-hand side of the webpage, you will need to select the first letter of your country\u2019s name, select your country, and click on the \u201cMarriage, Divorce Certificates\u201d tab to view more details.)Death certificates and annulment certificates may be obtained from the above sources, as well.Boundless makes it easy to complete your green card application and guides you through the document gathering process. \n Learn how we can help you, or \n get started now.If you can\u2019t find your marriage certificate or get an official copy, you must submit both of the following documents instead:A notarized personal affidavit (written explanation) in which you describe the facts of your marriage and the reason you\u2019re unable to obtain an official copy of your marriage certificate A certified statement from the appropriate government agency explaining why your marriage certificate is not availableIf you cannot obtain a certified statement from a government agency, you must instead provide an additional notarized personal affidavit\u00a0(written statement) from one of your parents who is living or a close relative who is older than you. In the affidavit, they must attest to having personal knowledge of your marriage and describe the following:Their relationship to you How well they know you How they know about the information they are swearing toBoundless can help make sure you have all the right documents for your green card application if you\u2019ve been married before. \n Ready to start?\n\n \n Boundless \u2014 for people who want the expertiseof an immigration lawyer, not the price tag.\n \n \n \n Check My Eligibility\n \n \n \n Learn what we do for you\n \n \n \nRELATED INFORMATIONWhat Documents Do We Need for a Marriage Green Card?Top 10 Hard-to-Find Immigration Documents and How to Get ThemHow to Get a Copy of Your Birth CertificateHow to Get a Copy of Your Marriage CertificateHow to Get Military RecordsHow to Obtain a Police Clearance CertificateHow to Get a Permanent Resident CardHow to Get a Copy of Your Lost I-94 Travel RecordTranslating Your Immigration Documents into English","excerpt":"If you\u2019ve ever been married before and seek a green card based on your current marriage, you\u2019ll need to provide to the U.S. government a divorce decree (also known as a \u201cdivorce certificate\u201c),\u00a0a certificate of annulment, or a death certificate","permalink":"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/immigration-resources\/get-copy-divorce-decree\/"},{"id":2774,"title":"How to Obtain a Police Clearance Certificate","subtitle":"Where to get a police certificate for your green card application","body":"What is a police certificate?A police certificate is a document that details any arrests for an individual \u2014 as well as the reasons for and outcomes of those arrests \u2014 while that person was living in a particular area. If you\u2019re applying for a marriage-based green card from abroad, then you must submit a police certificate\u00a0\u2014 issued by a police authority \u2014 from countries where you have lived in the past, even if you have no criminal record in any of those countries.If you do have a criminal history, you may still be eligible for a green card, but it\u2019s important to understand the rules for applicants with criminal records.In this guide, you\u2019ll learn where and how to properly obtain a police clearance certificate, as well as what to submit in its place if it\u2019s not available. Boundless also has a detailed guide on obtaining court, police, and prison records, which are different from a police certificate because they are required only if a spouse seeking a green card has a record of a law enforcement issue.Do you have confidential questions about how a criminal record might affect your green card application? With Boundless, you get an independent immigration attorney who can help you understand your options. \n Learn more, or \n get started today.Who must submit a police clearance certificate?Only a spouse applying for a green card from abroad must submit a photocopy of their police clearance certificate to the National Visa Center (NVC) and bring the original or certified copy to their green card interview. (Spouses applying for a green card from within the United States instead must submit police records, not a police clearance certificate.)If you\u2019re at least 16 years old, you must submit a police clearance certificate from each of the following countries (except the United States), whether or not you\u2019ve ever been arrested there:Your country of nationality if you\u2019ve lived there for at least six months at any time in your life Your country of residence if it\u2019s different from your country of nationality and if you\u2019ve lived there for at least six months Any country if you\u2019ve lived there for at least 12 months and were at least 16 years old at the timeYou also must submit a police clearance certificate from any locality in the world (except in the United States) where you\u2019ve been arrested for any reason, at any age, and regardless of how long you lived there.How recent must each police clearance certificate be?Each police clearance certificate must be less than a year old. If all of the following conditions are true at the time of your green card interview, you must obtain a new police certificate:Your police clearance certificate is more than a year old. You still live in, or have returned to, the country where the certificate was issued. You\u2019re older than 16.What if my police clearance certificate is not written in English?A police clearance certificate that is written in a language other than English must be submitted with a certified English translation.With Boundless, you get the confidence of working with an experienced immigration attorney who will help make sure you have the proper documents for your green card application. \n Ready to begin?You can obtain a police clearance certificate from the issuing authority in each country, listed on the U.S. Department of State\u2019s website. On the left-hand side of the webpage, you will need to select the first letter of your country\u2019s name, select your country, and click on the \u201cPolice, Court, Prison Records\u201d tab to view the important details.For each country, the State Department lists the name of the issuing authority, current fee, and procedures for obtaining a certificate.What if I can\u2019t get a police clearance certificate?Unless a particular country\u2019s guidelines for \u201cPolice, Court, Prison Records\u201d specifically indicate that such records are \u201cunavailable,\u201d you must submit a notarized personal affidavit (written statement) in which you explain in detail why you could not obtain a police clearance certificate.Boundless makes it easy to complete your green card application and guides you through your document gathering. \n Learn how we can help you, or \n get started now.