How to Change Status from an F-1 Visa to an O-1 Visa
A complete guide for international students switching from an F-1 to an O-1 visa, including eligibility, timeline, costs, and how to apply
For international students on F-1 visas studying in the U.S., navigating life after graduation can be daunting. While many F-1 student visa holders choose to pursue Optional Practical Training (OPT) or apply for H-1B work visas post-graduation, those who’ve achieved national or international recognition in their field may be eligible for another option: the O-1 visa for individuals with extraordinary ability.
This guide will walk you through everything you need to know about changing status from an F-1 visa to an O-1 visa, including eligibility requirements, timelines, costs, and how to apply, so you can continue building your future in the U.S. with confidence.
F-1 Vs. O-1 Visas
The F-1 visa is a nonimmigrant student visa that allows foreign nationals to study full-time at an accredited U.S. academic institution. It is the most common student visa in the United States, with nearly 390,000 F-1 visas issued in 2024, according to data from the U.S. Department of State.
The O-1 visa, by contrast, is a nonimmigrant visa for individuals who possess “extraordinary ability” in the sciences, arts, education, business, or athletics. The O-1 visa is employment-based and is typically reserved for top performers in their field.
There are two common O-1 categories:
- O-1A: For individuals with extraordinary ability in science, education, business, or athletics.
- O-1B: For individuals with extraordinary achievement in the arts, film, or television industry.
The O-1 visa can be a viable option for F-1 visa holders who have earned national or international recognition, published work, received major awards, or made other significant contributions in their field during or after their academic training in the U.S.
Why Switch From an F-1 to an O-1 Visa?
The O-1 visa offers certain advantages over other work visa options:
- No annual cap: Unlike the H-1B visa, the O-1 has no lottery or annual cap.
- Longer stay and renewability: The O-1 visa can be granted for up to 3 years initially and renewed in 1-year increments indefinitely.
- Family benefits: Dependents (O-3 visa holders) can stay in the U.S. for the duration of the O-1 visa.
- No dual intent issues: The O-1 visa allows for eventual green card sponsorship without violating visa status.
Who is Eligible to Switch From an F-1 to an O-1 Visa?
To qualify for a change of status from an F-1 visa to an O-1 visa, you must demonstrate sustained national or international acclaim and be recognized as a leader in your field. Common types of evidence include:
- Published research or media coverage
- Awards, prizes, or honors
- Membership in exclusive professional organizations
- High salary or remuneration compared to peers
- Major contributions to your field
- Employment with a U.S. sponsor offering work aligned with your expertise
For more info on eligibility, check out our O-1 visa guide.
F-1 to O-1 Visa Requirements
Your O-1 petition must include:
- A written job offer or employment contract
- An advisory opinion (consultation) from a relevant peer group or labor organization
- Documentation of at least 3 of the required evidentiary criteria
- Form I-129 (Petition for a Nonimmigrant Worker)
Note:
Unlike the F-1 visa, O-1 visa applicants must have a U.S. employer or agent file the petition on their behalf.
F-1 to O-1 Visa Timeline Considerations
There is no official deadline to switch from F-1 to O-1, but you must file your O-1 petition before your F-1 status or Optional Practical Training (OPT) expires. U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) recommends applying at least 45–60 days before your current status ends.
F-1 to O-1 Processing Time
According to USCIS, the standard processing time for Form I-129 is roughly 2.5 months, though this varies by service center. Premium processing (15 calendar days) is available at an additional cost.
Cost to Change Status From F-1 to O-1
Here’s a breakdown of the costs to change status from an F-1 visa to an O-1 visa:
- USCIS Filing Fee (Form I-129):
- $530 for small employers or nonprofits
- $1055 for all other employers
- Premium Processing (optional): $2805
- Attorney Fees (optional): $3,000–$10,000 or more
Important:
The cost breakdown above does not include application fees for O-3 dependents or travel expenses.
How to Change Status From F-1 to O-1
- Secure a U.S. job offer in your field of extraordinary ability
- Gather documentation showing your achievements and qualifications
- Obtain a peer advisory opinion from a labor union or professional organization
- Have your employer file Form I-129 with USCIS
- Wait for approval, optionally expediting the wait time through premium processing
- Start working under O-1 status once your change of status is approved
F-1 to O-1 Visa FAQs
Yes, but you must ensure that your F-1 status remains valid during the transition. Most people apply after graduation or while on OPT.
No, you can file a change of status from within the U.S. However, if you travel abroad, you’ll need to apply for an O-1 visa at a U.S. consulate.
Up to 3 years initially, with unlimited 1-year extensions as long as you continue working in the same field.
Yes, but the new employer must file a new petition. You cannot work for a new employer until the petition is approved.
You’ll receive a written notice from USCIS explaining the reason for your denial and your options. You may address the issues cited in the denial notice and re-file a new O-1 petition, file a motion to reopen or reconsider your case with additional evidence, or appeal to the Administrative Appeals Office within 30 days of receiving your denial notice. If your F-1 status or grace period has expired, you may start accruing unlawful presence. If this is the case, it’s important to consult an immigration attorney.
Yes, through the O-1B category. Musicians, actors, filmmakers, and visual artists often qualify based on their portfolios and media coverage.