\n\n \n Boundless \u2014 for people who want the expertiseof an immigration lawyer, not the price tag.\n \n \n \n Check My Eligibility\n \n \n \n Learn what we do for you\n \n \n \nRELATED INFORMATIONWhat Documents Do We Need for a Marriage Green Card?Top 10 Hard-to-Find Immigration Documents and How to Get ThemHow to Get a Copy of Your Birth CertificateHow to Get a Copy of Your Marriage CertificateHow Do I Get a Copy of My Divorce Decree?How to Get Military RecordsHow to Obtain Court Records and Police ReportsHow to Get a Copy of Your Lost I-94 Travel RecordTranslating Your Immigration Documents into English","excerpt":"What is a police certificate?A police certificate is a document that details any arrests for an individual \u2014 as well as the reasons for and outcomes of those arrests \u2014 while that person was living in a particular area. If","permalink":"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/immigration-resources\/obtain-police-clearance-certificate\/"},{"id":2776,"title":"How to Obtain Court Records and Police Reports","subtitle":"Where to get court and police records for your green card application","body":"The U.S. government conducts background checks on all marriage-based green card applicants. If you\u2019re a spouse seeking a green card, you\u2019ll need to provide records detailing every interaction you\u2019ve ever had with law enforcement, both in your home country and in the United States. (The only exception is minor traffic violations.)In this guide you\u2019ll learn which court records and police reports to submit, where to obtain them, and how to proceed when those documents are unavailable. (Please note that police records are not the same as a police clearance certificate, which is required only of spouses seeking a green card from\u00a0abroad, whether or not they have a record of a law enforcement issue.)In addition, be sure to read our detailed guides on the impact of past criminal history on a green card application if you\u2019re a sponsoring spouse or a spouse seeking a green card.Do you have confidential questions about how a criminal record might affect your green card application? With Boundless, you get an independent immigration attorney who can help you understand your options. \n Learn more, or \n get started today.Who must submit their records?Although background checks are conducted on both spouses, only the spouse seeking a green card must submit court, police, or prison records \u2014 even for arrests or charges that occurred while they were a minor and sometimes even those that were later expunged (removed) from their record. The specific details depend on whether the spouse seeking a green card is applying from abroad or within the United States.Which records do I need to submit, and what information should they include?If you\u2019re applying from abroad, you must submit to the National Visa Center (NVC) certified court and prison records for each conviction \u2014 even if you were later pardoned or granted amnesty or some other act of clemency. (You are not required to provide records for an arrest that did not lead to a conviction.)The records must reflect the following information:The full and complete circumstances of the crime for which you were convicted The final outcome of your case, including the sentence or other penalty\/fineIf you\u2019re applying from within the United States, you must submit to U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) certified police and court records and any additional required documents for each arrest or charge \u2014 even if they occurred while you were a minor and even if\u00a0they were later expunged (removed) from your record. (See the following table for guidance.)You generally are not required to report or provide documentation for minor traffic violations that did not result in criminal charges or involve alcohol, drugs, personal injury, or property damage.If you\u2019ve ever been\u2026 Then you must submit\u2026 Arrested or detained, but with no criminal charges filed 1) An original or certified copy of the arrest report 2) An official statement by the arresting or detaining agency or prosecutor\u2019s office OR A court order indicating the outcome of your arrest\/detention Charged, but not convicted 1) An original or certified copy of the arrest report 2) Certified copies of: The indictment, information, or charge AND The outcome of each charge Convicted or placed in alternative sentencing or a rehabilitation program OR Your arrest or conviction was vacated, set aside, sealed, expunged, or removed 1) An original or certified copy of the arrest report 2) Certified copies of: The indictment, information, or charge; any plea agreement; and the outcome of each incident 3) An original or certified copy of: Your probation or parole record showing that you completed the sentence, conditions for deferred judgment, or rehabilitative program (if applicable) OR Documentation showing that you completed the alternative sentencing or rehabilitative program (if applicable) What if my records are not written in English?You must submit a certified English translation with any records that are written in a language other than English.Boundless makes it easy to complete your green card application, guiding you through all the documents you need to gather. \n Learn how we can help you, or \n get started now.If you\u2019re applying from abroad, you can find the name of the issuing authority in your home country, its current fee, and procedures for obtaining certified copies of records, all on the U.S. Department of State\u2019s website. On the left-hand side of the webpage, you will need to select the first letter of your country\u2019s name, and then select your country. The information you need will be listed under the \u201cPolice, Court, Prison Records\u201d tab.If you\u2019re applying from within the United States, you can generally access your court records directly from the court where your case was heard, while police records are usually available through the local police department that conducted the arrest or detention.You can also try the following:County authorities: County courthouse Sheriff\u2019s department State authorities: Department of Public Safety Police Department Bureau of InvestigationBoundless assembles your complete green card application package precisely how the government prefers it, including all documents, and mails everything to your doorstep with clear instructions. \n Get started today.If you\u2019re applying from abroad and cannot obtain certified copies of your court and prison records, you must provide a notarized personal affidavit (written statement) in which you fully explain why the documents are not available. Only when a particular country\u2019s guidelines specifically indicate that such records are \u201cunavailable\u201d are you exempt from submitting those documents to the National Visa Center.If you\u2019re applying from within the United States and are not able to obtain certified copies of your court and police records, you must submit:A notarized personal affidavit (written statement) in which you fully explain why the documents are not available A certificate from the official source of the document explaining why the documents are\u00a0not available (if possible) Any other evidence that describes the details of the incident and outcome of the case (if possible)If other evidence is also not available, you must instead submit at least two\u00a0additional notarized personal affidavits\u00a0(written statements) from one or more other people who have personal knowledge of the incident and its outcome.With Boundless, you get an experienced independent attorney to review all of your documents and answer any of your questions \u2014 for no extra fee. \n Learn more, or \n get started!\n\n \n Boundless \u2014 for people who want the expertiseof an immigration lawyer, not the price tag.\n \n \n \n Check My Eligibility\n \n \n \n Learn what we do for you\n \n \n \nRELATED INFORMATIONWhat Documents Do We Need for a Marriage Green Card?Top 10 Hard-to-Find Immigration Documents and How to Get ThemHow to Get a Copy of Your Birth CertificateHow to Get a Copy of Your Marriage CertificateHow Do I Get a Copy of My Divorce Decree?How to Get Military RecordsHow to Obtain a Police Clearance CertificateHow to Get a Copy of Your Lost I-94 Travel RecordTranslating Your Immigration Documents into English","excerpt":"The U.S. government conducts background checks on all marriage-based green card applicants. If you\u2019re a spouse seeking a green card, you\u2019ll need to provide records detailing every interaction you\u2019ve ever had with law enforcement, both in your home country and","permalink":"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/immigration-resources\/how-to-obtain-court-records-and-police-reports\/"},{"id":4834,"title":"Is U.S. Citizenship Right for You?","subtitle":"Weighing the benefits of U.S. citizenship and the responsibilities of being an American","body":"If you\u2019re a green card holder who\u2019s fulfilled the requirements for naturalization \u2014 or will in the near future \u2014 you might be wondering whether obtaining U.S. citizenship is the right decision. The short and simple answer to that question is yes, if you plan to live permanently in the United States.For some people, however, the answer is a bit more complicated \u2014 often because of identity-related or practical reasons.If naturalization is right for you, however, it\u2019s imperative to apply for U.S. citizenship at your earliest opportunity. Recently announced immigration policy changes \u2014 such as the proposed \u201cpublic charge rule\u201d and the updated denial and deportation guidelines \u2014 will only make naturalization more challenging in the future.In this guide, we\u2019ll discuss the benefits of becoming a naturalized American \u2014 as well as the rules that deter some green card holders from obtaining citizenship \u2014 to help you decide whether naturalization is the next step you want to take in your immigration journey.Not sure if you qualify for U.S. citizenship? You can \n check your eligibility through Boundless without providing any personal information. When you\u2019re ready to apply, Boundless can guide you through every milestone of the naturalization process, starting with your citizenship application all the way to the finish line. \n Learn more, or \n get started today.Becoming a U.S. citizen is the next logical step for most green card holders, especially if they intend to stay in the United States for the long term. U.S. citizenship provides many advantages not available to green card holders:You cannot be deported to your country of former citizenship or nationality. You\u2019ll have just as much right as any other American to live and work in the United States. Even if you\u2019re charged with a crime in the future, you\u2019ll be able to stay in the United States. (Although recent news reports have indicated that the U.S. government plans to pursue more \u201cdenaturalizations\u201d based on prior criminal offenses, this should not affect the vast majority of naturalized U.S. citizens.)You can travel with one of the most powerful passports in the world. Applying for a U.S. passport after receiving your Certificate of Naturalization is a major benefit of U.S. citizenship. With a U.S. passport, you can travel to more than 180 destinations for short-term trips without a visa, take as many trips abroad as you want for as long as you want, and seek assistance from the local U.S. embassy during times of trouble.You can obtain federal benefits available only to U.S. citizens. Upon naturalizing, you\u2019ll gain full access to certain government benefits programs, such as federal college assistance available only to U.S. citizens.You can apply for a green card for your relatives. You\u2019ll be able to sponsor your parents, adult children, and siblings for their own green cards.Your children automatically become U.S. citizens \u2014 even if they\u2019re born abroad. You\u2019ll simply need to report your child\u2019s birth to a U.S. embassy or consulate.You no longer have to deal with immigration paperwork. You won\u2019t need to renew your green card or pay immigration filing fees. You also won\u2019t have to notify USCIS every time you move.You can apply for jobs with the U.S. government. Most federal employment is reserved only for U.S. citizens. Although every job has its pros and cons, federal employees and their families tend to receive relatively better benefits and earnings than private-sector workers.You can vote in any U.S. election. Only U.S. citizens can vote in federal elections. Non-citizens may only vote in some local elections. If you want to influence leadership in your community or in the United States overall, the voting booth is the place to start.You can run for elected office. U.S. citizenship is required for federal office and for most positions in public office at the state and local levels.For the flat rate of $395, Boundless helps you complete your entire naturalization application, including all supporting documents, independent attorney review, and support from the moment your application is filed until you obtain U.S. citizenship. Learn more about \n our services, or \n get started today.There are only a few reasons \u2014 besides identifying more strongly with their native country \u2014 why some people deliberately choose to forgo U.S. citizenship in favor of remaining green card holders.You may be required to renounce your citizenship in other countries. Depending on your home country\u2019s rules for dual citizenship (being a citizen of two countries at the same time), you may need to give up your current citizenship upon becoming an American. The United States permits dual citizenship. Many countries \u2014 Australia, Canada, and the United Kingdom, for instance \u2014 also allow you to be a national of another country. India, Japan, and a number of others, however, require you to relinquish your citizenship in those countries once you become an American.It\u2019s best to check your home country\u2019s policy on dual nationality before applying for naturalization if you intend to maintain your foreign citizenship.You must file U.S. income tax returns for life \u2014 no matter where you live. As a U.S. citizen, even if you move abroad, you must still file U.S. income tax returns. As long as you meet certain requirements, though, you\u2019ll be able to exclude from your income up to the yearly limit \u2014 currently over $100,000 \u2014 allowed by the U.S. government, meaning it won\u2019t be taxed. Any income that exceeds that limit will generally be taxed.Your criminal history will be heavily scrutinized. If you\u2019ve committed a crime that could make you deportable \u2014 such as immigration fraud, drug abuse, or domestic violence \u2014 it\u2019s especially important to seek legal assistance before applying for naturalization.You may be called upon to serve in the military. Mandatory military service enforced by a draft was officially discontinued in 1973. If reinstated, however, you could be drafted to serve. Any male who has lived in the United States or obtained their green card between the ages of 18 and 26 \u2014 unless they had an immigration status other than \u201cgreen card holder\u201d \u2014 must register with the Selective Service System.You may be called upon to serve on a jury. In the United States, jury duty in a legal proceeding is mandatory. If summoned, you must attend, but you may not necessarily be chosen to serve. Only those who are selected by the judge and attorneys after being summoned will actually serve on the jury.Active-duty military service members, professional fire and police department workers, and some public government officers who serve full-time in their positions are exempted from federal jury duty. Individuals who have served on a federal jury in the past two years, are aged 71 and older, or are volunteer first responders generally may request to be excused from service, but policies vary by district court. State and local courts impose their own rules but generally also exempt individuals based on age, disability, or their positions in public office.With Boundless, you get the confidence of an independent immigration attorney who will review all of your materials and answer any questions you have \u2014 for no additional fee. \n Learn more, or \n check your eligibility for U.S. citizenship through Boundless without providing any personal information. You can also \n start your application anytime.\n\n \n Boundless \u2014 for people who want the expertiseof an immigration lawyer, not the price tag.\n \n \n \n Check Your Eligibility\n \n \n \n Learn what we do for you\n \n \n \nRELATED INFORMATIONHow to Avoid Falling into a Naturalization TrapU.S. Citizenship Application (Form N-400)Documents Needed to Apply for U.S. CitizenshipNaturalization RequirementsWhat Are the Fees for Naturalization?Understanding the Naturalization TimelineHow to Prepare for the Naturalization InterviewCitizenship Interview Question ExamplesPreparing for the Citizenship ExamDual Citizenship in the United StatesGreen Cards: The BasicsImmigration FAQ","excerpt":"If you\u2019re a green card holder who\u2019s fulfilled the requirements for naturalization \u2014 or will in the near future \u2014 you might be wondering whether obtaining U.S. citizenship is the right decision. The short and simple answer to that question","permalink":"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/immigration-resources\/benefits-of-us-citizenship\/"},{"id":247,"title":"Understanding a Request for Evidence (RFE)","subtitle":"How to handle this common obstacle in the green card process","body":"Nobody looks forward to getting a Request for Evidence (RFE) from U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS). RFEs are sort of the boogey man of the visa world \u2014 they come without warning and usually give the recipient an unpleasant feeling in the pit of their stomach.Technically speaking, an RFE is a written request for more information and documentation that USCIS mails out if they believe that they don\u2019t yet have enough evidence to approve or deny a given application.In this article, we\u2019ll break down a typical RFE and explain each part. Hopefully you\u2019ll never see an RFE, but by the end of this guide, you\u2019ll know what to do!USCIS officers have clear guidance on how to review an application for a green card and other immigration applications. The USCIS Policy Manual, in addition to outlining general eligibility requirements, has charts and checklists that officers can use while reviewing applications. These guidance materials define the situations where issuing an RFE is appropriate.You should know that an RFE generally isn\u2019t written from scratch. There are RFE templates that give USCIS officers a starting point \u2014 then they can customize these templates to request more information and documents for individual applications.Here are the key parts of an RFE\u2026The Facts: Typically, an RFE will have an introductory paragraph (or two) about the original application. The introduction will state the type of application, the date that USCIS received it, and which office is currently processing it.The introduction will usually also state that USCIS does not have enough evidence to make a decision on the application, and that more evidence is needed.The Law: Typically, an RFE will quote sections of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), the Code of Federal Regulations, and any other law that is relevant to your application. For example, this part will often get into the details of eligibility requirements.Evidence submitted: This section will typically list all the documents that you have already submitted in support of your application. You should read this section carefully to see if anything you did submit already has not been listed (and therefore, possibly not reviewed). You should also make a note of anything missing from the list that might be helpful to the officer in making a decision on your application, so that you can submit these items as part of your response to the RFE.Evidence lacking: This section will typically list all the additional documents that USCIS needs to make a decision on your application. In this section, USCIS may also state which eligibility requirement has not been met by the documents already submitted. It\u2019s common for this section of an RFE to be lengthy, and to provide alternate options for some of the documentation that\u2019s being requested. For example, an RFE requiring the submission of a birth certificate will also usually state that if a birth certificate is not available, school records and \u201caffidavits of birth\u201d may be submitted instead.Deadline: This section typically appears at the end of an RFE, and informs the applicant how long he or she has to gather the missing evidence and submit it to USCIS. This section will also inform the applicant about the consequences of not responding to the RFE on time \u2014 basically, that a decision will be made based only on documents that were previously submitted (and that could mean a denial).Now you know what\u2019s in an RFE. What next?We\u2019ve prepared a detailed Request For Evidence guide for you, but for now, here are the main pointers on how to respond:You should provide every single extra document listed in the RFE. If that\u2019s not possible, you should give clear explanations for any missing documents. Ignoring documents mentioned in the RFE and hoping that the officer will not notice is not a viable strategy. The response deadline will be stated either as a date or as a number of days. If it\u2019s stated as a number of days, you should start counting from the date that appears on the first page of the RFE (the date that the RFE was issued). The deadline is not calculated from the day you\u00a0receive\u00a0the RFE! USCIS does not follow the\u00a0mailbox rule \u2014 in other words, the date you popped your response in the mailbox doesn\u2019t matter. You must make sure that USCIS\u00a0receives\u00a0your response by the deadline stated in the RFE!Overall, while RFEs can be scary, they are also your last best chance to provide the evidence that USCIS needs to (hopefully) approve your application. Think of RFEs as your one shot, one opportunity\u2026\n\n \n Boundless \u2014 for people who want the expertiseof an immigration lawyer, not the price tag.\n \n \n \n Check My Eligibility\n \n \n \n Learn what we do for you\n \n \n \nRelated informationApplying for a Spouse Visa After MarriageAbout the Fianc\u00e9 Visa ProcessFrequently Asked Marriage Visa QuestionsWhat Are The Costs of a Marriage-Based Green Card?Green Cards for Undocumented SpousesWhat is the Affidavit of Support?Green Card Interview Questions","excerpt":"Nobody looks forward to getting a Request for Evidence (RFE) from U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS). RFEs are sort of the boogey man of the visa world \u2014 they come without warning and usually give the recipient an unpleasant","permalink":"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/immigration-resources\/whos-afraid-rfe\/"},{"id":4859,"title":"The U.S. Citizenship Interview, Explained","subtitle":"Preparing for the naturalization interview and questions","body":"The citizenship interview is the stage of the process for becoming a U.S. citizen when the U.S. government determines your eligibility to become an American, based on all of the information and documentation you\u2019ve provided up to this point. During the interview, a U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) officer will ask questions about your naturalization application (Form N-400), as well as questions you\u2019re required to study for the citizenship exam, which takes place on the same day as the interview.If you\u2019re nervous about this step, don\u2019t be! As long as you fulfill the requirements for naturalization and prepare adequately for the interview, you\u2019ll be in good shape.In this guide, you will learn what to expect before, during, and after the interview and how to properly prepare. Make sure to also check out our guide to the questions that are commonly asked during the citizenship interview.Not sure if you\u2019re eligible for naturalization? You can \n check your eligibility through Boundless without providing any personal information. When you\u2019re ready to apply, Boundless can guide you through every milestone of the naturalization process, starting with your N-400 application all the way to the interview until you reach the finish line. \n Learn more, or \n start your application now.When is the interview?After completing the first and second steps of the naturalization process \u2014 applying and getting biometrics taken \u2014 USCIS will send you an appointment notice with the date and time of your interview. It\u2019s important to show up at least 30 minutes early to allow yourself enough time to complete the check-in process. (Our guide to the naturalization timeline has more details about this step.)IMPORTANT:\u00a0USCIS can reschedule the interview if you\u2019re unable to attend on the original date \u2014 as long as you provide sufficient written notice to USCIS beforehand. Beware, however, that rescheduling is likely to cause a months-long delay. (Boundless has more information about rescheduling.)If you simply don\u2019t appear for your interview and don\u2019t contact USCIS beforehand, they will shut down the processing of your application. If that happens, you will need to contact USCIS within one year to get your application moving again. Otherwise, your application will be automatically denied.Where does the interview take place?Your appointment notice will indicate which USCIS field office you must go to for your interview. The ZIP code you provided in the \u201cCurrent Physical Address\u201d section of your Form N-400 determines each applicant\u2019s USCIS field office (see more info).IMPORTANT: Every time you move to a new address, you must notify USCIS within 10 days of relocating by submitting Form AR-11 (officially called the \u201cAlien\u2019s Change of Address Card\u201d) or completing a change of address form online. Updating your address helps to ensure that you won\u2019t miss important notices from USCIS, including your appointment letter.How long will the interview last?A typical citizenship interview lasts about 20 minutes, but the exact timeframe varies by applicant.What should I bring?In addition to the appointment notice you received, you will need to bring supporting documents to your interview. (See our guide to the documents required for the U.S. citizenship interview for a complete list.)What kinds of questions will I be asked?Before the interview, the USCIS officer will review your Form N-400 and your \u201cA-File,\u201d which is basically a collection of records documenting your immigration journey (see this guide for more info about A-Files). The questions in the interview will focus mainly on the contents of these files, but more so on your answers on Form N-400 than on your A-File (see this preview of typical interview questions).How should I prepare for the naturalization interview?See \u201cHow to Prepare for the Citizenship Interview\u201d below.Can someone go with me to my interview?You may bring a representative, an interpreter, and\/or a family member or friend with you, depending on the reasons why you need their support during the interview (see below for more details).How should I dress?USCIS does not have formal requirements for interview attire, and what you choose to wear for the occasion certainly won\u2019t affect the outcome of your application. Just keep in mind that you\u2019ll be meeting face to face with a federal officer who has plenty of discretion on the outcome of your application, so it\u2019s best to err on the side of caution and think \u201cbusiness casual.\u201dBoundless stays with you throughout the naturalization process, helping you stay on top of interview preparation, follow-on forms, and every other important milestone along the way. \n Learn more, or \n get started now. If you\u2019re not sure whether you qualify for citizenship, you can \n check your eligibility through Boundless without providing any personal information.When you arrive at the USCIS field office, you\u2019ll enter through a security checkpoint and show your interview appointment notice, as well as a photo ID. You\u2019ll then wait with other applicants for your turn to be interviewed. Once your name is called, a USCIS officer will place you under oath and begin asking questions.The interview is also the first part (the speaking test) of the English component of the citizenship exam. That part of the test begins as soon as you greet the USCIS officer, who will be evaluating your ability to communicate verbally in basic English. (In some cases, different USCIS officers may separately conduct the interview and the test.)You can ask the officer to repeat or clarify questions until you understand them. As you respond to questions, keep in mind that the officer will be looking for two things:Consistency between your verbal responses in the interview and your written responses in Form N-400 Your ability to comprehend basic English (as part of the English speaking test)If your responses in the interview do not match those in your application, the officer may change the information in your application to reflect your verbal responses. But don\u2019t worry \u2014 the change(s) won\u2019t necessarily count against you.The officer may also choose to record the interview, but either you or your representative (if you have one) can later submit a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request to obtain a copy of the record. The recordings are routinely used for training purposes at USCIS. They can also serve as evidence to support the USCIS officer\u2019s decision to deny an application. But don\u2019t be nervous! As long as you have a clean background and provide all of the information that USCIS needs, you should have nothing to worry about.Do you have confidential questions about how your background might affect your citizenship application? With Boundless, you get an experienced, independent immigration attorney who will answer your questions and review all of your application materials \u2014 for no additional fee. \n Learn more, or \n start your application today. You can also \n check your eligibility for citizenship through Boundless, without providing any personal information.At the end of the interview, you\u2019ll receive a notice with results of both your interview and citizenship exam. If USCIS has everything it needs from you, they may also decide on your citizenship application the same day. (If you\u2019re lucky, your Oath of Allegiance ceremony may happen then, too.) Otherwise, they\u2019ll have up to 120 days after your interview to make a decision.You can expect one of three outcomes on your application: approval, denial, or continuation (see this guide for more details). Applications are typically \u201ccontinued\u201d when:USCIS needs more information or documentation from you. You did not pass the citizenship test (or a portion of it).If your application is continuedThe results notice you receive at the end of your interview will indicate next steps. Usually, this means USCIS will send you an official \u201cRequest for Evidence\u201d (RFE) for the missing or unclear information or documentation, and\/or they\u2019ll schedule a second interview to take place between 60 and 90 days from the date of your first interview.During this second interview, the USCIS officer will review any new documentation or clarification you submitted in response to an RFE and\/or re-examine you on any portion of the test you didn\u2019t pass.Boundless can help you prepare for your interview and respond properly to RFEs. \n Learn more, or \n get started now.As mentioned earlier, the USCIS officer will draw interview questions mostly from your responses on your citizenship application.The best way to prepare is therefore to make a copy of your completed Form N-400 (and supporting documents) before sending it to USCIS and to review your answers prior to your interview appointment.Keep in mind that you will also take the citizenship exam on the same day. The interview is basically the first component (the speaking test) of the English portion of the citizenship exam. (See our guide to the naturalization exam for preparation help.)Other useful tips to help you succeedKeep track of changes. Make sure to note any changes that occur between the time you file Form N-400 and attend your interview (for example, if your name changes or you become entangled with the law). USCIS routinely ask such questions to determine whether you are still eligible for naturalization.Be completely honest. Honesty is always the best policy when interacting with a USCIS officer about your background. If a USCIS officer discovers that you intentionally lied during your interview, they may deny your application or, worse, place you in removal proceedings (deportation).Dig up old files. USCIS officers may also ask questions based on the contents of your A-File \u2014 essentially, your immigration history (see this guide for more info). If you\u2019ve kept track of your communication with USCIS since before you became a green card holder, make sure to review those communications thoroughly.Most people likely don\u2019t keep track of such records, in which case there are two helpful ways to prepare:Review your supporting documents, especially court and police records if you\u2019ve ever had an encounter with law enforcement. Request a copy of your A-File by submitting a FOIA request, particularly if you\u2019ve had a long and complicated history with USCIS (for example, if you\u2019ve ever been placed in removal proceedings) or if another government agency has run a background check on you before. Bear in mind that a FOIA request can take one to four months, or longer, to process, depending on the complexity of your request.Do you have confidential questions about how your background might affect your application? With Boundless, you get an experienced, independent immigration attorney who will answer your questions and review your entire application package \u2014 for no additional fee. Learn more about \n how we can help, or \n get started now. You can also \n check if you qualify for naturalization through Boundless, without providing any personal or financial information.There are three types of people who can accompany you to your interview, depending on your circumstances:If you want to make sure that USCIS honors your rights during the interviewYou can bring an attorney or a representative. They must complete and sign Form G-28 (officially called the \u201cNotice of Entry of Appearance as Attorney or Representative\u201d), which you must submit to USCIS with your naturalization application.During the interview, your attorney or representative may ensure that USCIS honors your legal rights. They may not answer any interview questions on your behalf.If you decide not to bring an attorney or representative, you must sign a \u201cwaiver of representation.\u201dIf you\u2019re exempt from the English testYou can either bring an interpreter or ask USCIS to choose one for you if you don\u2019t need to take the English test. The USCIS officer may also conduct your interview in your preferred language if they are fluent. If you bring your own interpreter, they must complete an \u201cinterpreter\u2019s oath and privacy release statement\u201d and provide a copy of their government-issued ID upon arriving at the USCIS field office.During the interview, the interpreter may not provide any opinion or answer any interview questions on your behalf.If you have a disabilityYou can bring a family member or legal guardian, but the USCIS officer conducting your interview can decide whether to allow their presence during your interview. It\u2019s generally a good idea to ask for prior permission by contacting the USCIS field office assigned to you before your interview.Do you need special accommodations during your interview? With Boundless, an independent immigration attorney will ensure the appropriate documents and forms, such as the G-28, are included with your application. Find out more about \n what you get with Boundless, or \n get started now.\n\n \n Boundless \u2014 for people who want the expertiseof an immigration lawyer, not the price tag.\n \n \n \n Check Your Eligibility\n \n \n \n Learn what we do for you\n \n \n \nRELATED INFORMATIONTypical Questions in a Citizenship InterviewThe U.S. Citizenship ProcessThe Application for Naturalization (Form N-400)Requirements for NaturalizationUnderstanding the Benefits of U.S. CitizenshipNaturalization CostsHow Long Does It Take to Become a U.S. Citizen?How to Prepare for the Naturalization TestSupporting Documents Needed for CitizenshipHow to Prepare for the Naturalization Oath of AllegianceEverything You Need to Know About Dual CitizenshipImmigration FAQ","excerpt":"The citizenship interview is the stage of the process for becoming a U.S. citizen when the U.S. government determines your eligibility to become an American, based on all of the information and documentation you\u2019ve provided up to this point. During","permalink":"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/immigration-resources\/us-citizenship-interview\/"}]

Getting Started

What You Get With Boundless

Marriage-Based Green Cards, Explained

Start-to-Finish Immigration Guides

Green Cards, Explained

Naturalization, Explained

Immigration FAQ

Immigration Glossary

Boundless Blog

Boundless Testimonials

Spanish Immigration Resources (Recursos de inmigración en español)

Common Marriage Green Card Questions

How Does a Fiancé(e) Visa Compare to a Marriage-Based Green Card?

How Long Does It Take to Get a Marriage-Based Green Card?

What Are the Costs of a Marriage-Based Green Card?

What Are the Income Requirements for a Marriage-Based Green Card?

What Is a Joint Sponsor?

What Documents Do I Need for a Marriage-Based Green Card?

What Questions Should I Expect in My Green Card Application?

How Do We Prove Our Marriage Is Real?

When Can I Visit My Spouse in the United States?

Why Would My Green Card Application Be Denied?

Can I Work in the United States While Waiting for My Green Card?

Can Same-Sex Couples Get Marriage-Based Green Cards?

Should I Choose Adjustment of Status or Consular Processing?

Common Naturalization Questions

What Is Naturalization?

How Much Does It Cost to Apply for U.S. Citizenship?

How Long Does the Naturalization Process Take?

What Should I Expect from the U.S. Citizenship Test?

What Are the Requirements for U.S. Citizenship?

What Documents Are Required for U.S. Citizenship?

How Do I Prepare for the U.S. Citizenship Interview?

What Are the Benefits of Becoming a Naturalized U.S. Citizen?

What Questions Can I Expect in My U.S. Citizenship Interview?

What Is the Oath of Allegiance Ceremony?

Naturalization How-To Topics

How to Avoid Naturalization Pitfalls

How to Get Dual Citizenship in the United States

Start-to-Finish Green Card Guides

Living in the United States and Married to a U.S. Citizen

Living in the United States and Married to a U.S. Green Card Holder

Living Abroad and Married to a U.S. Citizen

Living Abroad and Married to a U.S. Green Card Holder

Immigration Forms

Work Permit (Form I-765)

Affidavit of Support (Form I-864)

Online Immigrant Visa Application (Form DS-260)

Online Choice of Address and Agent (Form DS-261)

Family Sponsorship Petition (Form I-130)

Supplemental Information (Form I-130A)

Application for “Adjustment of Status” (Form I-485)

Electronic Notification (Form G-1145)

Credit Card Payment Authorization (Form G-1450)

Application for a Travel Document / “Advance Parole” (Form I-131)

K-1 Visa Information – Fiancé Visa Eligibility

K-3 Visa Information – Petition for Alien Fiancé (Form I-129F)

Naturalization Form

Application for Naturalization (Form N-400)

Marriage Green Card Milestones

What to Expect at Your Green Card Interview

Preparing for the Green Card Interview

Preparing for the Medical Exam

Preparing for the Biometrics Appointment

Conditional Permanent Residency (CR-1)

Preventing a Request for Evidence (RFE)

Understanding a Request for Evidence (RFE)

Marriage Green Card How-To Topics

How to Avoid Common Immigration Pitfalls

How to Create Flawless Digital Documents

Read the Latest Visa Bulletin

How to Apply for the Diversity Visa Lottery

How to Translate Your Immigration Documents into English

How to Accurately Complete Your Address History on a Green Card Application

How to Accurately Complete Your Employment History on a Green Card Application

How to Get Your Hard-to-Find Immigration Documents

How to Get a Copy of Your Birth Certificate

How to Get a Copy of Your Marriage Certificate

How Do I Get a Copy of My Divorce Decree?

How to Get Military Records

How to Obtain a Police Clearance Certificate

How to Obtain Court Records and Police Reports

How to Get a Copy of Your Lost I-94 Travel Record

How to Get an Employment Verification Letter

How to Change Your Status from an F-1 Visa to a Green Card Through Marriage

How to Change Your Status from a J-1 Visa to a Green Card through Marriage

Undocumented Spouses

DACA Recipients and Marriage Green Cards

Overstays, Unlawful Presence, and Illegal Entry

Sponsoring an Undocumented Spouse

Special Issues

Green Card Sponsors with Criminal Records

Green Card Applicants with Criminal Records

Avoiding Immigration Scams

Government Monitoring of Immigrants’ Social Media

Understanding the “Public Charge” Rule

Translations

Recursos de inmigración en español (Spanish Immigration Resources)

Tarjeta Verde a través del Matrimonio, Clarificada

基于婚姻关系的绿卡申请说明

Boundless — for people who want the expertise
of an immigration lawyer, not the price tag.

Check My Eligibility
Learn what we do for you

Government Forms

Blank immigration forms with written instructions are available for free at the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) website. All USCIS forms are listed here.

Some Common Family Immigration Forms

Application for Citizenship (Form N-400)

Application for “Adjustment of Status” (Form I-485)

Family Sponsorship Petition (Form I-130)

Application for Employment Authorization (Form I-765)

Application for a Travel Document (Form I-131)

Other Resources

We have compiled the following resources that may be helpful.

Boundless is not affiliated with nor endorses the following sites and organizations.

Monthly visa bulletin (U.S. Department of State)

Do I qualify to stay in the U.S.? (immi.org)

Immigration topics (American Immigration Council)

Avoiding immigration scams (U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services)